02834nas a2200325   4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001600219300000800235490000600243520186600249653001502115653001502130653001702145653001802162653001302180653002402193100001902217700002202236700002302258700001702281700002102298700002502319700002102344700002902365700002002394700002902414700002202443856004302465       2018                        eng d00aDuetting Patterns of Titi Monkeys (Primates, Pitheciidae: Callicebinae) and Relationships with Phylogeny0 aDuetting Patterns of Titi Monkeys Primates Pitheciidae Callicebi  cJan-10-2018  a1780 v83 a<p>Long-range vocal communication in socially monogamous titi monkeys is mediated by the production of loud, advertising calls in the form of solos, duets, and choruses. We conducted a power spectral analysis of duets and choruses (simply &ldquo;duets&rdquo; hereafter) followed by linear discriminant analysis using three acoustic parameters&mdash;dominant frequency of the combined signal, duet sequence duration, and pant call rate&mdash;comparing the coordinated vocalizations recorded from 36 family groups at 18 sites in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador. Our analysis identified four distinct duetting patterns: (1) a donacophilus pattern, sensu stricto, characteristic of P. donacophilus, P. pallescens, P. olallae, and P. modestus; (2) a moloch pattern comprising P. discolor, P. toppini, P. aureipalatii, and P. urubambensis; (3) a torquatus pattern exemplified by the duet of Cheracebus lucifer; and (4) the distinctive duet of&nbsp;P. oenanthe, a putative member of the donacophilus group, which is characterized by a mix of broadband and narrowband syllables, many of which are unique to this species. We also document a sex-related difference in the bellow-pant phrase combination among the three taxa sampled from the moloch lineage. Our data reveal a presumptive taxonomic incoherence illustrated by the distinctive loud calls of both P. urubambensis and P. oenanthe within the donacophilus lineage, sensu largo. The results are discussed in light of recent reassessments of the callicebine phylogeny, based on a suite of genetic studies, and the potential contribution of environmental influences, including habitat acoustics and social learning. A better knowledge of callicebine loud calls may also impact the conservation of critically endangered populations, such as the vocally distinctive Peruvian endemic, the San Martin titi, P. oenanthe.</p>
10aCallicebus10aCheracebus10aconservation10aPlecturocebus10ataxonomy10avocal communication1 aAdret, Patrice1 aDingess, Kimberly1 aCaselli, Christini1 aVermeer, Jan1 aMartínez, Jesus1 aAmancio, Jossy, Luna1 avan Kuijk, Silvy1 aLineros, Lucero, Hernani1 aWallace, Robert1 aFernandez-Duque, Eduardo1 aDi Fiore, Anthony  uhttp://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/10/178