<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goto, Ryutaro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hirabayashi, Isao</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Palmer, A. Richard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remarkably loud snaps during mouth-fighting by a sponge-dwelling worm</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Biology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Biology</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-07-2019</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982219306177</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R617 - R618</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Many aquatic animals, including mammals, fishes, crustaceans and insects, produce loud sounds underwater 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Soft-bodied worms would seem unlikely to produce a loud snap or pop because such brief, intense sounds normally require extreme movements and sophisticated energy storage and release mechanisms [5]. Surprisingly, we discovered a segmented marine worm that makes loud popping sounds during a highly stereotyped intraspecific agonistic behavior we call &amp;lsquo;mouth fighting&amp;rsquo;. These sounds &amp;mdash; sound pressures up to 157 dB re 1 &amp;mu;Pa at 1 m, with frequencies in the 1&amp;ndash;100 kHz range and a strong signal at &amp;sim;6.9 kHz &amp;mdash; are comparable to those made by snapping shrimps, which are among the most intense biological sounds that have been measured in the sea [6]. We suggest a novel mechanism for generating ultrafast movements and loud sounds in a soft-bodied animal: thick, muscular pharyngeal walls appear to allow energy storage and cocking; this permits extremely rapid expansion of the pharynx within the worm&amp;rsquo;s body during the strike, which yields an intense popping sound (likely via cavitation) and a rapid influx of water. Clearly, even soft-bodied marine invertebrates can produce remarkably loud sounds underwater. How they do so remains an intriguing biomechanical puzzle that hints at a new type of extreme biology.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></issue></record></records></xml>