01204nas a2200097 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136520083300205100002401038856004401062 1978 eng d00aResonant wing systems in the Australian whistling moth Hecatesia (Agarasidae, Lepidoptera)0 aResonant wing systems in the Australian whistling moth Hecatesia3 a

DARWIN described the sound made by the forewings of the nymphalid Ageronia feronia as a click of a spring catch on a toothed wheel. Descriptions of the sounds produced by the Agarasidae, which have similarly modified forewings, have repeatedly invoked the rubbing of either the antennae or foretibia on the ribbed forewing2,3. Nicholson4 suggested that the production of sound in the whistling moth Hecatesia was percussive, with the knobs of each forewing (castanets) striking each other at the top of the flight stroke. I have confirmed the existence of such a percussive system in two species of Hecatesia. Recordings of H. exultans Walker and H. thyridion Feisthamel from the coastal sand plain of Western Australia revealed two patterns of sound corresponding to the respective flight behaviour of the two species.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/272444a000548nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260001600232300001400248490000800262100002300270700002400293856008500317 1988 eng d a0005-795900aMating System, Mate Choice and Ultrasonic Calling in a Zaprochiline Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aMating System Mate Choice and Ultrasonic Calling in a Zaprochili cJan-01-1988 a202 - 2230 v1051 aGwynne, Darryl, T.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/156853988x0002502089nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001600213300001400229490000700243520149000250100002401740700001901764856014801783 1988 eng d a0307-696200aFemale phonotaxis and frequency discrimination in the bushcricket Requena verticalis0 aFemale phonotaxis and frequency discrimination in the bushcricke cJan-12-1988 a363 - 3720 v133 a

The male bushcricket, Requena verticalis, calls with a signal containing two predominant frequencies, 16 kHz and 28 kHz. A synthesized call, made from a template of the natural call, was played to females under conditions of a two‐speaker trial on a flat arena. Orientation pathways to a speaker emitting only a 16 kHz signal were more circuitous than the pathways made by females orientating to a speaker emitting only a 28 kHz signal. Females preferred a signal with both carrier frequency peaks present within the song to a signal with only a 16 kHz or 28 kHz carrier frequency, when the signal containing a double peak was kept at equivalent absolute intensity to that with a single peak. Females chose signals containing a more powerful high frequency peak over a signal in which both peaks were balanced. For the higher peak, they were able to differentiate between frequencies with a separation of 8 kHz but not of 4 kHz. They were unable to differentiate between frequencies with a separation up to 8 kHz in the lower peak when one frequency was held at 16 kHz; however, when this frequency was held at 18 kHz, females were able to distinguish between frequencies with a difference of 4 kHz. (N.B. 18 kHz is 2 kHz above the mean value for this frequency within the natural population.) We conclude that females are choosing males on the amount of power in the higher frequency range of their song and that this may be equivalent to a close calling male in the field.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aYeoh, Paul, B. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1988.tb01118.xhttps://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3032.1988.tb01118.x02433nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165300001400234490000800248520178300256653001502039653002402054653002902078653002302107653002502130100001902155700002402174856004102198 1986 eng d00aInsect hearing in the field II. Male spacing behaviour and correlated acoustic cues in the bushcricket Mygalopsis marki0 aInsect hearing in the field II Male spacing behaviour and correl a627–6380 v1593 a

1. Distances between calling maleMygalopsis marki Bailey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) were measured in two geographically distinct populations. Mean intermale distances differed significantly in the two habitats (6.2 m and 11.5 m), but the sound pressure level of the nearest neighbour, measured at each focal male, was close to 65 dB SPL in both populations (Figs. 4, 6).

2. Using the response of an identified auditory interneuron as a ‘biological microphone’, the maximum hearing distance of males was tested. It was found to be affected by the size of the calling male, its posture, perch height and the vegetation density. Perch height alone influenced the maximum broadcast area of males by some 100%. Nearest neighbour distances were less than half the maximum hearing distances, confirming by neurophysiological methods that males do not space on threshold sensitivity to the complete call (Fig. 5).

3. The ability of the bushcricket to perceive the temporal characteristic of the call was also tested with the auditory interneuron over increasing distances from a signaller. The temporal integrity of the song was found to be maintained over the whole broadcasting area (Fig. 9).

4. The call has two energy peaks at 10 kHz and 20 kHz. The intensity of each peak attenuated differentially with increasing distance from the signaller; the low frequency component had a low variance at the nearest neighbour distance (SD: +4 dB/−6 dB) compared to the high frequency component (SD: +5 dB/−12.5 dB) (Fig. 8). The importance of the total sound pressure level and the relative intensity of the major frequency components of the song are discussed in relation to likely cues available to the male for maintaining spacing.

10aFocal Male10aFrequency Component10aHigh Frequency Component10aNeighbour Distance10aSound Pressure Level1 aRömer, Heiner1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/5313501309nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279520077300286100002001059700002401079856006001103 1985 eng d00aMale Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey in Response to Conspecific Song (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aMale Agonistic Behaviour of the Bushcricket iMygalopsis markii B cDec-01-1985 a320 - 3300 v703 a

Experiments were conducted on Mygalopsis marki Bailey to determine the response of calling males to singing intruders. By increasing the density of natural aggregations of singing males we were able to observe the behavioural responses of individuals. In high density situations, males sang from lower perches in their plant and this effect was correlated with each male's proximity to other calling males. Furthermore, to examine if resident males were affected by conspecific song, a playback technique was employed using tape recordings of M. marki song. The design of the experiment was such that when confronted with an intruder, steadily increasing the intensity of its song, resident males moved to a lower position in the plant and ceased singing.

1 aDadour, Ian, R.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1985.tb00521.x01113nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260001600221300001400237490000600251520061000257100001500867700002400882856004900906 1980 eng d a1442-998500aThe function of sound in male spacing behaviour in bush-crickets (Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera)0 afunction of sound in male spacing behaviour in bushcrickets Tett cJan-09-1980 a275 - 2860 v53 a

This paper examines the spatial dynamics of an aggregation of singing male bush‐crickets (Tettigoniidae) in respect to the degree of regularity between males. Our results establish that singing males of the genus Mygalopsis are regularly spaced within aggregations and that sound is involved in spacing. Attention is focussed on the male strategy of regular spacing within a widely dispersed aggregation in order to attract females reaching sexual maturity within the confines of that population. This is seen as an alternate to male aggregations attracting females from outside their boundary.

1 aThiele, D.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/aec/5/302016nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001300200300001100213490000800224520135300232653002401585653001701609653001201626653002001638653001401658653002401672100002501696700002401721856004101745 2002 eng d a0022-094900aTicking of the clockwork cricket: the role of the escapement mechanism.0 aTicking of the clockwork cricket the role of the escapement mech c2002 Mar a613-250 v2053 a

The 'clockwork cricket' model for cricket sound production suggests that the catch-and-release of the file of one forewing by the plectrum on the opposite wing act as an 'escapement' to provide the phasic impulses that initiate and sustain the vibration of the resonant regions of the wings from which the sounds are produced. The action of the escapement produces the familiar ticking sound of clocks. The higher-frequency components of the songs of twelve species of cricket were analysed after removing the dominant low-frequency components and amplifying the remaining higher-frequency components. In normal song pulses of all species, the higher-frequency components showed a close phase-locking to the waveform of the dominant frequency, but the amplitude of the higher-frequency components did not correlate with that at the dominant frequency. Anomalous pulses occurred spontaneously in the songs of several species: multimodal, interrupted or curtailed pulses are described. In all of these, the anomalous pulse envelope was associated with changes in the amplitude and/or instantaneous frequency of the higher-frequency components of the sound. A model of the escapement suggests that the frequency of the residual components of the song depends on the symmetry of action of the plectrum on the teeth of the file.

10aanimal vocalization10aanimal wings10aAnimals10aescape reaction10aGryllidae10aspecies specificity1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/4786800471nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176300001200245490000700257100002400264700002000288856004100308 1970 eng d00aThe Mechanics of Stridulation in Bush Crickets (Tettigonioidea, Orthoptera) II. Conditions for Resonance in the Tegminal Generator0 aMechanics of Stridulation in Bush Crickets Tettigonioidea Orthop a507-5170 v521 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aBroughton, W.B. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/4785301974nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245022700055210006900282260001600351300001600367490000700383520116600390653001201556653001301568653002501581653002101606653002401627100001601651700002401667856006501691 1997 eng d a0022-293300aSound production in primitive Orthoptera from Western Australia: sounds used in defence and social communication in Ametrus sp. and Hadrogryllacris sp. (Gryllacrididae: Orthoptera)0 aSound production in primitive Orthoptera from Western Australia  cJan-07-1997 a1127 - 11410 v313 a

Sound production in two undescribed species of Gryllacrididae belonging to the genus Ametrus sp. and Hadrogryllacris sp. takes the form of defensive stridulation and intra-specific signalling by drumming on the substrate. Defensive stridulation is produced as part of an elaborate visual display, by femoro-tergal stridulation. Two rows of spines on abdominal tergites II and III of both species are rubbed by an elongate area of tubercules on the inner femoral surface of the hind legs. Analysis showed that the motion of the leg relative to the abdomen involves a complex counter-rotation of the leg between leg and abdomen. The defensive display may be performed in day light. Social signalling in both species occurs after dark, and involves drumming on the substrate by both hind legs in loose synchrony. Drumming is rhythmic and species' specific. Males respond to playback calls and females duet with males. The evolution of this calling behaviour is discussed and comparisons are made with the other primitive ensiferan family known to produce both tergo-abdominal defensive stridulation and femoral drumming behaviour, the Stenopelmatidae.

10adefence10aduetting10asocial communication10asound production10asubstrate vibration1 aField, L.H.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293970077059100704nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001200225490000700237520027300244100002400517856004100541 1976 eng d00aSpecies isolation and song types of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess (Orthoptera Tettigonioidea) in Uganda0 aSpecies isolation and song types of the genus iRuspoliai Schulth a511-5280 v103 a

An account is given of the songs of six speciesof the tettigoniid Ruspolia Schulthess occurring in Uganda. Some comment is made on their biology and distribution. Particular emphasis is made of the song as an isolating mechanism in sympatric species.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/1726100470nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001200242490000700254100002400261700002200285856004100307 1978 eng d00aThe general biology and phenology of swarming in the East African tettigoniid Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera)0 ageneral biology and phenology of swarming in the East African te a259-2880 v121 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aMcCrae, A., W. R. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/1726000406nas a2200097 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150100002400219700002400243856004100267 1975 eng d00aA report on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve, North-west Kimberley, Western Australia0 areport on the insect fauna of the Prince Regent River Reserve No1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aRichards, Kevin, T. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/1725901470nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001600220300001400236490000800250520098900258100002401247856005301271 1967 eng d a0028-083600aFurther Investigations into the Function of the “Mirror” in Tettigonioidea (Orthoptera)0 aFurther Investigations into the Function of the Mirror in Tettig cDec-08-1967 a762 - 7630 v2153 a

From the calculations of Pierce nearly two decades ago, students of the production of sound in bush crickets have assumed the area of thin cuticle on the right tegmen known as the “mirror” to be acoustically important (Fig. 1). Pierce's attribution of a resonant function to this membrane was challenged by Broughton and Dumortier. Dumortier suggested that the whole tegmen is responsible as an acoustic coupler, not only the mirror. Broughton, working on the decticine, Metrioptera roeselii (Hagenbach), found that the frequency spectrum of one individual was not obligatorily changed by coating the mirror with a deadening film of latex. His results have stimulated further work of the same nature on two members of the Conocephalidae, Conocephalus discolor (Thunberg) and Homorocoryphus nitidulus nitidulus (Scopoli). Both these animals, like M. roeselii, have a well-defined spectrum, but their peak frequencies are at 28 kc/s and 15.5 kc/s, respectively.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/215762a000611nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245017000054210006900224260001600293300001200309490000700321100002400328700002100352700001400373856006600387 1990 eng d a0003347200aSong power, spectral distribution and female phonotaxis in the bushcricket Requena verticalis (Tettigoniidae: Orthoptera): active female choice or passive attraction0 aSong power spectral distribution and female phonotaxis in the bu cJan-07-1990 a33 - 420 v401 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aCunningham, R.J.1 aLebel, L. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720580663301489nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001600232300001200248490000700260520096100267100002401228700002201252856006901274 1986 eng d00aConfusion of Phonotaxis by Masking Sounds in the Bushcricket Conocephalus brevipennis (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)0 aConfusion of Phonotaxis by Masking Sounds in the Bushcricket Con cDec-01-1986 a19 - 280 v733 a

Female Conocephalus brevipennis, executing phonotaxis to the call of a conspecific male broadcast from a speaker, were subjected to varying levels of background sound so as to progressively mask the attracting signal. The background consisted of either random noise or the call of a sympatric congener, C. nigropleurum and was delivered from above the orienting female. Disruption of phonotaxis was assayed by monitoring the angular dispersion of the female's exit path from the arena, relative to the position of the conspecific call. Random noise significantly interfered with phonotaxis when it was within 2 dB of the conspecific call intensity, both signals measured at the centre of the arena. The equivalent effect of the call C. nigropleurum was 5 dB above conspecific call intensity. The implication of signal loss within background noise is discussed as are the possible interactive behaviours of competing sympatric syntopic species.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aMorris, Glenn, K. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.1986.73.issue-101313nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245010000054210006900154260001600223300001400239490000700253520078500260100002401045700002001069856006601089 1971 eng d a0003347200aSong as a possible isolating mechanism in the genus Homorocoryphus (Tettigonioidea, Orthoptera)0 aSong as a possible isolating mechanism in the genus Homorocoryph cJan-05-1971 a390 - 3970 v193 a

The songs of four species of the genus Homorocoryphus have been recorded in the field in the central region of Uganda. The songs differed in their syllable repetition rates. The effect of artificially produced songs, bearing a close resemblance to the natural song but with a variable repetition rate, has been tested on the activity levels of virgin females of two of the species. It was found that the females responded to the species specific repetition rate. Songs of each of the four species were tested against females of the species H. flavovirens, where a species specific response was established. The implications of the syllable repetition rate and the carrier frequency in this genus was discussed and a possible role in reproductive isolation was postulated.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aRobinson, David uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334727180022201362nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245012000054210006900174260001600243300001400259490000700273520080800280100002401088700002101112856007101133 1983 eng d a0001727200aMechanisms of Defensive Stridulation in the Bushcricket Mygalopsis marki Bailey (Copiphorini, Tettigoniidae)0 aMechanisms of Defensive Stridulation in the Bushcricket iMygalop cJan-06-1983 a117 - 1220 v643 a

The copiphorine tettigoniid Mygalopsis marki uses two acoustic defensive displays which are quite distinct from the tegminal stridulatory mechanism. Both adults and nymphs utilise a stridulation produced within the head capsule. Observation and simple experiment reveal that this sound is produced in conjunction with the passage of air into the buccal cavity. There are large trachea beneath the frons which may be associated as amplifiers of these noises. The hind wings of the adults have small downward projecting spines set in open membranous areas of the wings. When the insect is excited, these spines engage a highly specialised area of the cuticle on the dorsal terga. The production of the noise requires only slight movement of the abdomen. Its role in defense is discussed.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aSandow, John, D. uhttp://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/azo.1983.64.issue-2-301425nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001600238300001200254490000600266520090000272100002401172700002301196856004801219 1991 eng d a0892-755300aMale-male behavior and sexual dimorphism of the ear of a zaprochiline tettigoniid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aMalemale behavior and sexual dimorphism of the ear of a zaprochi cJan-01-1991 a51 - 650 v43 a

The external anatomy of the auditory system of an undescribed zaprochiline tettigoniid (Genus nov. 22 Sp. 1, Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra) shows sexual dimorphism: the male appears to have no auditory spiracle equivalent to that seen in the female. Nocturnally active males aggregate around female required nectar sources in a random manner with regard to each other. There is limited evidence, either from song interaction or from their behavior in the field, that males respond to each other by acoustic cues. Laboratory trials, testing male phonotaxis, showed that movement was random with respect to a target group of caged calling males. In the field, the only signs of agonistic behavior consisted of an increased calling rate when males were close together. Taken together, these data suggest that the male may not preceive sound in the same way as the female.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aSimmons, Leigh, W. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF0109255102014nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245013500054210006900189260001600258300001400274490000700288520145300295100002401748700001801772856006601790 1984 eng d a0003347200aAuditory acuity in the orientation behaviour of the bushcricket Pachysagella australis walker (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Saginae)0 aAuditory acuity in the orientation behaviour of the bushcricket  cJan-08-1984 a816 - 8290 v323 a

The female tettigoniid Pachysagella australis (Saginae) orients to the call of the conspecific with an angular acuity of ±5°. This acuity is mediated by sound entering to the tympanic receptors through the auditory trachea and the slits exterior to the tympanic membranes. The phonokinetic response of females was filmed in an arena. The slit system was blocked on both anterior and posterior ports with the effect that the female spiralled towards the sound source; blocking the posterior slit alone reduced the auditory acuity as did the partial occlusion of the fore slit, but in both cases the female located the male. Complete blocking of the auditory spiracle caused the insect to spiral towards the unoperated side, whereas reducing the sound input to one side by some 8–12 dB, by plugging the auditory bulla with compacted cotton wool, did not substantially affect the orientation pattern of the insect. Ablation of the tympanic organ on one side caused the female to move in a circular pattern to the unoperated side. A hypothesis is formulated whereby the female, when actively orienting to the calling male, may use the slit port system to gain a high degree of auditory acuity to sound in front of her body axis. When off target she may use the less accurate spiracular input system. This system, with its greater sensitivity to high frequency sounds, may function as an effective anti-predator warning system.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aStephen, R.O. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728480158X03485nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245011700054210006900171260001600240300000700256520300800263100002403271856005603295 1995 eng d a1082646700aCosts of Calling in Tettigoniid Orthoptera: A Case Study of Requena verticalis (Tettigoniidae: Listroscelidinae)0 aCosts of Calling in Tettigoniid Orthoptera A Case Study of Reque cJan-08-1995 a653 a

The tettigoniid Requena verticalis Walker controls the apportioning of energy between calling and spermatophylax
production during courtship and copulation. Males delay the onset of calling following mating and during this period nutrients are
mobilized to the production of a large nutrient-rich spermatophylax as well as to the production of sound. Experiments, using males
reared on high and low quality diets (Simmons et al. 1993) examined the distribution of metabolic resources during this post-copula
refractory period. An experimental set of males was allowed to call in a period immediately following copulation, while a control group
of animals was prevented from calling by waxing the wings together. Males maintain spermatophylax size, regardless of the quality
of the diet, but delayed the onset of calling; those on a high quality diet were able to invest energy into further reproduction. Contrary
to prediction, males prevented from calling did not produce a larger spermatophylax, which suggests that males control the
apportioning of energy reserves during this critical period. It is argued that where energy reserves are required for the production of
a spermatophylax, less energy may be available for calling and so calling strategies should evolve that allow for the more efficient use
of metabolic energy for sound production.


Calling efficiency is a measure of how males convert metabolic energy to sound power. Efficiency was estimated by measuring the
metabolic costs of calling and the power of sound radiation from the calling insect. Metabolic costs of calling in R. verticalis are compared
with those of conehead tettigoniids such as Neoconocephalus robustus where calling appears to require more energy per unit of sound.
The efficiency of conversion of metabolic energy to sound in R. verticalis is 6.4% while that for N. robustus is 2% (Bailey et al. 1993).
Another cost of calling is exposure by the male to acoustically orienting predators. Such predators may include tachinid flies,
insectivorous bats and predaceous females. I discuss experiments where a species of vespertilionid bat is shown to orient to the call of
R. verticalis (Hosken et al. in press). Males may also be subject to cannibalism by orienting females. I describe experiments where females
are released within 2m of calling males and where males show a high degree of female rejection. In the confines of a small container,
where each sex cannot retreat from the other, a male smaller than the female is far more likely to be eaten by the female than males paired
with females of comparable size. In this context, I discuss how male coyness (a reluctance to mate) may be due, in part, to sexual role
reversal and thereby under sexual selection, or due to female cannibalism, and thus selected through survival.

1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/3503460?origin=crossref03301nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001300225300001200238490000800250520258400258653001402842653002402856653001202880653001402892653001602906653001402922100002402936700002502960700001902985856005503004 2001 eng d a0022-094900aAcoustics of a small Australian burrowing cricket: the control of low-frequency pure-tone songs.0 aAcoustics of a small Australian burrowing cricket the control of c2001 Aug a2827-410 v2043 a

For most insects, size determines the call frequency. This paper describes the acoustics of a small brachypterous cricket (Rufocephalus sp.; body length 9.6 mm) producing a call with a carrier frequency of approximately 3.2 kHz from a subterranean burrow. Crickets such as Gryllus campestris are approximately twice this length and produce a call frequency close to 5 kHz. The burrow of Rufocephalus opens via a small hole with a diameter of 3.2 mm. The neck of the hole at approximately 1.4 mm depth opens to a vertical two-part burrow with an upper vase-shaped chamber 16.1 mm in height with a diameter of 9.4 mm. This top chamber connects via a 6.4mm high (diameter 5.2 mm) neck to a more irregular chamber approximately 18 mm high with a width of approximately 11 mm. The walls of the top chamber neck and of the upper part of the lower chamber are smooth and appear to be sealed with saliva. The song has a mean centre frequency of 3.2 kHz and is made up of variable-length trills of pulses of mean duration 15.8 ms. Many song pulses had smooth envelopes and their frequency did not vary by more than +/-40Hz from the centre frequency, with a relative bandwidth Q-3dB of over 50. Other pulses showed considerable amplitude and frequency modulation within the pulse. When driven by external sound, burrows resonated at a mean frequency of 3.5 kHz with a mean quality factor Q of 7.4. Natural-size model burrows resonated at similar frequencies with similar Q values. One cricket, which had previously called from its own burrow at 2.95 kHz, sang at 3.27 kHz from a burrow that resonated at the same frequency. Life-size model burrows driven by external sound resonated at similar frequencies to the actual burrows; models three times life size resonated at one-third of this frequency. In all models, the sound pressure was more-or-less constant throughout the top chamber but fell rapidly in the neck of the burrow; the phase of the sound was effectively constant in the top chamber and neck and fell through approximately 180 degrees in passing from the neck into the lower chamber. A numerical model of the sound flow from region to region gave essentially similar results. A resonant electrical model fed from a high-impedance source with discrete tone bursts at different frequencies showed similar amplitude and frequency modulation to the various types of song pulses that were observed. It is suggested that the high purity of the songs results from close entrainment of the sound-producing mechanism of the insect's wings to the sharply resonant burrow.

10aacoustics10aanimal vocalization10aAnimals10aAustralia10aenvironment10aGryllidae1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aFletcher, N, H uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/content/204/16/2827.long01298nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007600041210006900117300001000186490000700196520087700203100002401080700001901104856004101123 1977 eng d00aAcoustic Orientation in the Cricket Teleogryllus Oceanicus (Le Guillou)0 aAcoustic Orientation in the Cricket Teleogryllus Oceanicus Le Gu a61-750 v673 a

New information is presented on acoustic orientation in crickets following a comparison between as species with a discontinuous song pattern, Scapsepidus maginatus (Murphet & Zaretsky, 1972) and one with a continuous osng pattern, Teleogrylluys oceanicus. The females acuity for side discrimination is ±10° from the body axis whereas total phonokinetic response shows a greater degree of error. Females can scan their turn angle to target angles beneath 60°. Error is expressed in terms of information loss through the total behavioural sequence. The cricket does not orient while moving, requires no fixed leg position during the stop for effective orientation and can establish source direction on the basis of at least two syllables. Evidence of differential anterioir and posterior tympanic membrane function is suggested.

1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aThomson, Peter uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/1720400401nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001200207490000700219100002400226856004100250 1975 eng d00aA review of the African Species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess [Orthoptera Tettigonioidea]0 areview of the African Species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess O a171-2260 v371 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/16408