@article {53147, title = {Female phonotaxis and frequency discrimination in the bushcricket Requena verticalis}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, volume = {13}, year = {1988}, month = {Jan-12-1988}, pages = {363 - 372}, abstract = {

The male bushcricket, Requena verticalis, calls with a signal containing two predominant frequencies, 16 kHz and 28 kHz. A synthesized call, made from a template of the natural call, was played to females under conditions of a two-speaker trial on a flat arena. Orientation pathways to a speaker emitting only a 16 kHz signal were more circuitous than the pathways made by females orientating to a speaker emitting only a 28 kHz signal. Females preferred a signal with both carrier frequency peaks present within the song to a signal with only a 16 kHz or 28 kHz carrier frequency, when the signal containing a double peak was kept at equivalent absolute intensity to that with a single peak. Females chose signals containing a more powerful high frequency peak over a signal in which both peaks were balanced. For the higher peak, they were able to differentiate between frequencies with a separation of 8 kHz but not of 4 kHz. They were unable to differentiate between frequencies with a separation up to 8 kHz in the lower peak when one frequency was held at 16 kHz; however, when this frequency was held at 18 kHz, females were able to distinguish between frequencies with a difference of 4 kHz. (N.B. 18 kHz is 2 kHz above the mean value for this frequency within the natural population.) We conclude that females are choosing males on the amount of power in the higher frequency range of their song and that this may be equivalent to a close calling male in the field.

}, issn = {0307-6962}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3032.1988.tb01118.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1988.tb01118.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fj.1365-3032.1988.tb01118.x}, author = {Winston J. Bailey and Paul B. Yeoh} } @article {52755, title = {The energetic cost of calling in the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, volume = {22}, year = {1997}, month = {Jan-09-1997}, pages = {286 - 290}, abstract = {

Female preferences for conspicuous male calls have been documented in many groups. However, relatively few studies have examined the metabolic costs associated with the production of call types preferred by females. We measured the oxygen consumption of calling male Gryllus lineaticeps St\ål crickets using closed chamber respirometry. Calling song was recorded concurrently. The average increase in mass-specific oxygen consumption during calling was 2.7 times basal rates of oxygen consumption, and calling males consumed approximately 1.2ml O2g-lh-1. Oxygen consumption increased with increasing chirp rate and pulse duration, but not with increasing chirp duration. Females of this species prefer higher chirp rates, thus some call types that increase the male\&$\#$39;s attractiveness to females require more metabolic energy to produce.

}, keywords = {female preference, Field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, metabolic cost}, issn = {0307-6962}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3032.1997.tb01170.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1997.tb01170.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111\%2Fj.1365-3032.1997.tb01170.x}, author = {W. Wyatt Hoback and William E. Wagner} } @article {50904, title = {Acoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle: do signals vary between behavioural contexts?}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, year = {2017}, month = {Aug-09-2018}, abstract = {

Acoustic communication is taxonomically widespread in bark beetles and is proposed to play an important role in a variety of social and defensive behavioural contexts. Yet our understanding of how signals vary between contexts is currently limited. The present study tests the hypothesis that acoustic signals vary between behavioural contexts in the female pine engraver beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Female Ips pini produce acoustic chirps using a vertex-pronotal stridulatory organ. Randomly sampled chirps generated under three contexts (i.e. distress, predation and premating) are compared for their duration, number of pulses, interpulse intervals, pulse rate and amplitude envelope shapes. The results obtained show that, during premating events, chirps are significantly longer in duration and tend to have a higher proportion of descending amplitude envelopes than chirps occurring during distress and predation events. Chirps produced during distress and predation conditions are indistinguishable from one another. By contrast to the results from previous bark beetle studies, no support is found for categorizing chirps as \‘interrupted\’ or \‘uninterrupted\’ types based on temporal patterns. The functional significance of context-dependent variation in chirp characteristics is discussed. Previous studies on acoustic communication in bark beetles are limited as a result of a general lack of objective sampling and measurement criteria for characterizing signals. Recommendations are outlined for future studies on the functions and evolution of acoustic communication in bark beetles.

}, doi = {10.1111/phen.12222}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.12222}, author = {Dobai, Andras and Sivalinghem, Senthurran and Guedes, Raul N.C. and Yack, Jayne E.} } @article {11865, title = {Acoustic behaviour of both sexes of the speckled bush cricket Leptophyes punctatissima}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, month = {Jan-03-1976}, pages = {21 - 25}, abstract = {

As in other phaneropterine bush-crickets, both male and female Leptophyes punctatissima can stridulate. Stridulation in the female, which had previously been overlooked, occurs in response to the male call. The main frequency of the very brief chirps is around 40 kHz. The male is stimulated to chirp more frequently by receiving response chirps from the female. Unlike most Tettigoniidae the male moves toward the female and is thus dependant on her response signal. Communication can occur over distances of at least 5 m. Some structures involved in stridulation in the female differ from that described in other phaneropterines. The insects used in these experiments were all reared in the laboratory from wild-caught parents. Between forty and fifty different insects were used at various times for laboratory studies on the song, and four different males and three females were used on the field communication experiments. The sexes were kept separate from the moult to adult or for at least 10 days before experiments.

}, issn = {0307-6962}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00882.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00882.x}, author = {Hartley, J. C. and Robinson, D. J.} } @article {9153, title = {Proposal for a new term {\textquoteleft}echeme{\textquoteright} to replace {\textquoteleft}chirp{\textquoteright} in animal acoustics}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, volume = {1}, year = {1976}, month = {Jan-06-1976}, pages = {103 - 106}, abstract = {

The term \‘chirp\’ as defined by Broughton (1952) and varied by him (1963a, b) is shown to be both inadequate and potentially misleading, particularly in the light of the principles of measurement of the time-parameters of insect song, which are reviewed. It is important to include, in the measured duration of a given element, not only the durations of its constituent sub-elements plus the intervals between them, but also an estimate of the interval that would have followed the last sub-element, had the emission been prolonged further.

\‘Chirp\’ should be totally restricted to initial, empirical descriptions of sounds that appear undivided to the human ear (or ultrasonics of corresponding length). For a first-order assemblage of syllables, the term \‘echeme\’ with a highly relevant etymology, is proposed.

In early insect-acoustics studies, Broughton (e.g. 1963a), seeking mainly to follow the admirable German terminology of Faber (e.g. 1953) and Jacobs (e.g. 1953), and to combine it with accepted physical terms, proposed certain English equivalents, many of which (such as \‘pulse\’, \‘syllable\’, \‘sequence\’) have proved adequate in the years since then.

The term \‘chirp\’, however, had been rather loosely and inappropriately used in still earlier studies (Broughton, 1952, 1953; Chavasse et al., 1954) as the equivalent of Jacobs\&$\#$39; Silbe (syllable = sound or ultrasound corresponding to one stroke of the singing apparatus). This was in direct conflict with the dictionary usage of \‘chirp\’ as a sound that appears unitary and undivided to the unaided human ear (M. Duijm, personal communication in 1962).

This is why, in the 1963 revision, Broughton abandoned the use of chirp as equivalent of Silbe, in favour of the direct translation, syllable; and proposed restricting \‘chirp\’ to usage as a term for the first-stage description of a unitary-sounding element of an animal emission, regardless of its composition in terms of physical units (pulses) or physiological units (syllables). Thus, the song of Chorthippus brunneus (Thunberg)(Orth., Acrididae) sounds unitary to the human ear, but consists of a rapid series of sounds each corresponding to one stroke of the apparatus: it is therefore, according to the 1963 system, a \‘polysyllabic chirp\’ (Fig. 1)-a chirp that happens to be a first-order assemblage of syllables. By contrast, the song of Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt) is a clear series of unitary sounds each visibly produced by one movement, and is therefore a \‘sequence\’ of \‘monosyllabic chirps\’ (Fig. 2).

}, issn = {0307-6962}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3032.1976.tb00896.x}, author = {W.B. Broughton} }