01922nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016900041210006900210520130700279653002001586653001201606653001501618653001501633100002101648700002201669700001801691856004301709 2019 eng d00aDiscovery of an acoustically locating parasitoid with a potential role in divergence of song types among sympatric populations of the bush cricket Mecopoda elongata0 aDiscovery of an acoustically locating parasitoid with a potentia3 a

The bush cricket Mecopoda elongata provides a striking example of sympatric intraspecific divergence in mating signals. Five completely dis- tinct song types are found in various parapatric and sympatric locations in South India. While there is convincing evidence that population diver- gence in M. elongata is being maintained as a result of divergence in acous- tic signals, cuticular chemical profiles, and genital characters, the causes of the evolution of such divergence in the first place are unknown. We describe the discovery of a tachinid parasitoid with an orthopteroid hear- ing mechanism affecting M. elongata. This parasitoid may have a role in driving the extraordinary divergence that had occurred among M. elongata song types. Over two years we sampled individuals of three sympatric song types in the wild and retained individuals in captivity to reveal rates of parasitization. We found that all three song types were infected with the parasitoid but that there were significant differences among song types in their probability of being infected. The probability of tachinid parasitiza- tion also differed between the two sampling periods. Therefore, it is pos- sible that parasitoid infection plays a role in song type divergence among sympatric bush cricket populations.

10acryptic species10akatydid10aspeciation10aTachinidae1 aDutta, Rochishnu1 aReddy, Manjunatha1 aTregenza, Tom uhttps://jor.pensoft.net/article/34115/02158nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245015800055210006900213260001600282300000800298490000900306520119200315653001701507653002001524653001501544653003301559653001901592653001201611100002101623700002101644700002101665700002501686700002101711700002301732700001901755700002401774856005801798 2017 eng d a1175-532600aThe Vietnamese population of Megophrys kuatunensis (Amphibia: Megophryidae) represents a new species of Asian horned frog from Vietnam and southern China0 aVietnamese population of Megophrys kuatunensis Amphibia Megophry cAug-11-2017 a4650 v43443 aThe Asian frog genus Megophrys is a diverse group of morphologically conserved, forest-dwelling frogs. The genus harbours highly localised species diversification and new species continue to be described on a regular basis. We examined the taxonomic status of a population of Megophrys frogs from the Hoang Lien Range in northern Vietnam and southern China previously identified as M. kuatunensis (subgenus Panophrys). Preliminary phylogenetic analyses using a fragment of 16S rDNA places the species in question within the Megophrys (subgenus Panophrys) species group, a primarily Chinese radiation within the genus. On the basis of morphological, molecular and bioacoustic data, we conclude that this population does not represent M. kuatunensis, or any known species in the genus. We herein describe this species of Megophrys as new. Known only from Sa Pa District, Lao Cai Province in Vietnam and Jinping County, Yunnan Province in China, the new species is likely to be threatened by ongoing deforestation in the region. We provide an updated species description of M. kuatunensis based on type specimens, and suggest that M. kuatunensis is likely to be restricted to eastern China.10abioacoustics10acryptic species10aHoang Lien10aMegophrys rubrimera sp. nov.10aSoutheast Asia10atadpole1 aTapley, Benjamin1 aCutajar, Timothy1 aMahoney, Stephen1 aNguyen, Chung, Thanh1 aDau, Vinh, Quang1 aNguyen, Tao, Thien1 aVan Luong, Hao1 aRowley, Jodi, J. L. uhttps://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4344.302493nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260001600203520166400219653002601883653001801909653001701927653002001944653002101964653003101985653002302016653003202039653002102071653001002092100002102102700002702123700001502150700001302165856004902178 2017 eng d00aAcoustic monitoring for conservation in tropical forests: examples from forest elephants0 aAcoustic monitoring for conservation in tropical forests example cJan-01-20173 a

1. The accelerating loss of biodiversity worldwide demands effective tools for monitoring animal populations and informing conservation action. In habitats where direct observation is difficult (rain forests, oceans), or for cryptic species (shy, nocturnal), passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) provides cost-effective, unbiased data collec- tion. PAM has broad applicability in terrestrial environments, particularly tropical rain forests.


2. Using examples from studies of forest elephants in Central African rainforest,we show how PAM can be used to investigate cryptic behaviour, mechanisms of communication, estimate population size, quantify threats, and assess the efficacy of conservation strategies. We discuss the methodologies, requirements, and challenges of obtaining these data using acoustics. Where applicable, we compare these methods to more traditional approaches.


3. While PAM methods and associated analysis are maturing rapidly, mechanisms are needed for processing the dense raw data efficiently with standard computer hardware, speeding development of detection algorithms, and harnessing communication networks to move data from the field to research facilities.


4. Passive acoustic monitoring is a viable and cost-effective tool for conservation and should be incorporated in monitoring schemes much more broadly. The capability to quickly assess changes in behaviour, population size, and landscape use, simultaneously over large geographical areas, makes this approach attractive for detecting human-induced impacts and for assessing the success of conservation strategies.

10aanthropogenic impacts10aanti-poaching10abioacoustics10acryptic species10adensity estimate10alaw enforcement monitoring10aLoxodonta cyclotis10apassive acoustic monitoring10asignal detection10aSMART1 aWrege, Peter, H.1 aRowland, Elizabeth, D.1 aKeen, Sara1 aShiu, Yu uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/2041-210X.12730