02704nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245010900054210006900163260001600232300001200248490000800260520186000268653002702128653001902155653001702174653002602191100002302217700002502240856023302265 2018 eng d a0003347200aTo compete or not to compete: bushcricket song plasticity reveals male body condition and rival distance0 aTo compete or not to compete bushcricket song plasticity reveals cJan-08-2018 a59 - 680 v1423 a

Males of several animals, including insects, use acoustic signals to attract a sexually receptive conspecific partner. In the orthopteran chorusing genus Poecilimon (Tettigoniidae), male signalling as well as female preference can be related to male body condition and to the social environment. Song is thought to be an honest signal of male quality, and song characteristics are therefore often important for sexual and social selection. At the same time, signal expression is plastic and this plasticity depends on the quality of the individual signaller, the acoustic components preferred by females and rivals' body condition and proximity. Using the bushcricket species Poecilimon ampliatus as a model, we investigated how both internal (body condition) and external (level of competition) factors affected the expression of temporal song characteristics. We show that both factors significantly affected acoustic signalling activity: when competing against light rivals, heavy males adjusted the characteristics of their songs to different social conditions. However, light males competing against a heavy rival showed less plasticity in their acoustic signals across social conditions. During the most escalated competition, heavier males increased their acoustic signal investment up to the maximum level, signalling with longer verses and higher duty cycles, in comparison to all other treatments. Body condition and the social environment affected male acoustic signal activity, which suggests that these factors mediate the allocation of resources for signalling and different strategies adopted in competition. The adaptive plasticity of acoustic signals in this species raises new questions about the potential role that this process could play in natural choruses, where more than two competitors are signalling simultaneously.

10abehavioural plasticity10abody condition10abushcrickets10amale-male competition1 aAnichini, Marianna1 aFrommolt, Karl-Heinz uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218301738https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218301738?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218301738?httpAccept=text/plain01820nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233520122700249653002701476653003501503653001701538100001901555700002101574856005501595 2018 eng d a1083-815500aAn increase in song pitch of eastern great tits (Parus minor) in response to urban noise at Seoul, Korea0 aincrease in song pitch of eastern great tits Parus minor in resp cMay-10-20193 a

Anthropogenic noise may mask effective vocal signal transmission by birds, particularly in notes occurring in lower frequencies. Previous studies have shown a correlation of increased urban noise levels, higher minimum frequency, and lowered bandwidth in Great Tit song (Parus major). We therefore studied the effect of urban noise pollution on the song characteristics of the closely related Eastern Great Tit (EGTs, Parus minor) at Hongneung experimental forests (HEFs) in the metropolitan urban of Seoul, Korea. We analysed the song characteristics of breeding territories of EGTS in total 13 individuals recorded including four individuals at high noise group. EGTs singing in noisier locations exhibited higher minimum & maximum frequency, and lower note & strophe length, and higher bandwidth, replicating the different findings of Great Tits. This data also suggests that several individuals at high noise location exhibited a non-typical song type indicative of structural adaptation to higher noise levels. Although the mechanisms of these correlations are as yet undetermined, it is likely that behavioural plasticity may play a role of vocal signal adaption in an increasingly urbanizing Korea.

10abehavioural plasticity10aHongneung experimental forests10aUrbanization1 aLee, Catherine1 aPark, Chan, Ryul uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11252-018-0809-z02052nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245009000054210006900144260001600213300001400229490000800243520140600251653002701657653001301684653001701697653002901714653002001743100001701763856006601780 2015 eng d a0003347200aRoaming Romeos: male crickets evolving in silence show increased locomotor behaviours0 aRoaming Romeos male crickets evolving in silence show increased  cJan-03-2015 a213 - 2190 v1013 a

Loss of sexual signals should be strongly selected against when these signals are necessary for mate attraction or acquisition. Male Teleogryllus oceanicus field crickets produce a long-distance calling song to attract females. Separate genetic mutations recently evolved on the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai and Oahu, rendering approximately 90% and 50% of males, respectively, incapable of calling. We examined whether males from three populations, each with a distinct prevalence of this silent ‘flatwing’ phenotype, show behavioural plasticity in response to being reared in a call-less environment. Crickets from Kauai, Oahu and Mangaia, a Cook Islands population without the flatwing phenotype, either were or were not exposed to calling song during late juvenile and early adult development. Movement assays showed that when males originating from Kauai were reared in silence, they moved sooner, moved more and spent more time walking during silent behaviour trials than did their counterparts reared with calling song. Males from Oahu and Mangaia, however, showed no such effect of acoustic rearing environment on these behaviours. This suggests that there has been directional selection on Kauai for males to respond to a silent environment by increasing their mobility, thus compensating for their lack of song and increasing their chance of encountering receptive females.

10abehavioural plasticity10aflatwing10an signal los10as Teleogryllus oceanicus10asexual selectio1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721400476X