@conference {58227, title = {The sound of one hand}, year = {2002}, abstract = {

Two hundred and fifty years ago the Japanese Zen master Hakuin asked the question, \"What is the Sound of the Single Hand?\" This koan has long served as an aid to meditation but it also describes our new interaction techinique. We discovered that gentle fingertip gestures such as tapping, rubbing, and flicking make quiet sounds that travel by bone conduction throughout the hand. A small wristband-mounted contact microphone can reliably and inexpensively sense these sounds. We harnessed this \"sound in the hand\" phenomenon to build a wristband-mounted bio-acoustic fingertip gesture interface. The bio-acoustic interface recognizes some common gestures that state-of-the-art glove and image-processing techniques capture but in a smaller, mobile package.

}, isbn = {1581134541}, doi = {10.1145/50644310.1145/506443.506566}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=506443}, author = {Amento, Brian and Hill, Will and Terveen, Loren} } @article {57403, title = {Physiology of the Auditory Afferents in an Acoustic Parasitoid Fly}, year = {2002}, abstract = {

The fly, Ormia ochracea, possess a novel auditory organ, which allows it to detect airborne sounds. The mechanical coupling of its pair of tympanal membranes provides the basis for a unique means of sensing the direction of a sound source. In this study, we characterized the neuroanatomy, frequency tuning, and neurophysiological response properties of the acoustic afferents. Our experiments demonstrate that the fly\&$\#$39;s nervous system is able to encode and localize the direction of a sound source, although the binaural auditory cues available in the acoustic sound field are miniscule. Almost all of the acoustic afferents recorded in this study responded to short and long sound pulses with a phasic burst of one to four action potentials. A few afferents responded tonically for the duration of the sound stimulus. A prominent class of afferents responds to suprathreshold stimuli with only a single spike discharge, independent of stimulus level, frequency, or duration. We also tested the response of the afferents to speakers separated by 180\° along the azimuth of the fly. We found that the afferent responses have a shorter latency because of ipsilateral stimulation. This could be a temporal code of the direction of a sound source. The threshold frequency tuning for the afferents revealed a range of sensitivities to the frequency of the cricket host\&$\#$39;s calling song frequency. The difference in the number of afferents above threshold on either side of the animal is a population code, which can also be used for sound localization.

}, keywords = {arthropod, directional hearing, mechanical coupling, parasitoid, population coding, time coding}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07254.2002}, url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07254.2002https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07254.2002}, author = {Oshinsky, Michael L.} } @article {50715, title = {Acoustic behavior of Metaleptea adspersa (Orthoptera: Acrididae)}, journal = {The Canadian Entomologist}, volume = {134}, year = {2002}, month = {Jan-02-2002}, pages = {113 - 123}, abstract = {

The sounds produced by Metaleptea adspersa (Blanchard 1843) were recorded in captivity with an analogical tape recorder. The signal was digitized in the laboratory and studied with a software. Three types of sound were described: copulation, rivalry, and crepitation. All three sounds were produced only by males. The frequency of the sounds occupied a broadband, from 3\–4 to 16 kHz, although the main peak frequency for each type of song differed. We also studied the structures involved in sound production. Copulation and rivalry songs were produced by the rubbing of the subcostal, radial, medial, and cubital 1 veins of the hind wing against the subcostal and radial veins of the tegmen; the enlarged cubital area of the hind wing acted as a resonator. Crepitation sound was produced by the cubital area of hind wing when its expanded membrane became taut.

}, issn = {0008-347X}, doi = {10.4039/Ent134113-1}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X00006088}, author = {Lorier, Estrellita and Juan Jos{\'e} Presa} } @article {47868, title = {Ticking of the clockwork cricket: the role of the escapement mechanism.}, journal = {J Exp Biol}, volume = {205}, year = {2002}, month = {2002 Mar}, pages = {613-25}, abstract = {

The \&$\#$39;clockwork cricket\&$\#$39; model for cricket sound production suggests that the catch-and-release of the file of one forewing by the plectrum on the opposite wing act as an \&$\#$39;escapement\&$\#$39; to provide the phasic impulses that initiate and sustain the vibration of the resonant regions of the wings from which the sounds are produced. The action of the escapement produces the familiar ticking sound of clocks. The higher-frequency components of the songs of twelve species of cricket were analysed after removing the dominant low-frequency components and amplifying the remaining higher-frequency components. In normal song pulses of all species, the higher-frequency components showed a close phase-locking to the waveform of the dominant frequency, but the amplitude of the higher-frequency components did not correlate with that at the dominant frequency. Anomalous pulses occurred spontaneously in the songs of several species: multimodal, interrupted or curtailed pulses are described. In all of these, the anomalous pulse envelope was associated with changes in the amplitude and/or instantaneous frequency of the higher-frequency components of the sound. A model of the escapement suggests that the frequency of the residual components of the song depends on the symmetry of action of the plectrum on the teeth of the file.

}, keywords = {animal vocalization, animal wings, Animals, escape reaction, Gryllidae, species specificity}, issn = {0022-0949}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark and Winston J. Bailey} }