01878nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001600269300001200285490000600297520105900303653001701362653001701379653001901396653001101415653001401426653001501440100003301455700002201488700002401510700002201534856006801556 2011 eng d a1477-200000aQuality calls: phylogeny and biogeography of a new genus of neotropical katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with ultra pure-tone ultrasonics0 aQuality calls phylogeny and biogeography of a new genus of neotr cSep-03-2012 a77 - 940 v93 a

This paper describes Artiotonus, a new genus of tropical katydid from Colombia and Ecuador. These acoustic ensiferans are represented by three species with a geographic distribution generally restricted to the rainforest of the Bolivar geosyncline of northwestern South America (Pacific). A phylogenetic analysis based on 28 morphological and six behavioural characters produced a tree (A. artius, (A. tinae, A. captivus)) with a consistency index of 0.9. All species are defined by a few autapomorphic changes. The most reliable character for identification is the temporal pattern of the calling song, suggesting a recent genetic divergence. Biogeographic analysis indicates that such genetic divergence began with geographic isolation produced before the Holocene transgression. Species of this genus are remarkable in that the calling song of males exhibits a narrow spectrum with a high quality factor (37–42), unusual values for such ultrasonic signals. A broad discussion on the evolution of tonal calls and pulse trains is offered.

10aBiogeography10acalling song10aConocephalinae10ahigh-Q10apure tone10aultrasound1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando1 aMorris, Glenn, K.1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aMason, Andrew, C. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14772000.2011.56020902623nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260002000273300001600293490000800309520186800317100002202185700002402207700002002231700002202251700003302273856012302306 2017 eng d a0022-094900aFunctional morphology of tegmina-based stridulation in the relict species Cyphoderris monstrosa (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Prophalangopsidae)0 aFunctional morphology of tegminabased stridulation in the relict cDec-28-20172143 a1112 - 11210 v2203 a

Male grigs, bush crickets and crickets produce mating calls by tegminal stridulation: the scraping together of modified forewings functioning as sound generators. Bush crickets (Tettigoniidae) and crickets (Gryllinae) diverged some 240 million years ago, with each lineage developing unique characteristics in wing morphology and the associated mechanics of stridulation. The grigs (Prophalangopsidae), a relict lineage more closely related to bush crickets than to crickets, are believed to retain plesiomorphic features of wing morphology. The wing cells widely involved in sound production, such as the harp and mirror, are comparatively small, poorly delimited and/or partially filled with cross-veins. Such morphology is similarly observed in the earliest stridulating ensiferans, for which stridulatory mechanics remains poorly understood. The grigs, therefore, are of major importance to investigate the early evolutionary stages of tegminal stridulation, a critical innovation in the evolution of the Orthoptera. The aim of this study is to appreciate the degree of specialization on grig forewings, through identification of sound radiating areas and their properties. For well-grounded comparisons, homologies in wing venation (and associated areas) of grigs and bush crickets are re-evaluated. Then, using direct evidence, this study confirms the mirror cell, in association with two other areas (termed ‘neck’ and ‘pre-mirror’), as the acoustic resonator in the grig Cyphoderris monstrosa. Despite the use of largely symmetrical resonators, as found in field crickets, analogous features of stridulatory mechanics are observed between C. monstrosa and bush crickets. Both morphology and function in grigs represents transitional stages between unspecialized forewings and derived conditions observed in modern species.

1 aBĂ©thoux, Olivier1 aSarria-S, Fabio, A.1 aJonsson, Thorin1 aMason, Andrew, C.1 aMontealegre-Zapata, Fernando uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.153106https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.153106