02309nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260001600209300001400225490000800239520163900247653003501886653002101921653001401942653002301956653002401979100001802003700001902021856005102040 1999 eng d a0952-836900aAcoustic signals in cicada courtship behaviour (order Hemiptera, genus Tibicina)0 aAcoustic signals in cicada courtship behaviour order Hemiptera g cJan-01-1999 a217 - 2240 v2623 a

During pair formation, cicadas produce acoustic signals that allow sexual partners to meet. The male is generally the emitter, producing calling songs at long range and courtship songs at short range, and the female generally the receiver. The male–female courtship behaviour of seven taxa belonging to the Palaearctic genus Tibicina is described here for the first time. Male courtship songs consisted of a succession of groups of pulses arranged in two sub‐groups. They were short in duration with strong amplitude variations. In all taxa, courtship songs were preceded by a series of 1–5 audible wing‐flicks. Differences in courtship song structure between two pairs of sympatric species, respectively T. corsica corsica/T. nigronervosa and T. corsica fairmairei/T. tomentosa, suggest that courtship signals could act as distinctive species mating recognition systems. In response to male acoustic signalling, females of T. c. corsica, T. c. fairmairei and T. nigronervosa produced audible wing‐flicks such that both sexes established an acoustic duet ending in physical contact. In addition, males and females of T. tomentosa produced silent wing‐flicks, a previously unknown behaviour, which could facilitate pheromone diffusion. Females did not exhibit a species‐specific temporal pattern in acoustic reply to male courtship song and female wing‐flick behaviour does not seem necessary for pair formation. Nevertheless, this strategy through male and female signalling ensured a reciprocal phonotactic approach that probably enhanced the likelihood for the two sexes to meet in complex habitats.

10aaudible and silent wing-flicks10acicadas Tibicina10acourtship10amale–female duet10asound communication1 aSueur, Jerome1 aAubin, Thierry uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1017/S095283690300468002157nas a2200289 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001200184520132500196653002401521653001101545653001501556653002301571653001501594653002001609100001701629700001801646700002701664700001901691700001901710700001801729700002601747700002201773700001701795700001801812856003701830 2018 eng d00aFreshwater ecoacoustics as a tool for continuous ecosystem monitoring0 aFreshwater ecoacoustics as a tool for continuous ecosystem monit c03/20183 a

Abstract
Passive acoustic monitoring is gaining popularity in ecology as a practical and non‐invasive approach to surveying ecosystems. This technique is increasingly being used to monitor terrestrial systems, particularly bird populations, given that it can help to track temporal dynamics of populations and ecosystem health without the need for expensive resampling. We suggest that underwater acoustic monitoring presents a viable, non‐invasive, and largely unexplored approach to monitoring freshwater ecosystems, yielding information about three key ecological elements of aquatic environments – (1) fishes, (2) macroinvertebrates, and (3) physicochemical processes – as well as providing data on anthropogenic noise levels. We survey the literature on this approach, which is substantial but scattered across disciplines, and call for more cross‐disciplinary work on recording and analysis techniques. We also discuss technical issues and knowledge gaps, including background noise, spatiotemporal variation, and the need for centralized reference collection repositories. These challenges need to be overcome before the full potential of passive acoustics in dynamic detection of biophysical processes can be realized and used to inform conservation practitioners and managers.

10aanthropogenic noise10afishes10afreshwater10amacroinvertebrates10amonitoring10aphysicochemical1 aLinke, Simon1 aGifford, Toby1 aDesjonquères, Camille1 aTonolla, Diego1 aAubin, Thierry1 aBarclay, Leah1 aKaraconstantis, Chris1 aKennard, Mark, J.1 aRybak, Fanny1 aSueur, Jerome uhttps://doi.org/10.1002/fee.177903179nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001300041245011000054210006900164260001600233300001400249490000700263520236200270653002302632653002702655653002502682653003402707653001302741100002702754700001902781700001802800700002302818700001802841856006602859 2018 eng d a1470160X00aEstimating animal acoustic diversity in tropical environments using unsupervised multiresolution analysis0 aEstimating animal acoustic diversity in tropical environments us cJan-07-2018 a346 - 3550 v903 a

Ecoacoustic monitoring has proved to be a viable approach to capture ecological data related to animal communities. While experts can manually annotate audio samples, the analysis of large datasets can be significantly facilitated by automatic pattern recognition methods. Unsupervised learning methods, which do not require labelled data, are particularly well suited to analyse poorly documented habitats, such as tropical environments. Here we propose a new method, named Multiresolution Analysis of Acoustic Diversity (MAAD), to automate the detection of relevant structure in audio data. MAAD was designed to decompose the acoustic community into few elementary components (soundtypes) based on their time–frequency attributes. First, we used the short-time Fourier transform to detect regions of interest (ROIs) in the time–frequency domain. Then, we characterised these ROIs by (1) estimating the median frequency and (2) by running a 2D wavelet analysis at multiple scales and angles. Finally, we grouped the ROIs using a model-based subspace clustering technique so that ROIs were automatically annotated and clustered into soundtypes. To test the performance of the automatic method, we applied MAAD to two distinct tropical environments in French Guiana, a lowland high rainforest and a rock savanna, and we compared manual and automatic annotations using the adjusted Rand index. The similarity between the manual and automated partitions was high and consistent, indicating that the clusters found are intelligible and can be used for further analysis. Moreover, the weight of the features estimated by the clustering process revealed important information about the structure of the acoustic communities. In particular, the median frequency had the strongest effect on modelling the clusters and on classification performance, suggesting a role in community organisation. The number of clusters found in MAAD can be regarded as an estimation of the soundtype richness in a given environment. MAAD is a comprehensive and promising method to automatically analyse passive acoustic recordings. Combining MAAD and manual analysis would maximally exploit the strengths of both human reasoning and computer algorithms. Thereby, the composition of the acoustic community could be estimated accurately, quickly and at large scale.

10aAcoustic community10aEcoacoustic monitoring10aNocturnal soundscape10aUnsupervised machine learning10aWavelets1 aUlloa, Juan, Sebastian1 aAubin, Thierry1 aLlusia, Diego1 aBouveyron, Charles1 aSueur, Jerome uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X1830181X02020nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260001600202300001400218490000700232520133100239653002701570653001401597653001401611653002601625653002601651653002101677100001801698700001901716856005501735 2006 eng d a0028-104200aWhen males whistle at females: complex FM acoustic signals in cockroaches0 aWhen males whistle at females complex FM acoustic signals in coc cJan-10-2006 a500 - 5050 v933 a

Male cockroaches of the species Elliptorhina chopardi expel air through a pair of modified abdominal spiracles during courtship. This air expulsion simultaneously produces air and substrate-borne vibrations. We described and compared in details these two types of vibrations. Our analysis of the air-borne signals shows that males can produce three categories of signals with distinct temporal and frequency parameters. “Pure whistles” consist of two independent harmonic series fast frequency modulated with independent harmonics that can cross each other. “Noisy whistles” also possess two independent voices but include a noisy broad-band frequency part in the middle. Hiss sounds are more noise-like, being made of a broad-band frequency spectrum. All three call types are unusually high in dominant frequency (>5 kHz) for cockroaches. The substrate-borne signals are categorised similarly. Some harmonics of the substrate-borne signals were filtered out, however, making the acoustic energy centered on fewer frequency bands. Our analysis shows that cockroach signals are complex, with fast frequency modulations and two distinct voices. These results also readdress the question of what system could potentially receive and decode the information contained within such complex sounds.

10aacoustic communication10aCockroach10acourtship10aElliptorhina chopardi10afrequency modulations10atwo-voice system1 aSueur, Jerome1 aAubin, Thierry uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00114-006-0135-902380nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245010700054210006900161260001600230300001400246490000800260520177200268100001902040700002202059700002702081856010202108 2014 eng d a1610192800aSpecies Identity Coding by the Song of a Rainforest Warbler: An Adaptation to Long-Range Transmission?0 aSpecies Identity Coding by the Song of a Rainforest Warbler An A cJan-07-2014 a748 - 7580 v1003 a

In tropical forest, visual communication is limited by obstacles and birds use mainly the acoustic channel to communicate at long range. However, in this dense vegetation environment, sounds may be greatly altered during transmission overdistance. To be e ff ecti ve,information transfer must rely upon parameters resistant to degra- dation, e.g., aslowly-modulated and low-pitched signal. Nevertheless, acommon bird of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, the White-bro wed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblep harus (Oscines, Parulidae ), presents aterritorial song having the opposite characteristics: awide frequenc yband and high-pitched signal. Thus, the aim of our study wastocharacterize the propag ation-induced modifi cations of this signal, and to identify its species-specifi ccod- ing parameters. According to propag ation experiments performed in the field at di ff erent distances, it appears that the signal is particularly sensiti ve to degradation through the vegetation: the fineacoustic structures (rapid frequenc yand amplitude modulations )are strongly modifi ed, and the highest pitched notes tend to disappear at a relati vely short distance (about 25 m).Playback experiments showthat, for species-specifi crecognition, birds use the only feature that is resistant to degradation, i.e., the overall slowfrequenc ymodulation of the song phrase, and ignore those parameters sensiti ve to propag ation distance. Moreo ver, birds do not need to hear the whole song, apart of it being su ffi cient to elicit abehavioural response. Thus, in spite of its structure, the song of the White- browed Warbler succeeds in conveying, overalong range (more than 100m )and through the dense vegetation, the information required for species- specifi crecognition.

1 aAubin, Thierry1 aMathevon, Nicolas1 ada Silva, Maria, Luisa uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=1610-1928&volume=100&issue=4&spage=74801245nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006500121260001600186300001400202490000700216520072400223100001800947700001900965700002200984856006901006 2008 eng d a0952-462200aSeewave, a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis0 aSeewave a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis cJan-01-2008 a213 - 2260 v183 a

We review Seewave, new software for analysing and synthesizing sounds. Seewave is free and works on a wide variety of operating systems as an extension of the R operating environment. Its current 67 functions allow the user to achieve time, amplitude and frequency analyses, to estimate quantitative differences between sounds, and to generate new sounds for playback experiments. Thanks to its implementation in the R environment, Seewave is fully modular. All functions can be combined for complex data acquisition and graphical output, they can be part of important scripts for batch processing and they can be modified ad libitum. New functions can also be written, making Seewave a truly open-source tool.

1 aSueur, Jerome1 aAubin, Thierry1 aSimonis, Caroline uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09524622.2008.9753600