02317nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001400252490000800266520167100274100001401945700001601959700001701975700001701992700001902009700001402028700001602042856004102058       2019                        eng d  a0003347200aPerformance of Doppler shift compensation in bats varies with species rather than with environmental clutter0 aPerformance of Doppler shift compensation in bats varies with sp  cJan-12-2019  a109 - 1200 v1583 a<p>The performance of vocal motor control is crucial for vocal communication; however, its evolution and ecological drivers are largely unknown. Doppler shift compensation (DSC), which has been found only in bats, represents an excellent model for studying the mechanisms and evolution of vocal control. We tested whether species that are more dependent on DSC for pulse&ndash;echo separation have a more precise DSC and whether changes in environmental clutter would result in adjustments in DSC performance. We recorded the echolocation and flight behaviour of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, and the great leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros armiger, flying through a corridor and a window in turn. The DSC precision in H. armiger was significantly lower than that of R. ferrumequinum; the offset between the reference frequency and resting frequency, however, was not significantly different between the two species. We also studied the DSC of H. armiger flying through windows of different sizes. Their flight speed decreased significantly with reduced window size. However, DSC precision and the offset did not vary significantly with window size. Our results suggest that DSC is more precise in rhinolophids, which have a higher demand for pulse&ndash;echo separation by DSC, than in hipposiderids. Changes in environmental clutter do not necessarily result in adjustments of DSC performance. Functional importance associated with high-performance vocal control may be critical in shaping the precision of vocal control in the course of evolution. Instead, habitat clutter encountered by vocalizing animals may not play an important role.</p>
1 aZhang, Yu1 aLin, Aiqing1 aDing, Jianan1 aYang, Xinyao1 aJiang, Tinglei1 aLiu, Ying1 aFeng, Jiang  uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/5788401931nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001600214300001600230490000800246520137800254100001701632700001601649700001501665700001801680856005101698       2017                        eng d  a0001-496600aHorseshoe bats and Old World leaf-nosed bats have two discrete types of pinna motions0 aHorseshoe bats and Old World leafnosed bats have two discrete ty  cJan-05-2017  a3011 - 30170 v1413 a<p>Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) and the related Old World leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae) both show conspicuous pinna motions as part of their biosonar behaviors. In the current work, the kinematics of these motions in one species from each family (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Hipposideros armiger) has been analyzed quantitatively using three-dimensional tracking of landmarks placed on the pinna. The pinna motions that were observed in both species fell into two categories: In &ldquo;rigid rotations&rdquo; motions the geometry of the pinna was preserved and only its orientation in space was altered. In &ldquo;open&ndash;close motions&rdquo; the geometry of the pinna was changed which was evident in a change of the distances between the landmark points. A linear discriminant analysis showed that motions from both categories could be separated without any overlap in the analyzed data set. Hence, bats from both species have two separate types of pinna motions with apparently no transitions between them. The deformations associated with open&ndash;close pinna motions in Hipposideros armiger were found to be substantially larger compared to the wavelength associated with the largest pulse energy than in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (137% vs 99%). The role of the two different motions in the biosonar behaviors of the animals remains to be determined.</p>
1 aYin, Xiaoyan1 aQiu, Peiwen1 aYang, Lili1 aMüller, Rolf  uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.4982042