01713nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001600235300000800251490000700259520123500266100001701501856004901518 1972 eng d a0004-959X00aCommunicative aspects of reproductive behaviour in Australian grasshoppers (Oedipodinae and Gomphocerinae)0 aCommunicative aspects of reproductive behaviour in Australian gr cJan-01-1972 a1390 v203 a

Communicative behaviour of nine species of Australian grasshoppers (seven Oedipodinae and two Gomphocerinae) is described and compared to North American and European species. Most signal types are represented in all three continents. Most similarities between the three groups are probably due to the retention of characteristics present in common ancestors. Other similarities evidently are convergent (i.e. arose independently in each continent); these include: (1) loss of femoro-tegminal stridulation in several species; (2) changes in the function of signals from one communicative context to another; (3) the ritualization of kicking movements (i.e. the evolution of signals from non-communicative kicking movements) ; (4) the evolution of specialized flight sounds in the Gomphocerinae. Female attracting flight displays are performed by relatively few Australian Oedipodinae. Characteristics of an individual that are closely associated with behaviour or physiological states of that individual and that are relevant to the activities or wellbeing of other individuals have a greater probability of becoming signals (becoming ritualized) than movements that occur in many situations (i.e. that are unpredictable).

1 aOtte, Daniel uhttp://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=ZO972013902149nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000700209520171200216100002001928700002601948856004101974 1972 eng d00aOrientation to Calling Song by Female Crickets, Scapsipedus Marginatus (Gryllidae)0 aOrientation to Calling Song by Female Crickets Scapsipedus Margi a335-2520 v563 a

1. Video-tape recordings of the orientation behaviour of female crickets Scapsipedus marginatus in response to the calling song of conspecific males demonstrate that turning and locomotion of the animal toward a target are determined by the sensory information received before the movement is initiated and are unaffected by auditory input received during movement, i.e. the control system is an open-loop type.

2. Sound location comes about through the animals' ability to turn toward the sound source. The probability of turning in the correct direction is maximal when the sound source lies in the lateral quadrant with respect to the longitudinal body axis, and it is symmetric about the perpendicular to the body axis.

3. The correlation between the angle of the turning response and that of the direction of the sound stimulus is very small. Animals tend to make smaller turns when the target angle is less than 60° than when it is greater than 60°. Sound which is incident from the posterior direction elicits larger turns than sound which is incident from the anterior direction. Thus, the cricket can tell whether sound is coming from the forward or backward direction and respond accordingly.

4. One-eared animals usually turn toward the intact ear in response to auditory stimulation. The orientation behaviour therefore depends on a comparison of stimuli incident at the two ears. This result contradicts the findings of Regen who claims that one-eared animals can locate a sound source.

5. The leg movements demonstrated by video close-ups of single turns show varying patterns. The pattern postulated by Autrum, however, is not among these.

1 aMurphey, R., K.1 aZaretsky, Malcolm, D. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/4785001706nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260001600250300001400266490000700280520102500287100001701312700001901329700001801348856017001366 1972 eng d a0013-874600aStridulatory Apparatus and Analysis of the Acoustics of Four Species of the Subfamily Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)0 aStridulatory Apparatus and Analysis of the Acoustics of Four Spe cMar-05-1973 a644 - 6470 v653 a

Investigation of 4 species of the subfamily Lamiinae—Tylocerina nodosus (F.), Neacanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier), Monochamus titillator (F.), and Plectrodera scalator (F.)—shows that both sexes of each species produce a stridulatory sound when disturbed. The stridulatory apparatus of each species consists of a plectral ridge on the inner surface of the posterior margin of the pronotum and a pars stridens on the dorsal surface of the mesocutellum of the mesothorax. Scanning electron micrographs show the plectral ridges to be smooth, while the pars stridens consists of regularly spaced striae with height, width, and spacing measurements characteristic for each species. Audiospectrographic analysis of the beetle-produced sounds reveals definite frequency bands, pulse lengths, and relative intensities for each species. Investigation of behavioral aspects of the sounds indicates that they are not a necessary component of courtship and mating behavior, but they may serve as an alarm signal.

1 aFinn, W., E.1 aMastro, V., C.1 aPayne, T., L. uhttps://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/65.3.644https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/65/3/644/30148/Stridulatory-Apparatus-and-Analysis-of-the01223nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260001600234300001400250490000800264520068600272100002200958700002300980856006201003 1972 eng d a0008-347X00aTHE RELATION OF SONG STRUCTURE TO TEGMINAL MOVEMENT IN METRIOPTERA SPHAGNORUM (ORTHOPTERA: TETTIGONIIDAE)0 aRELATION OF SONG STRUCTURE TO TEGMINAL MOVEMENT IN METRIOPTERA S cJan-07-1972 a977 - 9850 v1043 a

Flash photography of the wings of a decticine katydid, Metrioptera sphagnorum (F. Walker), during stridulation, indicates that major trains of sound pulses of both song modes coincide with wing closures. The song mode characterized by intense ultrasonics is generated by tooth–scraper interactions over an interval of approximately 60 teeth at the lateral end of the file. A more medial file region is employed for the audio-dominated mode. Tooth removal confirms the role of different file regions in mode generation. Each pulse of the ultrasonic mode closure is a wave train of 10–15 waves of uniform amplitude, approximating a pure tone frequency of 33 kHz.

1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aPipher, Robert, E. uhttps://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/buzz/s104lmp72.pdf00835nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245005800055210005600113260001600169300001000185490000800195520039900203100002300602700001100625856004100636 1972 eng d a0036-807500aWing movements of calling katydids: fiddling finesse.0 aWing movements of calling katydids fiddling finesse c1972 Oct 13 a174-60 v1783 a

Stridulating Uhler's katydids produce the most complex song known for insects. Series of four types of sounds are made in stereotyped sequence. Sound-synchronized high-speed photography reveals that each type of sound is produced by a distinctively different wing-movement cycle. The most complex of these cycles includes a two-step closure and a nearly silent close-open movement.

1 aWalker, Thomas, J.1 aDew, D uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/4730101816nas a2200121 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191300001000260490000700270520135100277100002501628856004101653 1972 eng d00aAcoustic Communication and Differences in the Biology of Two Sibling Species of Grasshoppers, Acrotylus insubricus and A. patruelis0 aAcoustic Communication and Differences in the Biology of Two Sib a17-240 v653 a

In Israel, sexually mature adults of the sibling species of grashoppers Acrotylus insubricus (Scopoli) and A. patruelis (Herrich-Shaffer) occur both allopatrically and sympatrically. To distinguish between the 2 species in areas of sympatry and to help resolve their confused taxonomy, nonmorphological criteria were sought. The mating and acoustic behavior of these species and some aspects of their biology were therefore studies.

No species-specific differences in mating or acoustic behaviour were found. Stridulatory songs of the 2 species were similar for all parameters studied, as was substrate drumming, studied both as airborne sound and solidborne sound (i.e., substrate vibrations). No response to playback of either form of sound, or of substrate vibrations as such, was obtained under the conditions of our experiments.

Under identical conditions of incubation, eggs of A. patreulis hatched in a significantly hsorter time than those of A. insubricus, and gave rise to uniformly grey nymphs differing from the black-headed, light-bodied nymphs of the latter species. Under "no-choice" laboratory conditions, F1 hybrids were obtained from each of teh reciprocal parental crosses. Songs of hybrid males could not be distinguished from those of the parent species.

1 aBlondheim, Syril, A. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/1725501422nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001400239490000700253520092700260100002301187856006601210 1972 eng d a0003347200aGenetic control of the neuronal network generating cricket (Teleogryllus gryllus) song patterns0 aGenetic control of the neuronal network generating cricket Teleo cJan-08-1972 a478 - 4920 v203 a

Hybrid field crickets between Teleogryllus species and Gryllus species were produced to examine: (a) the genetic system controlling the neuronal network underlying song production: and (b) the neuronal mechanism responsible for the superimposed rhythms of chirping songs. Pulse numbers, intervals, and progressions were subjected to statistical and graphic analyses. Teleogryllus songs are controlled by a complex, polygenic, multichromosomal system, even at the level of ‘unitary’, acoustical parameters. Genes regulating certain pattern characteristics are on the X-chromosome’. The superficially similar chirping songs of two Gryllus species appear due to different neuronal mechanisms. One song appears to reflect a single rhythm generator with some relaxation oscillator properties, while the rhythms of the other song seem to be caused by the mixed effect of two resonant type oscillators.

1 aBentley, David, R. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347272800125