02050nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001300204300001400217490000700231520160800238100001701846856004101863 1999 eng d a0003-347200aSearch behaviour and mate choice by female field crickets, Gryllus integer.0 aSearch behaviour and mate choice by female field crickets Gryllu c1999 Dec a1293-12980 v583 a

The search tactics that females might employ to find a suitable mate impose different cognitive demands on searchers and some theoretical models of search behaviour presuppose that females are able to recall encountered males and return to mate with a previously sampled individual. In this study, I exposed female field crickets, Gryllus integer, to male calls either sequentially or simultaneously from two speakers in a three-arm radial maze. Subjects that were exposed to the two calls in sequence and allowed to move to the location of each call returned, in the absence of any audible signal, to the location of the call initially encountered. Subjects allowed to walk to the location of only one of two simultaneously active speakers before playback of both calls was terminated were as likely to move, in the absence of any audible signal, to the never-active speaker as to the location of the other male call. These subjects were also more likely to search all three arms of the maze and searched for a longer time than females exposed to calls sequentially. Thus, female G. integer probably do not construct a spatial representation of the locations of potential mates from the calls of males that advertise concurrently. The results of this study suggest, however, that female G. integer are able to recall previously encountered males under some conditions and may potentially employ a search tactic that is more complicated than a simple instantaneous comparison of the qualities of males that are actively calling. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.

1 aWiegmann, DD uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5845102309nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260001600209300001400225490000800239520163900247653003501886653002101921653001401942653002301956653002401979100001802003700001902021856005102040 1999 eng d a0952-836900aAcoustic signals in cicada courtship behaviour (order Hemiptera, genus Tibicina)0 aAcoustic signals in cicada courtship behaviour order Hemiptera g cJan-01-1999 a217 - 2240 v2623 a

During pair formation, cicadas produce acoustic signals that allow sexual partners to meet. The male is generally the emitter, producing calling songs at long range and courtship songs at short range, and the female generally the receiver. The male–female courtship behaviour of seven taxa belonging to the Palaearctic genus Tibicina is described here for the first time. Male courtship songs consisted of a succession of groups of pulses arranged in two sub‐groups. They were short in duration with strong amplitude variations. In all taxa, courtship songs were preceded by a series of 1–5 audible wing‐flicks. Differences in courtship song structure between two pairs of sympatric species, respectively T. corsica corsica/T. nigronervosa and T. corsica fairmairei/T. tomentosa, suggest that courtship signals could act as distinctive species mating recognition systems. In response to male acoustic signalling, females of T. c. corsica, T. c. fairmairei and T. nigronervosa produced audible wing‐flicks such that both sexes established an acoustic duet ending in physical contact. In addition, males and females of T. tomentosa produced silent wing‐flicks, a previously unknown behaviour, which could facilitate pheromone diffusion. Females did not exhibit a species‐specific temporal pattern in acoustic reply to male courtship song and female wing‐flick behaviour does not seem necessary for pair formation. Nevertheless, this strategy through male and female signalling ensured a reciprocal phonotactic approach that probably enhanced the likelihood for the two sexes to meet in complex habitats.

10aaudible and silent wing-flicks10acicadas Tibicina10acourtship10amale–female duet10asound communication1 aSueur, Jerome1 aAubin, Thierry uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1017/S095283690300468001502nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088520103400135653002201169653001801191653001401209653001501223653002101238100001801259856006701277 1999 eng d00aMATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN0 aMATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN3 a

Mate choice theory has become a major field of research in behavioral ecology. Tree crickets provide excellent opportunities for studying the diversity and variability of mate choice. The evidence for female mate choice in tree crickets is reviewed, and broad comparisons with other orthopteran groups are made. The evidence shows that female choice may occur during several different stages of mating and may target several different criteria. Song preferences are perhaps dominated by stabilizing preferences for the cues of species recognition, but there is a growing body of evidence for directional preferences based on sensory biases or mate quality. Mate rejection during courtship and forms of postcopulatory choice may favor males, based both on phenotypic quality and on the amount of nutritious courtship gifts they provide, and may differ with the value of mating incentives. Understanding the balance and trade-offs between different forms of mate choice may help in understanding their evolutionary causes.

10acourtship feeding10aFemale choice10aGryllidae10aOrthoptera10asexual selection1 aBrown, W., D. uhttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.37102408nas a2200373 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001200188490000700200520132500207653002801532653001101560653000901571653002501580653001501605653002501620653001901645653002401664653001401688653001601702653002601718653001901744653001501763653002301778653002101801653002501822653002601847653002101873653002601894653002401920100002701944700002201971856004101993 1999 eng d00aUse of vocal signatures for the inventory of free-flying Neotropical bats0 aUse of vocal signatures for the inventory of freeflying Neotropi a507-5160 v313 a

An ongoing study is being conducted to test the efficacy of the Anabat II detector and analysis system in obtaining reliable vocal signatures for the identification of non-phyllostomid species of bats. We sampled a wide range of elevations and associated habitat types throughout Belize. Anabat provides an instantaneous output of echolocation call structure with a laptop computer. Select sequences can be saved directly to the hard drive, avoiding extraneous noise and sound distortion commonly associated with tape recorders. To date, 18 of the 37 species known or expected
to occur in the study region were identified by recognizable differences in the time-frequency characteristics of echolocation calls. In general, each family is recognizable by call structure patterns and species readily separated by frequency range parameters. Species that commute or forage at high altitudes are not susceptible to capture but are conspicuous by acoustic sampling. Further work is needed to determine limitations of the equipment, establish better sampling procedures, and develop a comprehensive library of vocal signatures incorporating the range of variation
inherent in each species. As this work progresses, we predict the addition of hitherto unknown species occurring within the study region.

10aacoustic identification10aAnabat10abats10aBauerus dubiaquercus10aChiroptera10adiversity assessment10aEmballonuridae10aEptesicus furinalis10ainventory10aMormoopidae10aMormoops megalophylla10aMyotis elegans10aNeotropics10aNoctilio leporinus10aPteronotus davyi10aPteronotus parnellii10aPteronotus personatus10aRhogeessa tumida10aSaccopteryx bilineata10aSaccopteryx leptura1 aO'Farrell, Michael, J.1 aMiller, Bruce, W. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5805202640nas a2200385 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001000187490000700197520153100204653001101735653000901746653001501755653001701770653002401787653001901811653003001830653002201860653001701882653001801899653002201917653002201939653002401961653002301985653002202008653002302030653002602053653002602079653001402105653002102119100002702140700002202167700002402189856004102213 1999 eng d00aQualitative Identification of Free-flying Bats Using the Anabat Detector0 aQualitative Identification of Freeflying Bats Using the Anabat D a11-230 v803 a

A variety of ultrasonic bat detectors have been used over the past 3 decades to identify freeflying bats. Analyses of recorded echolocation calls were slow and typically restricted to few calls and at a resolution obscuring details of call structure. The Anabat II detector and associated zerocrossings analysis system allows an immediate examination, via a laptop computer, of the timefrequency structure of calls as they are detected. These calls can be stored on the hard drive for later examination, editing, and measurement. Many North American bats can be identified to species by qualitatively using certain structural characteristics of calls, primarily approximate maximum and minimum frequencies and morphological aspects of calls e.g., linearity and changes in slope). To identify calls precisely, it is important to use a continuous sequence of calls from an individual in normal flight rather than from single isolated calls. All calls are not equally useful, and many fragmentary calls must be discarded before making a determination. Each sequence of calls must be examined to ensure that multiple bats have not been simultaneously recorded, which confounds correct identification. We found the percentage of nonusable calls within usable vocal sequences to be highest in vespertilionids 20-40%), whereas for other families this was frequently <10%. Active rather than passive collection of data maximizes quality and quantity of diagnostic calls and provides a contextual base for the investigator.

10aAnabat10abats10aChiroptera10aecholocation10aEptesicus furinalis10aidentification10aLasionycteris noctivagans10aLasiurus cinereus10aLasiurus ega10aMolossus ater10aMolossus molossus10aMolossus sinaloae10aMyotis californicus10aMyotis ciliolabrum10aMyotis yumanensis10aNoctilio leporinus10aSaccopteryx bilineata10aTadarida brasiliensis10atechnique10avocal signatures1 aO'Farrell, Michael, J.1 aMiller, Bruce, W.1 aGannon, William, L. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5805102105nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245008000054210006900134260001600203300001200219490000700231520159800238100002401836700002101860856006601881 1999 eng d a0003347200aNutritional effects on male calling behaviour in the variable field cricket0 aNutritional effects on male calling behaviour in the variable fi cJan-01-1999 a89 - 950 v573 a

In the variable field cricket,Gryllus lineaticeps, females prefer higher chirp rates and longer chirp durations in male calling song. Higher chirp rates are energetically more expensive to produce, but the energetic cost of calling does not vary with chirp duration. We tested the hypothesis that nutrition affects male chirp rate and chirp duration. Full-sibling brothers of similar age were placed on high- and low-nutrition feeding regimes. There was no effect of feeding regime on male weight; neither group showed a significant change in weight, and the two groups did not differ from each other in weight change. However, males on the high-nutrition feeding regime both called more frequently and called at higher chirp rates when they did call. The two groups did not differ in chirp duration, the duration of pulses within chirps or chirp dominant frequency. These results suggest that females select mates based on one nutrition-dependent call character (chirp rate) and one nutrition-independent call character (chirp duration). In addition, because males in the two groups did not show significant differences in weight change, and because males on the high-nutrition feeding regime engaged in energetically more expensive calling, these results suggest that males invest any excess energy above their basic maintenance requirements in the production of call types that increase their attractiveness to females. The absence of a relationship between body condition and calling song structure for males in the field may be a consequence of this pattern of energy allocation.

1 aWagner, William, E.1 aHoback, W. Wyatt uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334729890964200439nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300001200238490000800250100003000258856004100288 1999 eng d00aDescription of two new species of Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) with a probable stridulatory mechanism0 aDescription of two new species of iAmblycerusi Thunberg Coleopte a337-3460 v1011 aRibeiro-Costa, Cibele, S. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/5274601488nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001300041245010600054210006900160260001600229300000800245520098200253100002901235700002201264856005601286 1999 eng d a1082646700aSongs and Systematics of Some Tettigoniidae from Colombia and Ecuador I. Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera)0 aSongs and Systematics of Some Tettigoniidae from Colombia and Ec cJan-11-1999 a1633 a

This paper provides taxonomic description for 16 species of pseudophylline katydid. Analysis of the calling songs is given for all but one. Among 14 genera Mystron and Stetharasa are new. Eleven new species are described from four Provinces in Ecuador: Morona Santiago, Pichincha, Los Rios and Napo, and two southern Departamentos of Colombia: Valle del Cauca and Risaralda. The diverse species-specific calling songs of Pseudophyllinae are comprised of either transient or sinusoidal pulses. The carrier frequency song spectrum occurs in conjunction with these two pulse types, as either a band (transient pulse, low Q) or a single dominant narrow-peak carrier (sinusoidal, high Q). And stridulatory file morphology differs accordingly. Principal carriers in the songs of the species described here range from the audio to the low ultrasonic (20-30 kHz); overall among pseudophylline species whose songs are known (n = 65), a majority (75%) incorporate high Q pulses.

1 aZ., Fernando, Montealegr1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3503439?origin=crossref00696nas a2200121 4500008004100000245015700041210007100198260001200269300000800281490000600289100002300295856025600318 1999 eng d00aObservations sur la stridulation et la défense chez deux Espèces de Phasmes: Heteropteryx dilatata (Parkinson, 1798) et Phyllium bioculatum Gray, 18320 aObservations sur la stridulation et la défense chez deux Espèces c02/1999 a8-90 v11 aDelfosse, Emmanuel uhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/318462665_Observations_sur_la_stridulation_et_la_defense_chez_deux_Especes_de_Phasmes_Heteropteryx_dilatata_Parkinson_1798_Insecta_Phasmatoptera_Bacillidae_Heteropteryginae_et_Phyllium_bioculatum_Gray_1832_Inse01137nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210006000117260002000177300001400197490000600211520054400217653000600761653001100767653001900778653001400797653002400811100002500835856007100860 1999 eng d a0952-462200aWHICH QS TO CHOOSE: QUESTIONS OF QUALITY IN BIOACOUSTICS?0 aWHICH QS TO CHOOSE QUESTIONS OF QUALITY IN BIOACOUSTICS cFeb-04-20122001 a351 - 3590 v93 a

Two Q factors are in common use in bioacoustics: Q, the Quality Factor and Q10 dB. The usage, definitions and separate application of these two terms can be traced back for more than 30 years. The two terms provide different measurements of the sharpness of tuning of e.g. acoustic systems. The two terms have been used in separate contexts and they measure different things. In view of the confusion that arises from the shared use of the letter Q, it is important that whichever Q is used is defined clearly in all publications.

10aQ10aQ10 dB10aQuality factor10aresonance10asharpness of tuning1 aBennet-Clark, H., C. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.1999.975340800764nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001300223300001100236490000700247653002100254653001200275653002200287653001400309653001400323653001500337653001100352653000900363653002200372653002400394653002400418100001500442856004100457 1999 eng d a1055-790300aA nested analysis of song groups and species boundaries in the Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala.0 anested analysis of song groups and species boundaries in the Haw c1999 Mar a332-410 v1110aanimal behaviour10aAnimals10abiological models10aecosystem10aGryllidae10aHaplotypes10aHawaii10amale10amitochondrial DNA10apopulation genetics10aspecies specificity1 aShaw, K, L uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/4778502247nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260001300218300001200231490001600243520173700259100002501996700001302021856005502034 1999 eng d a1477-914500aTransduction of mechanical energy into sound energy in the cicada Cyclochila australasiae0 aTransduction of mechanical energy into sound energy in the cicad c1999 Jul a1803-170 v202 (Pt 13)3 a

The anatomy of the paired tymbal muscles of Cyclochila australasiae was described. Force-distance relationships of the sound-producing in-out cycle of tymbal movement were measured. The largest forces were measured when the push occurred at the apodeme pit on the tymbal plate at angles similar to the angles of internal pull of the tymbal muscle. Initially, inward movement was opposed by the elasticity of the tymbal, which stored energy. At a mean force of 0. 38 N after a mean inward strain of 368 microm, the tymbal ribs buckled, the mean energy release being 45.1 microJ. The energy release occurred over 2-10 ms in three or four sound-producing steps as successive tymbal ribs buckled inwards. After the ribs had buckled, the force decreased to a mean value of 0.17 N. The force returned to zero during the outward movement, during which the tymbal ribs buckled outwards. The mean energy dissipated in the outward movement was 32.8 microJ. During contraction, the tymbal muscle produced mean values for the peak active force of 0.31 N over 295 microm, which gave mean values for the area of the work loops of 47.0 microJ. The calling song of C. australasiae had a mean pulse rate of 234 Hz (117 Hz for each side of the insect). The peak power to mean power ratio for the songs was 8.51:1 (+9.30 dB). Measurements of the sound field around tethered insects and of the peak power to mean power ratio of the songs gave values for the mean power of the song of 3.15-7 mW; these correspond to an energy per song pulse of 13.5-30 microJ. Previously reported mean values are 3. 15 mW for protest song and 5.1 mW for calling song. The efficiency of transduction of mechanical energy into sound energy is between 18 and 46 %.

1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aDaws, AG uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/content/202/13/1803.long01337nas a2200217 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001200202300001000214490000700224520067400231653001700905653001800922653001700940653001600957653001300973100002100986700002601007700001801033856006801051 1999 eng d00aOn Leptobrachium from Thailand with a Description of a New Species (Anura: Pelobatidae)0 aLeptobrachium from Thailand with a Description of a New Species  c06/1999 a19-290 v183 a

We compared morphological characters among Thai populations of Leptobrachium currently assigned to L. hasseltii or L. pullum. We also examined syntypes of the latter, which was first described from Vietnam as Megalophrys hasseltii var. pullus Smith, 1921, and designated the lectotype. The Thai populations are slightly variable in adult and larval morphology, but are collectively different from L. hasseltii (originally described form Java) or L. pullum. We therefore describe a new species, L. smithi, for those populations on the basis of the smaple from Khao Cong, southern Thailand.

10aBiogeography10aLeptobrachium10aPeloblatidae10asystematics10aThailand1 aMatsui, Masafumi1 aNabhitabhata, Jarujin1 aPanha, Somsak uhttp://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/18830254/2047785231/name/paper.pdf