01193nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001500041245002600056210002200082520079100104100001900895700001800914700001800932700001500950700001900965856005100984 2002 eng d a158113454100aThe sound of one hand0 asound of one hand3 a

Two hundred and fifty years ago the Japanese Zen master Hakuin asked the question, "What is the Sound of the Single Hand?" This koan has long served as an aid to meditation but it also describes our new interaction techinique. We discovered that gentle fingertip gestures such as tapping, rubbing, and flicking make quiet sounds that travel by bone conduction throughout the hand. A small wristband-mounted contact microphone can reliably and inexpensively sense these sounds. We harnessed this "sound in the hand" phenomenon to build a wristband-mounted bio-acoustic fingertip gesture interface. The bio-acoustic interface recognizes some common gestures that state-of-the-art glove and image-processing techniques capture but in a smaller, mobile package.

1 aTerveen, Loren1 aWixon, Dennis1 aAmento, Brian1 aHill, Will1 aTerveen, Loren uhttp://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=50644302217nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112520157100181653001401752653002401766653002401790653001501814653002201829653001601851100002601867856015401893 2002 eng d00aPhysiology of the Auditory Afferents in an Acoustic Parasitoid Fly0 aPhysiology of the Auditory Afferents in an Acoustic Parasitoid F3 a

The fly, Ormia ochracea, possess a novel auditory organ, which allows it to detect airborne sounds. The mechanical coupling of its pair of tympanal membranes provides the basis for a unique means of sensing the direction of a sound source. In this study, we characterized the neuroanatomy, frequency tuning, and neurophysiological response properties of the acoustic afferents. Our experiments demonstrate that the fly's nervous system is able to encode and localize the direction of a sound source, although the binaural auditory cues available in the acoustic sound field are miniscule. Almost all of the acoustic afferents recorded in this study responded to short and long sound pulses with a phasic burst of one to four action potentials. A few afferents responded tonically for the duration of the sound stimulus. A prominent class of afferents responds to suprathreshold stimuli with only a single spike discharge, independent of stimulus level, frequency, or duration. We also tested the response of the afferents to speakers separated by 180° along the azimuth of the fly. We found that the afferent responses have a shorter latency because of ipsilateral stimulation. This could be a temporal code of the direction of a sound source. The threshold frequency tuning for the afferents revealed a range of sensitivities to the frequency of the cricket host's calling song frequency. The difference in the number of afferents above threshold on either side of the animal is a population code, which can also be used for sound localization.

10aarthropod10adirectional hearing10amechanical coupling10aparasitoid10apopulation coding10atime coding1 aOshinsky, Michael, L. uhttp://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07254.2002https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-16-07254.200201377nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006600124260001600190300001400206490000800220520088100228100002301109700002201132856006501154 2002 eng d a0008-347X00aAcoustic behavior of Metaleptea adspersa (Orthoptera: Acrididae)0 aAcoustic behavior of Metaleptea adspersa Orthoptera Acrididae cJan-02-2002 a113 - 1230 v1343 a

The sounds produced by Metaleptea adspersa (Blanchard 1843) were recorded in captivity with an analogical tape recorder. The signal was digitized in the laboratory and studied with a software. Three types of sound were described: copulation, rivalry, and crepitation. All three sounds were produced only by males. The frequency of the sounds occupied a broadband, from 3–4 to 16 kHz, although the main peak frequency for each type of song differed. We also studied the structures involved in sound production. Copulation and rivalry songs were produced by the rubbing of the subcostal, radial, medial, and cubital 1 veins of the hind wing against the subcostal and radial veins of the tegmen; the enlarged cubital area of the hind wing acted as a resonator. Crepitation sound was produced by the cubital area of hind wing when its expanded membrane became taut.

1 aLorier, Estrellita1 aPresa, Juan José uhttp://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0008347X0000608802016nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001300200300001100213490000800224520135300232653002401585653001701609653001201626653002001638653001401658653002401672100002501696700002401721856004101745 2002 eng d a0022-094900aTicking of the clockwork cricket: the role of the escapement mechanism.0 aTicking of the clockwork cricket the role of the escapement mech c2002 Mar a613-250 v2053 a

The 'clockwork cricket' model for cricket sound production suggests that the catch-and-release of the file of one forewing by the plectrum on the opposite wing act as an 'escapement' to provide the phasic impulses that initiate and sustain the vibration of the resonant regions of the wings from which the sounds are produced. The action of the escapement produces the familiar ticking sound of clocks. The higher-frequency components of the songs of twelve species of cricket were analysed after removing the dominant low-frequency components and amplifying the remaining higher-frequency components. In normal song pulses of all species, the higher-frequency components showed a close phase-locking to the waveform of the dominant frequency, but the amplitude of the higher-frequency components did not correlate with that at the dominant frequency. Anomalous pulses occurred spontaneously in the songs of several species: multimodal, interrupted or curtailed pulses are described. In all of these, the anomalous pulse envelope was associated with changes in the amplitude and/or instantaneous frequency of the higher-frequency components of the sound. A model of the escapement suggests that the frequency of the residual components of the song depends on the symmetry of action of the plectrum on the teeth of the file.

10aanimal vocalization10aanimal wings10aAnimals10aescape reaction10aGryllidae10aspecies specificity1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/fi/node/47868