02008nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126490000600195520141700201653002601618653002401644653003201668653002201700653001701722100002301739700002301762856004101785 2022 eng d00aMid-frequency song and low-frequency calls of sei whales in the Falkland Islands0 aMidfrequency song and lowfrequency calls of sei whales in the Fa0 v93 a

Although sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) are distributed throughout the globe, their behaviour and vocal repertoire are poorly described. We used passive acoustic monitoring to describe the vocal behaviour of sei whales in the Falkland Islands, between December 2018 and April 2019. We isolated more than 2000 low-frequency calls for manual classification, of which 510 calls with high signal-to-noise ratio were quantitatively measured. Five categories of stereotyped call types in the 15–230 Hz range were described, some with multiple subcategories. These included some similar to previously described calls (e.g. downsweeps), but others that were novel in acoustic structure and frequency band. In the mid-frequency range, we documented a highly stereotyped, hierarchically structured and rhythmically repetitive song display. Songs were arranged in phrases with a structure composed of repetitive sub- phrases, and a diverse variety of sounds in the 1–5 kHz range. Singing commenced in late February, despite the presence of whales and calls since early December, and continued through April. These acoustic properties and behavioural characteristics indicate that this is likely a male breeding display similar to songs and singing of other balaenopterids. This is the first detailed description of a song display for sei whales, highlighting the importance of the Falkland Islands.

10aBalaenoptera borealis10alow-frequency calls10apassive acoustic monitoring10asinging behaviour10asong display1 aCerchio, Salvatore1 aWeir, Caroline, R. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5848402169nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260001600228300001100244490000600255520132100261653002501582653001501607653001101622653001501633653002301648653001501671100002701686700002401713700002801737700002501765856012501790 2019 eng d a2054-570300aPawsitively sad: pet-owners are more sensitive to negative emotion in animal distress vocalizations0 aPawsitively sad petowners are more sensitive to negative emotion cJun-08-2021 a1815550 v63 a

Pets have numerous, effective methods to communicate with their human hosts. Perhaps most conspicuous of these are distress vocalizations: in cats, the ‘miaow’ and in dogs, the ‘whine’ or ‘whimper’. We compared a sample of young adults who owned cats and or dogs (‘pet-owners’ n = 264) and who did not (n=297) on their ratings of the valence of animal distress vocalizations, taken from a standardized database of sounds. We also examined these participants’ self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression, and their scores on a measure of interpersonal relationship functioning. Pet-owners rated the animal distress vocalizations as sadder than adults who did not own a pet. Cat-owners specifically gave the most negative ratings of cat miaows compared with other participants, but were no different in their ratings of other sounds. Dog sounds were rated more negatively overall, in fact as negatively as human baby cries. Pet-owning adults (cat only, dog only, both) were not significantly different from adults with no pets on symptoms of depression, anxiety or on self- reported interpersonal relationship functioning. We suggest that pet ownership is associated with greater sensitivity to negative emotion in cat and dog distress vocalizations.

10aanimal vocalizations10acat miaows10acrying10adog whines10aemotion perception10apet-owners1 aParsons, Christine, E.1 aLeBeau, Richard, T.1 aKringelbach, Morten, L.1 aYoung, Katherine, S. uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.181555https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.18155502484nas a2200253 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199260002000268300001100288490000600299520155400305653001101859653002601870653001901896653002501915653000901940100002301949700002801972700002202000700001702022700002702039700002602066856013802092 2018 eng d00aCulturally transmitted song exchange between humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southeast Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean basins0 aCulturally transmitted song exchange between humpback whales iMe cApr-16-20182023 a1723050 v53 a

In migratory marine species, investigating population connectivity and structure can be challenging given barriers to dispersal are less evident and multiple factors may influence individual movement patterns. Male humpback whales sing a song display that can provide insights into contemporary connectivity patterns, as there can be a cultural exchange of a single, population-wide shared song type with neighbouring populations in acoustic contact. Here, we investigated song exchange between populations located on the east and west coasts of Africa using 5 years of concurrent data (2001–2005). Songs were qualitatively and quantitatively transcribed by measuring acoustic features of all song units and then compared using both Dice’s similarity index and the Levenshtein distance similarity index (LSI) to quantitatively calculate song similarity. Song similarity varied among individuals and potentially between populations depending on the year (Dice: 36–100%, LSI: 21–100%), suggesting varying levels of population connectivity and/or interchange among years. The high degree of song sharing indicated in this study further supports genetic studies that demonstrate interchange between these two populations and reinforces the emerging picture of broad-scale connectivity in Southern Hemisphere populations. Further research incorporating additional populations and years would be invaluable for better understanding of fine-scale, song interchange patterns between Southern Hemisphere male humpback whales.

10aAfrica10acultural transmission10ahumpback whale10apopulation structure10asong1 aGarland, Ellen, C.1 aCarvajal, Gabriella, A.1 aKing, Carissa, D.1 aCollins, Tim1 aRazafindrakoto, Yvette1 aRosenbaum, Howard, C. uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.172305https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.17230502268nas a2200277 4500008004100000245006700041210006600108490000600174520133800180653002701518653002601545653002401571653001501595653000901610100002001619700002301639700002501662700002101687700002601708700002301734700002301757700002601780700002701806700001901833856013801852 2018 eng d00aContext-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour0 aContextdependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour0 v53 a

Acoustic communication is an important aspect of reproductive, foraging and social behaviours for many marine species. Northeast Pacific blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) produce three different call types—A, B and D calls. All may be produced as singular calls, but A and B calls also occur in phrases to form songs. To evaluate the behavioural context of singular call and phrase production in blue whales, the acoustic and dive profile data from tags deployed on individuals off southern California were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Only 22% of all deployments contained sounds attributed to the tagged animal. A larger proportion of tagged animals were female (47%) than male (13%), with 40% of unknown sex. Fifty per cent of tags deployed on males contained sounds attributed to the tagged whale, while only a few (5%) deployed on females did. Most calls were produced at shallow depths (less than 30 m). Repetitive phrasing (singing) and production of singular calls were most common during shallow, non-lunging dives, with the latter also common during surface behaviour. Higher sound production rates occurred during autumn than summer and they varied with time-of-day: singular call rates were higher at dawn and dusk, while phrase production rates were highest at dusk and night.

10aacoustic communication10aBalaenoptera musculus10abehavioural context10ablue whale10asong1 aLewis, Leah, A.1 aCalambokidis, John1 aStimpert, Alison, K.1 aFahlbusch, James1 aFriedlaender, Ari, S.1 aMcKenna, Megan, F.1 aMesnick, Sarah, L.1 aSouthall, Brandon, L.1 aSzesciorka, Angela, R.1 aŠirović, Ana uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.180241https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.18024102036nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001600195300001200211490000600223520143000229100002401659700002401683700003301707856013801740 2017 eng d00aNon-invasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the insect inner ear0 aNoninvasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the i cJul-18-2017 a170-1710 v43 a

Frequency analysis in the mammalian cochlea depends on the propagation of frequency information in the form of a travelling wave (TW) across tonotopically arranged auditory sensilla. TWs have been directly observed in the basilar papilla of birds and the ears of bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) and have also been indirectly inferred in the hearing organs of some reptiles and frogs. Existing experimental approaches to measure TW function in tetrapods and bush-crickets are inherently invasive, compromising the fine-scale mechanics of each system. Located in the forelegs, the bush-cricket ear exhibits outer, middle and inner components; the inner ear containing tonotopically arranged auditory sensilla within a fluid-filled cavity, and externally protected by the leg cuticle. Here, we report bush-crickets with transparent ear cuticles as potential model species for direct, non-invasive measuring of TWs and tonotopy. Using laser Doppler vibrometry and spectroscopy, we show that increased transmittance of light through the ear cuticle allows for effective non-invasive measurements of TWs and frequency mapping. More transparent cuticles allow several properties of TWs to be precisely recovered and measured in vivo from intact specimens. Our approach provides an innovative, non-invasive alternative to measure the natural motion of the sensilla-bearing surface embedded in the intact inner ear fluid.

1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aSoulsbury, Carl, D.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.170171https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.17017101918nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260002000201300001100221490000600232520130900238100002301547700002201570700003001592856013801622 2017 eng d00aMultimodal communication in courting fiddler crabs reveals male performance capacities0 aMultimodal communication in courting fiddler crabs reveals male  cDec-28-20172018 a1610930 v43 a

Courting males often perform different behavioural displays that demonstrate aspects of their quality. Male fiddler crabs, Uca sp., are well known for their repetitive claw-waving display during courtship. However, in some species, males produce an additional signal by rapidly stridulating their claw, creating a ‘drumming’ vibrational signal through the substrate as a female approaches, and even continue to drum once inside their burrow. Here, we show that the switch from waving to drumming might provide additional information to the female about the quality of a male, and the properties of his burrow (multiple message hypothesis). Across males there was, however, a strong positive relationship between aspects of their waving and drumming displays, suggesting that drumming adheres to some predictions of the redundant signal hypothesis for multimodal signalling. In field experiments, we show that recent courtship is associated with a significant reduction in male sprint speed, which is commensurate with an oxygen debt. Even so, males that wave and drum more vigorously than their counterparts have a higher sprint speed. Drumming appears to be an energetically costly multimodal display of quality that females should attend to when making their mate choice decisions.

1 aMowles, Sophie, L.1 aJennions, Michael1 aBackwell, Patricia, R. Y. uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.161093https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.16109300559nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260002000202300001100222490000600233100002700239700002100266856013800287 2015 eng d00aPosition-dependent hearing in three species of bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera)0 aPositiondependent hearing in three species of bushcrickets Tetti cOct-26-20152016 a1404730 v21 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard1 aScherberich, Jan uhttp://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/lookup/doi/10.1098/rsos.140473https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsos.140473