02446nas a2200205   4500008004100000245007100041210006900112520175400181653002401935653002401959653002601983653002402009653001102033653001902044100002602063700002202089700002202111700002102133856008602154       2019                        eng d00aExperience modulates an insect’s response to anthropogenic noise0 aExperience modulates an insect s response to anthropogenic noise3 a<p>In response to anthropogenic noise, vertebrates express modified acoustic communication signals either through individual plasticity or local population adaptation. In contrast, how insects respond to this stressor is poorly studied. Field crickets Gryllus bimaculatus use acoustic signals to attract and locate mates and are commonly found in noisy roadside environments, offering a powerful system to study the effects of anthropogenic noise on insect communication. Rapid repetition of sexual calls (chirps) is essential to attract females, but calling incurs energetic costs and attracts predators. As a result, males are predicted to reduce calling rates when background noise is high. Here, we combine observations and experimental playbacks to show that the responses of field cricket males to anthropogenic noise also depend on their previous experience with passing cars. First, we show that males living on highway edges decrease their chirp rate in response to passing cars. To assess whether this behavioral response depends on previous exposure to car noise, we then broadcast recordings of car noise to males located at different distances from the road and, therefore, with different previous exposure to car noise. Although all tested individuals responded to broadcasted traffic noise, males closest to the road decreased their chirp rate less than individuals calling further from the road. These results suggest that regular exposure to anthropogenic noise may decrease individuals&rsquo; sensitivity and behavioral responses to noise, allowing them to maintain effective signaling rates. Behavioral plasticity modulated by experience may thus allow some insect species to cope with human-induced environmental stressors.</p>
10aacoustic adaptation10aanthropogenic noise10abehavioral plasticity10aGryllus bimaculatus10aInsect10asexual signals1 aGallego-Abenza, Mario1 aMathevon, Nicolas1 aWheatcroft, David1 aCandolin, Ulrika  uhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/arz159/557470302380nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001300041245010700054210006900161260001600230300001400246490000800260520177200268100001902040700002202059700002702081856010202108       2014                        eng d  a1610192800aSpecies Identity Coding by the Song of a Rainforest Warbler: An Adaptation to Long-Range Transmission?0 aSpecies Identity Coding by the Song of a Rainforest Warbler An A  cJan-07-2014  a748 - 7580 v1003 a<p>In tropical forest, visual communication is limited by obstacles and birds use mainly the acoustic channel to communicate at long range. However, in this dense vegetation environment, sounds may be greatly altered during transmission overdistance. To be e ff ecti ve,information transfer must rely upon parameters resistant to degra- dation, e.g., aslowly-modulated and low-pitched signal. Nevertheless, acommon bird of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, the White-bro wed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblep harus (Oscines, Parulidae ), presents aterritorial song having the opposite characteristics: awide frequenc yband and high-pitched signal. Thus, the aim of our study wastocharacterize the propag ation-induced modifi cations of this signal, and to identify its species-specifi ccod- ing parameters. According to propag ation experiments performed in the field at di ff erent distances, it appears that the signal is particularly sensiti ve to degradation through the vegetation: the fineacoustic structures (rapid frequenc yand amplitude modulations )are strongly modifi ed, and the highest pitched notes tend to disappear at a relati vely short distance (about 25 m).Playback experiments showthat, for species-specifi crecognition, birds use the only feature that is resistant to degradation, i.e., the overall slowfrequenc ymodulation of the song phrase, and ignore those parameters sensiti ve to propag ation distance. Moreo ver, birds do not need to hear the whole song, apart of it being su ffi cient to elicit abehavioural response. Thus, in spite of its structure, the song of the White- browed Warbler succeeds in conveying, overalong range (more than 100m )and through the dense vegetation, the information required for species- specifi crecognition.</p>
1 aAubin, Thierry1 aMathevon, Nicolas1 ada Silva, Maria, Luisa  uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=1610-1928&volume=100&issue=4&spage=748