02251nas a2200313 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133520124800202653002801450653001701478653003201495653001501527100002701542700002801569700001801597700002301615700003001638700002201668700002101690700002801711700002201739700002101761700001701782700002801799700002601827700002201853700001901875856004301894 2018 eng d00aIt's time to listen: there is much to be learned from the sounds of tropical ecosystems0 aIts time to listen there is much to be learned from the sounds o3 a

Knowledge that can be gained from acoustic data collection in tropical ecosystems is low-hanging fruit. There is every reason to recordand with every day, there are fewer excuses not to do it. In recent years, the cost of acoustic recorders has decreased substantially(some can be purchased for under US$50, e.g., Hillet  al.2018) and the technology needed to store and analyze acoustic data is contin-uously improving (e.g., Corrada Bravoet  al.2017, Xieet  al.2017). Soundscape recordings provide a permanent record of a site at agiven time and contain a wealth of invaluable and irreplaceable information. Although challenges remain, failure to collect acoustic datanow in tropical ecosystems would represent a failure to future generations of tropical researchers and the citizens that benefit fromecological research. In this commentary, we (1) argue for the need to increase acoustic monitoring in tropical systems; (2) describe thetypes of research questions and conservation issues that can be addressed with passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) using both short-and long-term data in terrestrial and freshwater habitats; and (3) present an initial plan for establishing a global repository of tropical recordings.

10aconservation technology10aecoacoustics10apassive acoustic monitoring10aSoundscape1 aDeichmann, Jessica, L.1 aAcevedo-Charry, Orlando1 aBarclay, Leah1 aBurivalova, Zuzana1 aCampos-Cerqueira, Marconi1 ad'Horta, Fernando1 aGame, Edward, T.1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aHart, Patrick, J.1 aKalan, Ammie, K.1 aLinke, Simon1 aNascimento, Leandro, Do1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C.1 aStaaterman, Erica1 aAide, Mitchell uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/btp.1259301448nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096260005800151490002600209520084100235653002501076653002301101653002901124653001501153100002801168700002901196856004101225 2018 eng d00aIoT Platform for Soundscape Monitoring in Colombia0 aIoT Platform for Soundscape Monitoring in Colombia aCali, ColombiabPontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali0 vMaster on Engineering3 a

Soundscape monitoring is a method used to assess the state of ecosystems. This new approach has advanced with technology. However, it still has many aspects to improve, such as the dif- ficult equipment maintenance, the cumbersome processing of thousands of hours of recording, and the strenuous task of analyzing acoustic information. This project presents the design and implementation of a system based on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) for the soundscape monitoring, which automates and simplifies the process of capturing acoustic information. The method of harmonic functions is used to reduce the cost of memory and energy in the embedded system. As a result, it was possible to implement a platform that allows to monitor several geo- graphic points simultaneously, with a lower cost than current technologies.

10aBioacoustics indices10aHarmonic functions10aInternet of Things (IoT)10aSoundscape1 aPrada, Luis, Alfredo Qu1 aMuñoz, Jhon, Jairo Vald uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/id/node/5342202461nas a2200289 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260001600216520156100232653002401793653002101817653001401838653002801852653002501880653001701905653001501922653001801937100003001955700002101985700001802006700002202024700001702046700002302063700002502086700001902111856004102130 2018 eng d00aOptimization of sensor deployment for acoustic detection and localization in terrestrial environments0 aOptimization of sensor deployment for acoustic detection and loc cJun-10-20193 a

The rapid evolution in miniaturization, power efficiency and affordability of acoustic sensors, combined with new innovations in smart capability, are vastly expanding opportunities in ground-level monitoring for wildlife conservation at a regional scale using massive sensor grids. Optimal placement of environmen- tal sensors and probabilistic localization of sources have previously been consid- ered only in theory, and not tested for terrestrial acoustic sensors. Conservation applications conventionally model detection as a function of distance. We developed probabilistic algorithms for near-optimal placement of sensors, and for localization of the sound source as a function of spatial variation in sound pressure. We employed a principled-GIS tool for mapping soundscapes to test the methods on a tropical-forest case study using gunshot sensors. On hilly ter- rain, near-optimal placement halved the required number of sensors compared to a square grid. A test deployment of acoustic devices matched the predicted success in detecting gunshots, and traced them to their local area. The methods are applicable to a broad range of target sounds. They require only an empirical estimate of sound-detection probability in response to noise level, and a sound- scape simulated from a topographic habitat map. These methods allow conser- vation biologists to plan cost-effective deployments for measuring target sounds, and to evaluate the impacts of sub-optimal sensor placements imposed by access or cost constraints, or multipurpose uses.

10aacoustic monitoring10aacoustic sensors10aAudioMoth10aBiodiversity monitoring10aecosystem management10aoptimisation10aSoundscape10asubmodularity1 aPiña-Covarrubias, Evelyn1 aHill, Andrew, P.1 aPrince, Peter1 aSnaddon, Jake, L.1 aRogers, Alex1 aDoncaster, Patrick1 aPettorelli, Nathalie1 aGuillard, Jean uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/rse2.9703188nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001400252490000700266520214000273653002002413653001902433653001002452653002302462653001502485653002402500100003002524700002202554700002802576700002102604700002602625700002602651856023302677 2018 eng d a1470160X00aAssessing biological and environmental effects of a total solar eclipse with passive multimodal technologies0 aAssessing biological and environmental effects of a total solar  cJan-12-2018 a353 - 3690 v953 a

On 21 August 2017, a total solar eclipse crossed the continental United States, providing a unique natural experiment to observe how wildlife and plants respond to rapid and drastic changes in photic conditions using a multi-modal suite of tools. We installed passive time-lapse and infrared cameras, sound recorders, and data loggers in the Central Platte River Valley of Nebraska to study this phenomenon. The eclipse lasted about three hours, and complete obscuration of the sun (totality) lasted for about 2 min and 30 sec. Light values, measured with time-lapse camera systems, decreased 67% on average during totality relative to the daily mean light value. Ambient temperatures decreased by 6.7 °C on average (12% of the daily mean) approximately 11–16 min after totality; concurrently, humidity increased by an average of 12% of the daily mean. We found evidence for altered acoustic activity in response to the eclipse, including site and species-specific changes in the call activities of late season breeding birds and insects in the orders orthoptera and hemiptera. In addition, acoustic indices were differentially correlated with changes in photic and thermal conditions. However, we did not observe changes in flowering plants nor detect bat activity at known night roost and foraging areas. Historically, observations during rare occurrences, such as a total solar eclipse, were anecdotal or limited in scope, and thus, how they changed the light, sound, and meteorological conditions on the landscape were difficult to validate and measure. In comparison, anthropogenic disturbances, including impacts from light pollution and climate change, often take place slowly over long periods, and therefore, can be complex and challenging to assess. Documentation of this stochastic occurrence, with an immediate change in environmental conditions, highlights the utility of passive multimedia technologies to increase our capacity to monitor ecosystem dynamics and chronicle the variations of abiotic properties of a landscape and concomitant responses of organisms with varying sensory abilities.

10aAnimal response10aimage analysis10aLight10aPassive monitoring10aSoundscape10aTotal solar eclipse1 aBuckley, Emma, M. Brinley1 aCaven, Andrew, J.1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aHarner, Mary, J.1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C.1 aForsberg, Michael, L. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X18305375https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1470160X18305375?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1470160X18305375?httpAccept=text/plain02697nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233520187100249653002502120653001602145653001902161653002002180653001502200653001302215100001902228700002802247700002202275700001602297700001702313700002002330700002602350856005502376 2018 eng d a0921-297300aSoundscapes reveal disturbance impacts: biophonic response to wildfire in the Sonoran Desert Sky Islands0 aSoundscapes reveal disturbance impacts biophonic response to wil cOct-07-20183 a

Context
While remote sensing imagery is effective for quantifying land cover changes across large areas, its utility for directly assessing the response of animals to disturbance is limited. Soundscapes approaches— the recording and analysis of sounds in a landscape— could address this shortcoming.

Objectives
In 2011, a massive wildfire named ‘‘the Horseshoe 2 Burn’’ occurred in the Chiricahua National Monument, Arizona, USA. We evaluated the impact of this wildfire on acoustic activity of animal communities.

Methods
In 2013, soundscape recordings were col- lected over 9 months in 12 burned and 12 non-burned sites in four ecological systems. The seasonal and diel biological acoustic activity were described using the ‘‘Bioacoustic Index’’, a detailed aural analysis of sound sources, and a new tool called ‘‘Sonic Time- lapse Builder’’ (STLB).


Results
Seasonal biophony phenology showed a diurnal peak in June and a nocturnal peak in October in all ecological systems. On June mornings, acoustic activity was lower at burned than at non-burned sites in three of four ecological systems, due to a decreased abundance of cicadas directly impacted by the death of trees. Aural analyses revealed that 55% of recordings from non-burned sites contained insect sounds com- pared to 18% from burned sites. On October nights, orthopteran activity was more prevalent at some burned sites, possibly due to post-fire emergence of herbaceous.

Conclusions
Soundscape approaches can help address long-term conservation issues involving the responses of animal communities to wildfire. Acoustic methods can serve as a valuable complement to remote sensing for disturbance-based landscape management.

10aConservation biology10adisturbance10aRemote sensing10aSonic timelapse10aSoundscape10aWildfire1 aGasc, Amandine1 aGottesman, Benjamin, L.1 aFrancomano, Dante1 aJung, Jinha1 aDurham, Mark1 aMateljak, Jason1 aPijanowski, Bryan, C. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-018-0675-302981nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001800041245009800059210006900157300000800226520217600234653001402410653001802424653003102442653001302473653002402486653002502510653002602535653003802561653001002599653001802609653001502627100001802642856006702660 2018 eng d a978035566050000aImpacts of Ambient Noise on Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) Habitat Use and Behavior0 aImpacts of Ambient Noise on Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostra a1713 a

This study examines the soundscape of minke whale habitat in the Scottish Inner Hebrides around the islands of Mull, Coll and Muck and near the Ardnamurchan Peninsula of the Scottish mainland. To compare the soundscape with minke whale presence and behavior, acoustic recordings were paired with behavior and respiration data. Acoustic recordings were taken using a Soundtrap 300, deployed from a whale watching vessel. Data was taken from June - September 2016. The soundscape was analyzed by comparing power spectral density averaged into octave bands (center frequencies from 16 Hz – 128 kHz). The soundscape of the region is ephemeral, with some locations having very different acoustic patterns depending on transient animal and human activity. Humans contribute to the soundscape through movement of small ships and dredging. Notable biological contributors to the soundscape include dolphins and snapping shrimp. Outside the island of Coll is quieter at mid-frequencies (2-8 kHz octave bands). Inside Coll is quieter at frequencies in the 16-128 kHz octave bands. Ardmore point, in the Sound of Mull, is louder for most frequencies. These differences create a potential way for animals to navigate or orient based on sound. Observed minke whale behaviors were categorized into behavior states to create a behavior budget. Minke whales in this area spend 56% of their daytime feeding, 7% traveling and 39% in other activities. The average inter-breath interval for minke whales in this study was 60.7s. Minke presence and behavior were compared with sound levels in 1/3rd octave bands using generalized linear models. Minke whale presence and behavior both correlate with changes in the Soundscape. Minke whales are less likely to be seen with higher levels of low (31 Hz) and high (25.4 kHz) frequency sound. Higher levels of sound at low (63 Hz) frequencies were associated with lower probability of minke whales feeding. Higher probability of minke whales feeding in higher levels of high (25.4 kHz) frequency sound may indicate that minke whales are optimizing that time which is spent in regions with higher levels of noise at these frequencies.

10aacoustics10aambient noise10aBalaenoptera acutorostrata10aBehavior10abiological sciences10aConservation biology10aEnvironmental science10aHealth and environmental sciences10aMinke10aPure sciences10aSoundscape1 aRoland, Adele uhttps://search.proquest.com/docview/2020840628?accountid=15181