@article {58395, title = {How Early Do Birds Start Chirping? Dawn Chorus Onset and Peak Times in a Neotropical City}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Urbanisation poses important challenges for animal communication. Avian dawn choruses are a prominent component of urban soundscapes and have received attention in recent urban ecology studies. Current evidence based on comparisons of urban and non-urban sites suggest that urbanisation is associated with earlier dawn chorus singing activity. However, this phenomenon remains mainly unexplored in tropical cities. We here assessed dawn chorus onset and peak times in two contrasting conditions of the urbanisation intensity gradient (i.e., intra-urban and peri-urban forested areas) of a Neotropical city, Xalapa in Mexico, assessing relationships with noise at sunrise and artificial light at night. We found no differences in dawn chorus onset or singing peak times when contrasting intra- and peri-urban areas. However, we found non-significant trends for earlier chorus onsets and peak times with increasing noise levels. Our results show no relationship between artificial light at night and dawn chorus timing, adding evidence to recent studies showing that light pollution does not seem to be determinant in the dawn choruses of tropical birds. Further research is needed to include a wider array of urbanisation conditions and drivers of the singing routines of urban tropical birds.

}, keywords = {behaviour, bioacoustics, bird assemblages, morning singing, peri-urban areas, Urban ecology, urbanisation}, doi = {10.13157/arla.66.2.2019.ra5}, author = {Mar{\'\i}n-G{\'o}mez, Oscar H. and MacGregor-Fors, Ian} } @article {57912, title = {Vocalisation in the mountain hare: calls of a mostly silent species}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

While the occurrence and function of vocalisation by pikas has been studied (genus Ochotona), little is known about vocalisation by hares (genus Lepus). In this study, we investigate the vocalisation activity of mountain hare (Lepus timidus) over the course of a year to better understand its occurrence and function. We found that mountain hares have a low vocalisation rate of one vocalisation every 33 night hours. We hypothesise that this low rate is the result of a strategy to minimise detection by predators. However, the 20 recorded vocal events correspond with intraspecific communication events such as warning others about danger and defending resources. This case study identifies further research directions to help strengthen our understanding of communication between solitary hares.

}, keywords = {Alps, behaviour, Calls, Lagomorpha, predator avoidance, sonogram}, doi = {10.1007/s10344-019-1331-1}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10344-019-1331-1}, author = {Rehnus, Maik and Wehrle, Martin and Obrist, Martin K.} } @article {52747, title = {Sound production of two endemic Oedipodinae grasshoppers from the Iberian Peninsula: Jacobsiella imitans and Leptopternis candidus lusitanicus (Orthoptera: Acrididae)}, journal = {Italian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {77}, year = {2010}, month = {Sep-12-2010}, pages = {443 - 452}, abstract = {

In this study, which was conducted with captive specimens kept in wooden cages and separated by sex, the sounds produced by Jacobsiella imitans (Brunner, 1882) and Leptopternis candidus lusitanicus (Ebner, 1941) (Orthoptera, Acrididae) are described. Sounds were recorded with a digital audio tape recorder; the signal was digitized and then analysed with the Avisoft\® software. Two types of sound, both produced by stridulation, were recorded in these species: an interaction song, produced when specimens are disturbed by others, and a courtship song, emitted by males when mounting another individual in trying to copulate. In both species, females are mute. Data concerning the time and frequency domains of these sounds are presented. The behaviour observed by both species in nature and that displayed when interacting with other individuals and during courtship are described. The role of song as an isolation mechanism is discussed.

}, keywords = {behaviour, Jacobsiella, Leptopternis, Oedipodinae, Orthoptera, sound production}, issn = {1125-0003}, doi = {10.1080/11250000903457830}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11250000903457830}, author = {Larrosa, E. and M. Garcia and Presa, J. J.} } @article {52731, title = {Two new katydids of the genus Melanonotus from Costa Rica with Comments on their life history strategies (Tettigoniidae pseudophyllinae)}, journal = {Entomological News}, volume = {86}, year = {1975}, pages = {129-140}, chapter = {129}, abstract = {

Two new katydids are described from Costa Rica extending the known range of\ Melanonotus\ northward. The contrast in life history and morphology between primary forest katydids and secondary growth or temperate species is discussed. The absence of regular nightly stridulation and morphological differences such as the extremely long antennae of the two\ Melanonotus\ species and other primary forest epiphyllic katydids are suggested as adaptations to bat predation.

}, keywords = {bat predation, behaviour, Costa Rica, Melanonotus, Pseudophyllinae, Tettigoniidae}, author = {D. C. F. Rentz} } @article {52581, title = {Antennal sensilla of the armoured ground cricket, Eugaster powysi Kirby, 1891 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Hetrodinae)}, journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Vie}, volume = {39}, year = {2017}, pages = {1-17}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Sensilla on the antennae of the adult armoured ground cricket, Eugaster powysi, were studied using scanning electron microscopy to determine the sensilla morphology and their possible chemo- and mechanoreceptive functions for food detection. Twelve types or subtypes occur in males and thirteen in females: aporous sensilla chaetica (62.6 \% of total sensilla in males, 63.5\% in females) with a tactile mechanoreceptive function; uniporous sensilla chaetica of three subtypes (12.5-12.7\%) with a contact chemoreceptive function; multiporous sensilla trichodea (5.6-7.9\%); multiporous sensilla basiconica of three subtypes (13.1-13.9\%); multiporous sensilla coeloconica (0.8-0.9\%), all multiporous sensilla being olfactory receptors; aporous sensilla coeloconica (2.2\%) and aporous sensilla coelocapitula (0.1\% in female) with a possible thermo- hygroreceptive function; aporous B\öhm sensilla (0.4-0.5\%) and sensilla campaniformia (0.5-0.6\%) which are proprioceptors. These results are related to the behaviour of Eugaster and compared with those obtained in other Orthoptera, Mantodea and Blattodea.

}, keywords = {antenna, behaviour, Eugaster, sensilla, Tettigoniidae}, author = {Michel J. Faucheux} }