02590nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164520206400233100002102297700001902318700001802337700001902355700001602374856005402390 2019 eng d00aVocal individuality of Holstein-Friesian cattle is maintained across putatively positive and negative farming contexts0 aVocal individuality of HolsteinFriesian cattle is maintained acr3 a

Cattle mother-offspring contact calls encode individual-identity information; however, it is unknown whether cattle are able to maintain individuality when vocalising to familiar conspecifics over other positively and negatively valenced farming contexts. Accordingly, we recorded 333 high-frequency vocalisations from 13 Holstein-Friesian heifers during oestrus and anticipation of feed (putatively positive), as well as denied feed access and upon both physical and physical & visual isolation from conspecifics (putatively negative). We measured 21 source-related and nonlinear vocal parameters and stepwise discriminant function analyses (DFA) were performed. Calls were divided into positive (n = 170) and negative valence (n = 163) with each valence acting as a ‘training set’ to classify calls in the oppositely valenced ‘test set’. Furthermore, MANOVAs were conducted to determine which vocal parameters were implicated in individual distinctiveness. Within the putatively positive ‘training set’, the cross-validated DFA correctly classified 68.2% of the putatively positive calls and 52.1% of the putatively negative calls to the correct individual, respectively. Within the putatively negative ‘training set’, the cross-validated DFA correctly assigned 60.1% of putatively negative calls and 49.4% of putatively positive calls to the correct individual, respectively. All DFAs exceeded chance expectations indicating that vocal individuality of high-frequency calls is maintained across putatively positive and negative valence, with all vocal parameters except subharmonics responsible for this individual distinctiveness. This study shows that cattle vocal individuality of high-frequency calls is stable across different emotionally loaded farming contexts. Individual distinctiveness is likely to attract social support from conspecifics, and knowledge of these individuality cues could assist farmers in detecting individual cattle for welfare or production purposes.

1 aGreen, Alexandra1 aClark, Cameron1 aFavaro, Livio1 aLomax, Sabrina1 aReby, David uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-54968-402456nas a2200229 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260001600217300001300233490000700246520173400253100001901987700001902006700002402025700001902049700002702068700002402095700002202119700001702141700001602158856005202174 2018 eng d00aCall and be counted! Can we reliably estimate the number of callers in the indri's (Indri indri) song?0 aCall and be counted Can we reliably estimate the number of calle cMar-08-2018 ae02016640 v133 a

Estimating the number of animals participating in a choral display may contribute reliable information on animal population estimates, particularly when environmental or behavioral factors restrict the possibility of visual surveys. Difficulties in providing a reliable estimate of the number of singers in a chorus are many (e.g., background noise masking, overlap). In this work, we contributed data on the vocal chorusing of the indri lemurs (Indri indri), which emit howling cries, known as songs, uttered by two to five individuals. We examined whether we could estimate the number of emitters in a chorus by screening the fundamental frequency in the spectrograms and the total duration of the songs, and the reliability of those methods when compared to the real chorus size. The spectrographic investigation appears to provide reliable information on the number of animals participating in the chorusing only when this number is limited to two or three singers. We also found that the Acoustic Complexity Index positively correlated with the real chorus size, showing that an automated analysis of the chorus may provide information about the number of singers. We can state that song duration shows a correlation with the number of emitters but also shows a remarkable variation that remains unexplained. The accuracy of the estimates can reflect the high variability in chorus size, which could be affected by group composition, season and context. In future research, a greater focus on analyzing frequency change occurring during these collective vocal displays should improve our ability to detect individuals and allow a finer tuning of the acoustic methods that may serve for monitoring chorusing mammals.

1 aTorti, Valeria1 aValente, Daria1 aDe Gregorio, Chiara1 aComazzi, Carlo1 aMiaretsoa, Longondraza1 aRatsimbazafy, Jonah1 aGiacoma, Cristina1 aGamba, Marco1 aReby, David uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020166402327nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245007100054210006900125260001600194300001200210490000800222520161100230653001401841653002601855653002801881653001001909653001801919653002401937100001801961700002401979700001602003856006602019 2017 eng d a0003347200aTennis grunts communicate acoustic cues to sex and contest outcome0 aTennis grunts communicate acoustic cues to sex and contest outco cJan-08-2017 a47 - 550 v1303 a

Despite their ubiquity in human behaviour, the communicative functions of nonverbal vocalizations remain poorly understood. Here, we analysed the acoustic structure of tennis grunts, nonverbal vocal- izations produced in a competitive context. We predicted that tennis grunts convey information about the vocalizer and context, similar to nonhuman vocal displays. Speci fi cally, we tested whether the fundamental frequency (F0) of tennis grunts conveys static cues to a player's sex, height, weight, and age, and covaries dynamically with tennis shot type (a proxy of body posture) and the progress and outcome of male and female professional tennis contests. We also performed playback experiments (using natural and resynthesized stimuli) to assess the perceptual relevance of tennis grunts. The F0 of tennis grunts predicted player sex, but not age or body size. Serve grunts had higher F0 than forehand and backhand grunts, grunts produced later in contests had higher F0 than those produced earlier, and grunts produced during contests that players won had a lower F0 than those produced during lost contests. This difference in F0 between losses and wins emerged early in matches, and did not change in magnitude as the match progressed, suggesting a possible role of physiological and/or psychological factors manifesting early or even before matches. Playbacks revealed that listeners use grunt F0 to infer sex and contest outcome. These fi ndings indicate that tennis grunts communicate information about both the vocalizer and contest, consistent with nonhuman mammal vocalizations.

10adominance10afundamental frequency10anonverbal vocalizations10apitch10atennis grunts10avocal communication1 aRaine, Jordan1 aPisanski, Katarzyna1 aReby, David uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217301975