01759nas a2200181 4500008004100000245014700041210007000188520109900258653003301357653001001390653003001400653001501430653002501445100001401470700001901484700001901503856005501522 2004 eng d00aThe rôle of call frequency and the auditory papillae in phonotactic behavior in male Dart-poison frogs Epipedobates femoralis (Dendrobatidae)0 arôle of call frequency and the auditory papillae in phonotactic 3 a

Territorial males of the pan-Amazonian Dart- poison frog, Epipedobates femoralis, are known to present stereotypic phonotactic responses to the play- back of conspecific and synthetic calls. Fixed site attachment and a long calling period within an envi- ronment of little temperature change render this terres- trial and diurnal pan-Amazonian frog a rewarding species for field bioacoustics. In experiments at the field station Arataı ̈, French Guiana, we tested whether the prominent frequency modulation of the advertisement- call notes is critical for eliciting phonotactic responses. Substitution of the natural upward sweep by either a pure tone within the species frequency range or a reverse sweep did not alter the males’ phonotactic behavior. Playbacks with artificial advertisement calls embedded in high levels of either low-pass or high-pass masking noise designed to saturate nerve fibers from either the amphibian papilla or basilar papilla showed that male phonotactic behavior in this species is subserved by activation of the basilar papilla of the inner ear.

10aAcoustic playback experiment10aAnura10aCall frequency modulation10aphonotaxis10aTerritorial behavior1 aHödl, W.1 aAmézquita, A.1 aNarins, P., M. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-004-0536-102317nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156520166100225653001101886653002001897653001101917653001501928653001701943100002401960700002401984700002402008700002402032856006702056 2019 eng d00aEffects of artificial light at night and male calling on movement patterns and mate location in field crickets0 aEffects of artificial light at night and male calling on movemen3 a

Anthropogenic factors, such as artificial light at night (ALAN), are increasingly linked to significant modifications in animal behaviours, such as foraging or migration. However, few studies have investigated directly whether the presence of ALAN affects the ability to find a mate (mate location). One direct effect of the presence of ALAN is that it can create a light barrier in an otherwise dark environment. This may have significant behavioural implications for nocturnally active species if it affects their ability to respond to potential mates. Our study, using the acoustically orienting Australian black field cricket, Teleogryllus commodus, determined experimentally whether the presence of a fragmented light environment influenced movement patterns of virgin females and males. Moreover, given the importance of male song for reproductive outcomes in this species, we assessed simultaneously whether such behaviours were modified by the presence of a male attraction call. We found that while initiation of movement was slower in the presence of ALAN, the behavioural shifts associated with its presence were relatively small compared to the influence of a broadcast male attraction call. The response to the male attraction call was typically stronger for females than for males, but both males and females modified aspects of behaviour when it was present regardless of whether their immediate environment was fragmented by artificial light at night or not. Artificial light at night may alter subtle aspects of movement and mating behaviour in this species, but ultimately does not provide a barrier to movement or mate location.

10aInsect10alight pollution10amating10aphonotaxis10areproduction1 aThompson, Eliza, K.1 aCullinan, Naomi, L.1 aJones, Therésa, M.1 aHopkins, Gareth, R. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721930348302420nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260001600268300001200284490000700296520152100303653001101824653001101835653001201846653001801858653001601876653002101892653001601913653001001929653001501939653001501954653001201969100001701981700001901998700001802017700002002035856005102055 2008 eng d a0006-897700aAuditory Sensitivity of an Acoustic Parasitoid (Emblemasoma sp., Sarcophagidae, Diptera) and the Calling Behavior of Potential Hosts0 aAuditory Sensitivity of an Acoustic Parasitoid iEmblemasomai sp  cJan-01-2008 a16 - 260 v723 a

Using field broadcasts of model male calling songs, we tested whether Tibicen pruinosa and T. chloromera (Homoptera: Cicadidae) are candidate hosts for acoustic parasitoid flies. The model calling song of T. pruinosa attracted 90% of the flies (Sarcophagidae: Emblemasoma sp.; all larvapositing females) when broadcast simultaneously with the model T. chloromera song, a phonotactic bias reconfirmed in single song playbacks. In paired broadcasts of model T. pruinosa songs with different relative amplitudes (3 dB or 6 dB), significantly more flies were attracted to the more powerful song, a result consistent with the responses predicted by a model proposed by Forrest and Raspet [1994]. Using intracellular recordings and dye injections, we characterized the sensitivity of auditory units in sound-trapped flies. Intracellular recordings from six auditory units (5 interneurons, 1 afferent) revealed best sensitivity for frequencies near 3-4 kHz, matching the predominant spectral components of the calling songs of both species of cicada. Interestingly, although flies could be attracted to T. pruinosa broadcasts throughout the day, hourly censuses of singing males revealed that calling occurred exclusively at dusk. Furthermore, the duration of the dusk chorus in T. pruinosa was significantly shorter than the midday chorus of the less attractive song of T. chloromera. We propose that the tight temporal aggregation of the dusk chorus time could function to reduce risk from attracted parasitoids.

10aChorus10aCicada10acricket10aDiel Behavior10aEmblemasoma10afrequency tuning10ainterneuron10aOrmia10aparasitoid10aphonotaxis10aTibicen1 aFarris, H.E.1 aOshinsky, M.L.1 aForrest, T.G.1 aHoy, Ronald, R. uhttps://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/13945802220nas a2200181 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131520162800200653001301828653001801841653001201859653002301871653001501894653002001909100001701929700002401946856006801970 2005 eng d00aEffect of the Temporal Pattern of Contralateral Inhibition on Sound Localization Cues0 aEffect of the Temporal Pattern of Contralateral Inhibition on So3 a

We studied the temporal coding properties of identified interneurons in the auditory system of crickets, using information theory as an analytical tool. The ascending neuron 1 (AN1), which is tuned to the dominant carrier frequency (CF) of cricket songs, selectively codes the limited range of amplitude modulation (AM) frequencies that occur in these signals. AN2, which is most sensitive to the ultrasonic frequencies that occur in echolocation calls of insectivorous bats, codes a broader range of AM frequencies, as occur in bat calls. A third neuron, omega neuron 1 (ON1), which is dually tuned to both ranges of carrier frequency, was shown previously to have CF-specific coding properties, allowing it to represent accurately the differing temporal structures of both cricket songs and bat calls. ON1 is a source of contralateral inhibition to AN1 and AN2, enhancing binaural contrast and facilitating sound localization. We used dichotic stimulation to examine the importance of the temporal structure of contralateral inhibition for enhancing binaural contrast. Contralateral inhibition degrades the coding of temporal pattern by AN1 and AN2, but only if the temporal pattern of inhibitory input matches that of excitation. Firing rate is also decreased most strongly by temporally matched contralateral inhibition. This is apparent for AN1 in its mean firing rate; for AN2, high-frequency firing is selectively suppressed. Our results show that the CF-specific coding properties of ON1 allow this single neuron to enhance effectively localization cues for both cricket-like and bat-like acoustic signals.

10aauditory10acommunication10acricket10ainformation theory10aphonotaxis10atemporal coding1 aMarsat, Gary1 aPollack, Gerald, S. uhttp://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0646-05.200501570nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183520095800252653001801210653002101228653001501249100002401264700001601288856012001304 2007 eng d00aFlight and hearing: ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight-capable and flight-incapable morphs of a wing-dimorphic cricket species0 aFlight and hearing ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight3 a

We studied frequency sensitivity of flight-capable and flight-incapable forms of the wing-dimorphic cricket Gryllus texensis, using both behavioral and neurophysiological measurements. Behavioral thresholds for negative phonotaxis in response to ultrasound stimuli are lower for long-winged (i.e. flight-capable) crickets than for short-winged (flight-incapable) individuals, whereas thresholds for positive phonotaxis in response to a calling-song model do not differ. Similarly, thresholds of the identified interneurons ON1 and AN2 differ between flight morphs for high sound frequencies but not for the frequency of calling song. Our results show that sensitivity to ultrasound is closely linked to flight ability, and thus to the risk of predation from aerially hawking bats. We suggest that sensitivity to ultrasound is one of a suite of flight-associated characteristics, the development of which may be under common hormonal regulation.

10abat predation10ajuvenile hormone10aphonotaxis1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aMartins, R. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.008136https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.00813601883nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245016000054210006900214260001600283300001200299490000800311520117400319653001701493653002201510653001501532653001501547100002201562700002701584856006601611 2011 eng d a0944200600aTemporal patterns of intra- and interspecific acoustic signals differ in two closely related species of Acanthoplus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Hetrodinae)0 aTemporal patterns of intra and interspecific acoustic signals di cJan-02-2011 a29 - 350 v1143 a

Males of the closely related African tettigoniids Acanthoplus discoidales and Acanthoplus longipes produce a long-lasting calling song and a short disturbance sound. The temporal patterns of the sounds were analysed in respect to species differences and song type differences. The calling songs of both species consist of impulses which are separated into verses of two syllables, with fewer impulses in the first syllable. A. longipes produces more impulses in each syllable than A. discoidales and has longer verse durations, verse intervals and syllable intervals. Also, the disturbance sounds, produced after mechanical stimulation, contain distinct verses of impulses. The disturbance sound of A. longipes has a higher number of impulses per verse than that of A. discoidales. The frequency spectra of the songs in both species have similar peak frequencies (around 12.5 kHz) and both species have their greatest hearing sensitivity in the range between 5 and 10 kHz. Females of A. longipes perform phonotaxis only to songs with a species-specific temporal pattern. By contrast, females of A. discoidales react positively to calling songs of both species.

10acalling song10adisturbance sound10aHetrodinae10aphonotaxis1 aKowalski, Kerstin1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S094420061000090502042nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260001600201300001400217490000800231520141900239653002701658653002001685653001801705653001801723653001501741100002501756856005501781 2014 eng d a0340-759400aSelective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor conditions0 aSelective phonotaxis of female crickets under natural outdoor co cJan-03-2014 a239 - 2500 v2003 aAcoustic mate choice in insects has been extensively studied under laboratory conditions, using different behavioural paradigms. Ideally, however, mate choice designs should reflect natural conditions, including the physical properties of the transmission channel for the signal. Since little is known about the discrimination ability of females between male song variants under natural conditions, we performed phonotaxis experiments with female field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) outdoors, using two-choice decisions based on differences in carrier frequency, sound pressure level, and chirp rate. For all three song parameters, minimum differences necessary for a significant preference between two song models were considerably larger outdoors compared to laboratory conditions. A minimum amplitude difference of 5 dB was required for a significant choice in the field, compared to only 1–2 dB reported for lab-based experiments. Due to the tuned receiver system, differences in carrier frequency equal differences in perceived loudness, and the results on choice for differences in carrier frequency corroborate those in amplitude. Similarly, chirp rate differences of 50 chirps/min were required outdoors compared to only 20 chirps/min in the lab. For predictions about patterns of sexual selection, future studies need to consider the different outcomes of mate choice decisions in lab and field trials.10aacoustic communication10aDecision making10aFemale choice10aField cricket10aphonotaxis1 aHirtenlehner, Stefan uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-014-0881-7