01663nas a2200205   4500008004100000245014600041210006900187520091700256653001301173653002501186653002101211653001501232653002401247100002301271700002901294700003201323700003701355700002401392856004101416       2019                        eng d00aMorerella cyanophthalma (Anura: Hyperoliidae) in south- eastern Ivory Coast: Additional data and implications for the species’ conservation0 aMorerella cyanophthalma Anura Hyperoliidae in south eastern Ivor3 a<p>We report new data from a Morerella cyanophthalma population in the Tano&eacute;-Ehy forests, south-eastern Ivory Coast. The population lives in swamp forests dominated by Raphia palms. Eye colour differed partly to the two other known populations of the species at Banco and Azagny forests. There, males have porcelain white to brownish iris and females have blue eyes. At the new locality, some females possess a grey iris, and some males&rsquo; eyes were bluish. Several parts of the Tano&eacute;- Ehy forest are threatened by anthropogenic impacts. Ongoing habitat degradation and the extremely limited distribution of this species suggest that it is highly endangered. The implementation of an official protection status for the Tano&eacute;-Ehy swamp forests is urgently recommended in order to avoid further devastating effects to this irreplaceable ecosystem of national and regional importance.</p>
10aAmphibia10aBiodiversity hotspot10aCôte d’Ivoire10arainforest10aUpper Guinea forest1 aSoro, Nakpobessaga1 aKouamé, Akoua, Michèle1 aKouamé, N’Goran, Germain1 aAdepo-Gourène, Abouo, Béatrice1 aRödel, Mark-Oliver  uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/5798204329nas a2200409   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260001600239300000600255490000900261520318800270653001303458653001003471653000903481653001803490653002103508653001903529653001603548653000903564653001003573653001003583653002503593653001303618653001703631100001903648700001903667700002203686700002503708700002603733700001803759700001603777700002603793700002403819700001903843856005703862       2017                        eng d  a1175-532600aThe use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice0 ause of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy theory terminology method  cNov-04-2017  a10 v42513 a<p>Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged.</p>
10aAmphibia10aAnura10acall10acall analysis10acall description10acall variation10adefinitions10anote10apulse10asound10aspecies delimitation10ataxonomy10avocalization1 aKöhler, Jörn1 aJansen, Martin1 aRodríguez, Ariel1 aKok, Philippe, J. R.1 aToledo, Luís, Felipe1 aEmmrich, Mike1 aGlaw, Frank1 aHaddad, Célio, F. B.1 aRödel, Mark-Oliver1 aVences, Miguel  uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4251.1