03094nas a2200397   4500008004100000022001300041245005700054210005700111260001600168520180000184653000801984653002301992653001702015653001302032653000802045653002102053653001502074653001702089100002202106700002202128700001802150700001902168700001602187700002502203700003402228700002402262700002302286700001602309700001802325700002602343700002602369700002602395700002502421700001702446856023302463       2018                        eng d  a0960982200aResource Ephemerality Drives Social Foraging in Bats0 aResource Ephemerality Drives Social Foraging in Bats  cJan-11-20183 a<p>Observations of animals feeding in aggregations are often interpreted as events of social foraging, but it can be difficult to determine whether the animals arrived at the foraging sites after collective search [1, 2, 3, 4] or whether they found the sites by following a leader [5, 6] or even independently, aggregating as an artifact of food availability [7, 8]. Distinguishing between these explanations is important, because functionally, they might have very different consequences. In the first case, the animals could benefit from the presence of conspecifics, whereas in the second and third, they often suffer from increased competition [3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Using novel miniature sensors, we recorded GPS tracks and audio of five species of bats, monitoring their movement and interactions with conspecifics, which could be inferred from the audio recordings. We examined the hypothesis that food distribution plays a key role in determining social foraging patterns [14, 15, 16]. Specifically, this hypothesis predicts that searching for an ephemeral resource (whose distribution in time or space is hard to predict) is more likely to favor social foraging [10, 13, 14, 15] than searching for a predictable resource. The movement and social interactions differed between bats foraging on ephemeral versus predictable resources. Ephemeral species changed foraging sites and showed large temporal variation nightly. They aggregated with conspecifics as was supported by playback experiments and computer simulations. In contrast, predictable species were never observed near conspecifics and showed high spatial fidelity to the same foraging sites over multiple nights. Our results suggest that resource (un)predictability influences the costs and benefits of social foraging.</p>
10abat10abehavioral ecology10aecholocation10aforaging10aGPS10amovement ecology10anavigation10asociobiology1 aEgert-Berg, Katya1 aHurme, Edward, R.1 aGreif, Stefan1 aGoldstein, Aya1 aHarten, Lee1 aM., Luis, Gerardo He1 aFlores-Martínez, José, Juan1 aValdés, Andrea, T.1 aJohnston, Dave, S.1 aEitan, Ofri1 aBorissov, Ivo1 aShipley, Jeremy, Ryan1 aMedellin, Rodrigo, A.1 aWilkinson, Gerald, S.1 aGoerlitz, Holger, R.1 aYovel, Yossi  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982218312909https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982218312909?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982218312909?httpAccept=text/plain02456nas a2200229   4500008004100000245007100041210006900112260001600181490000600197520170600203653002701909653001801936653001701954653001701971653003201988653003202020653001702052100003102069700002502100700002402125856007702149       2013                        eng d00aInterspecific acoustic recognition in two European bat communities0 aInterspecific acoustic recognition in two European bat communiti  cJan-01-20130 v43 a<p>Echolocating bats emit echolocation calls for spatial orientation and foraging. These calls are often species-specific and are emitted at high intensity and repetition rate. Therefore, these calls could potentially function in intra- and/or inter-specific bat communication. For example, bats in the field approach playbacks of conspecific feeding buzzes, probably because feeding buzzes indicate an available foraging patch. In captivity, some species of bats recognize and distinguish the echolocation calls of different sympatric species. However, it is still unknown if and how acoustic species-recognition mediates interspecific interactions in the field. Here we aim to understand eavesdropping on bat echolocation calls within and across species boundaries in wild bats. We presented playbacks of conspecific and heterospecific search calls and feeding buzzes to four bat species with different foraging ecologies. The bats were generally more attracted by feeding buzzes than search calls and more by the calls of conspecifics than their heterospecifics. Furthermore, bats showed differential reaction to the calls of the heterospecifics. In particular, &lt;i&gt;Myotis capaccinii&lt;/i&gt; reacted equally to the feeding buzzes of conspecifics and to ecologically more similar heterospecifics. Our results confirm eavesdropping on feeding buzzes at the intraspecific level in wild bats and provide the first experimental quantification of potential eavesdropping in European bats at the interspecific level. Our data support the hypothesis that bat echolocation calls have a communicative potential that allows interspecific, and potentially intraspecific, eavesdropping in the wild.</p>
10aacoustic communication10aeavesdropping10aecholocation10afeeding buzz10ainterspecific communication10aintraspecific communication10asearch calls1 aDorado-Correa, Adriana, M.1 aGoerlitz, Holger, R.1 aSiemers, Björn, M.  uhttp://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2013.00192/abstract