@article {52606,
	title = {Auditory DUM neurons in a bush-cricket: A filter bank for carrier frequency},
	journal = {Journal of Comparative Neurology},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jun-01-2020},
	abstract = {<p>In bush-crickets the first stage of central auditory processing occurs in the prothoracic ganglion. About 15 to 50 different auditory dorsal unpaired median neurons (DUM neurons) exist but they have not been studied in any detail. These DUM-neurons may be classified into seven different morphological types, although, there is only limited correlation between morphology and physiological responses. 97\% of the stained neurons were local, 3\% were intersegmental. About 90\% project nearly exclusively into the auditory neuropile, and 45\% into restricted areas therein. Lateral extensions overlap with the axons of primary auditory sensory neurons close to their branching point. DUM neurons are typically tuned to frequencies covering the range between 2 and 50 kHz and thereby may establish a filter bank for carrier frequency. Less than 10\% of DUM-neurons have their branches in adjacent and more posterior regions of the auditory neuropile and are mostly tuned to low frequencies, less sensitive than the other types and respond to vibration. 35\% of DUM show indications of inhibition, either through reduced responses at higher intensities, or by hyperpolarizing responses to sound. Most DUM-neurons produce phasic spike responses preferably at higher intensities. Spikes may be elicited by intracellular current injection. Preliminary data suggest that auditory DUM-neurons have GABA as transmitter and therefore may inhibit other auditory interneurons. From all known local auditory neurons, only DUM neurons have frequency specific responses which appear suited for local processing relevant for acoustic communication in bush crickets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p>
},
	keywords = {carrier frequency, hearing, Invertebrate, local neuron},
	doi = {10.1002/cne.24399},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cne.24399},
	author = {Lefebvre, Paule Chlo{\'e} and Seifert, Marvin and Stumpner, Andreas}
}
@article {11176,
	title = {True Katydids (Pseudophyllinae) from Guadeloupe: Acoustic Signals and Functional Considerations of Song Production},
	journal = {Journal of Insect Science},
	volume = {13},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan-12-2013},
	pages = {1 - 16},
	abstract = {<p>Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4\&ndash;6 syllables, each comprising 10\&ndash;20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (\&gt; 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8\&ndash;10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2\&ndash;3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.</p>
},
	keywords = {bioacoustics, bush-cricket, stridulation},
	issn = {1536-2442},
	doi = {10.1673/031.013.15701},
	url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.013.15701},
	author = {Stumpner, Andreas and Dann, Angela and Schink, Matthias and Gubert, Silvia and Hugel, Sylvain}
}
