02015nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300001400285490000700299520121800306653001701524653002101541653002201562653002701584653001701611100002101628700002301649700002401672700002201696856005501718       2015                        eng d  a1366-638X00aMarking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and reduces reproduction in the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus0 aMarking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and  cJan-02-2015  a155 - 1620 v193 a<p>Some insects produce and use sound during multiple behaviors including many aspects of reproduction. Variation in call structure depends on the evolved mor- phological structures used to produce the sound and encode function. Beetles in the genus Nicrophorus produce strid- ulation by rubbing plectra, located on the ventral side of the elytra, against a pars stridens, located on the caudal end on the fourth and fifth abdominal segment in females and males, respectively. During field surveys for the endan- gered N. americanus, survey crews have historically used a small V-shaped notch cut in the caudal end of the right elytron to serves as a permanent marking method. No study, however, has examined the effect of this marking technique on the characters of stridulation or consequences<br />
	for reproductive behavior and fitness. Here we show that one temporal and one spectral character of sound change significantly following elytron clipping, and that repro- ductive success is significantly decreased in all breedings in which a parent beetle is elytron-clipped. We recommend replacement of this marking technique with non-invasive methods to ensure conservation of this endangered species.</p>
10abioacoustics10aElytron clipping10aMarking technique10aNicrophorus americanus10astridulation1 aHall, Carrie, L.1 aHoward, Daniel, R.1 aSmith, Rosemary, J.1 aMason, Andrew, C.  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10841-015-9755-8