02209nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001300041245006600054210006500120260001600185300001200201490000800213520132800221653002001549653001301569653002001582653001701602653002801619653001801647100002601665700002201691700002101713856023301734       2018                        eng d  a0003347200aCognitive constraints on optimal foraging in frog-eating bats0 aCognitive constraints on optimal foraging in frogeating bats  cJan-09-2018  a43 - 500 v1433 a<p>Animals are expected to optimize energy intake when choosing between different foraging options. A common explanation for deviations from optimal economic decisions is that there is an imperfect relationship between physical reality and an animal&#39;s perceptual processes, which can constrain assessment of profitability. One such phenomenon that is apparently ubiquitous across taxa is proportional processing, where a perceived change in a stimulus is proportional to the change in stimulus magnitude. In this study, we investigated whether proportional processing explains how frog-eating bats, Trachops cirrhosus, discriminate between patches of frog choruses that vary in their number of calling frogs. To test this, we created artificial choruses consisting of one to six calling frogs. In the flight cage, we then tested the preference of bats (N = 17) with every pairwise combination of chorus size. We found that while bats generally preferred larger choruses, preferences for larger choruses were better explained by the relative, not absolute, differences in chorus sizes. This indicates that T. cirrhosus is perceptually limited in its ability to discriminate between choruses of varying size as the choruses increase in size. Foragers are likely to be less choosy when choosing among larger patches.</p>
10aDecision making10aforaging10afrog-eating bat10apatch choice10aproportional processing10atúngara frog1 aHemingway, Claire, T.1 aRyan, Michael, J.1 aPage, Rachel, A.  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302227https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302227?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302227?httpAccept=text/plain02691nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001300041245010700054210006900161260001600230300001400246490000800260520184100268653001202109653001602121653002602137653002702163653002102190653002102211653001802232653001402250100001902264700002102283700002202304700002102326856006602347       2017                        eng d  a0003347200aInteractions between complex multisensory signal components result in unexpected mate choice responses0 aInteractions between complex multisensory signal components resu  cJan-12-2017  a239 - 2470 v1343 a<p>Multimodal (multisensory) signalling is common in many species and often facilitates communication. How receivers integrate individual signal components of multisensory displays, especially with regard to variance in signal complexity, has received relatively little attention. In nature, male t&uacute;ngara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, produce multisensory courtship signals by vocalizing and presenting their inflating and deflating vocal sac as a visual cue. Males can produce a simple call (whine only) or a complex call (whine &thorn; one or more chucks). In a series of two-choice experiments, we tested female preferences for variation in acoustic call complexity and amplitude (unimodal signals). We then tested preferences for the same calls when a dynamic robotic frog was added to one call, generating a multi- modal stimulus. Females preferred a complex call to a simple call; when both calls contained at least one chuck, additional numbers of chucks did not further increase attractiveness. When calls contained zero or one chuck, the visual stimulus of the robofrog increased call attractiveness. When calls contained multiple chucks, however, the visual component failed to enhance call attractiveness. Females also preferred higher amplitude calls and the addition of the visual component to a lower amplitude call did not alter this preference. At relatively small amplitude differences, however, the visual signal increased overall discrimination between the calls. These results indicate that the visual signal component does not provide simple enhancement of call attractiveness. Instead, females integrate multisensory components in a nonlinear fashion. The resulting perception and behavioural response to complex signals probably evolved in response to animals that communicate in noisy environments.</p>
10aanurans10amate choice10amultimodal signalling10anonlinear interactions10asexual selection10asignal weighting10atúngara frog10avocal sac1 aStange, Nicole1 aPage, Rachel, A.1 aRyan, Michael, J.1 aTaylor, Ryan, C.  uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721630121X