01867nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001200206490000600218520129500224653001601519653002301535653001001558653001501568653001201583100002001595700001701615856004101632 2022 eng d00aBioacoustic description of the alarm call of the stump-tailed porcupine (Coendou rufescens)0 aBioacoustic description of the alarm call of the stumptailed por a198-2030 v33 a

Acoustic communication in rodents is complex and varied. However, bioacoustic studies of rodents in the wild are limited and scarce, most are performed, under controlled laboratory conditions. We recorded the alarm call of the short-tailed porcupine in the wild for the first time. Recordings were obtained in Guabisai, Sangay National Park, Ecuador. We opportunistically recorded the alarm call of an adult female Coendou rufescens in a direct encounter during its capture process. We analyzed 37 notes of 21 calls, categorizing the notes into 4 different types based on their spectral, temporal, and intensity characteristics (i.e., fundamental, dominant and harmonic frequencies). The alarm call of C. rufescens consists of up to 4 notes. The sounds vary, ranging from chirps to nasal sounds, with the dominant frequency ranging from 0.34-2.50 kHz. The notes have different spectral and temporal characteristics. Therefore, the alarm call of C. rufescens presents a repertoire with different types of notes. Our preliminary observations suggest that their different types of sound are probably associated with anti-predatory behaviors, therefore we considered these sounds as alarm calls. This report provides baseline information for future bioacoustic studies on this species.

10aalarm calls10adominant frequency10anotes10arepertoire10aRodents1 aBatallas, Diego1 aBrito, Jorge uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/it/node/5848202627nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245009400054210006900148260001600217300001400233490000800247520193000255653002702185653001602212653002702228653002502255653001802280100002102298700002402319856006602343 2017 eng d a0003347200aFunctionally referential alarm calls in noisy miners communicate about predator behaviour0 aFunctionally referential alarm calls in noisy miners communicate cJan-07-2017 a171 - 1790 v1293 a

Many vertebrates have alarm calls that warn conspecifics about danger, and some species even communicate about the type of predator or its behaviour, allowing for appropriate responses. However, such ‘functionally referential’ communication has been shown experimentally in only a handful of species, and requires demonstrating that individuals give acoustically distinct calls to different threats, and that the calls alone are sufficient to prompt listeners to behave as if a specific threat is present. We carried out model presentations, acoustic analyses and a playback experiment to test whether the alarm calls of noisy miners, Manorina melanocephala, are functionally referential. Miners gave different calls to airborne raptor models compared to terrestrial or perched raptor models, and even switched from ‘aerial’ alarm calls to ‘chur’ alarm calls when a hawk glider landed on the ground. They also behaved differently to these two types of threats, showing avoidance to aerial threats, including fleeing or freezing, but deterrent behaviour to terrestrial threats, including vigilance, approach and mobbing. The two alarm call types were acoustically distinct, and consistent with calls to live predators. Blind scoring of video revealed that birds responded appropriately to playbacks of alarm calls alone, typically fleeing to aerial alarm calls yet becoming vigilant, approaching and calling to chur calls. Noisy miners produce alarm calls that therefore meet both criteria for functional reference, and thus become one of the few bird species in which such calls have been confirmed. Many birds appear to give different calls to airborne predators compared to during mobbing of terrestrial or stationary predators, so functionally referential alarms are likely to be common and may often categorize predators by their behaviour and not simply their taxonomic type.

10aacoustic communication10aalarm calls10aantipredator behaviour10afunctional reference10amobbing calls1 aCunningham, Sean1 aMagrath, Robert, D. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721730158602673nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001300041245008200054210006900136260001600205300001200221490000800233520172900241653001101970653001601981653001201997653002402009653001302033653001302046653001502059653002902074653001802103653003702121100001602158700001902174700001702193700002502210700002102235700002502256856006602281 2017 eng d a0003347200aFeeling anxious? The mechanisms of vocal deception in tufted capuchin monkeys0 aFeeling anxious The mechanisms of vocal deception in tufted capu cJan-08-2017 a37 - 460 v1303 a

An ability to deceive conspeci fi cs is thought to have favoured the evolution of large brains in social animals, but evidence that such behaviours require cognitive complexity is lacking. Tufted capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus spp.) have been documented to use false alarm calls during feeding in a manner that functions to deceive competitors. However, comparative evidence suggests that the production of vo- calizations by nonhuman primates is largely underpinned by emotional mechanisms, calling into question more cognitive interpretations of this behaviour. To determine whether emotional states are plausibly necessary and suf fi cient to proximately explain deceptive alarm call production, we examined the association between self-directed behaviours (SDBs), as a proxy for anxiety, and the production of spontaneous false alarm calls among tufted capuchins. Speci fi cally, we predicted that if anxiety is necessary for the production of false alarms, then individuals that produce spontaneous false alarms should exhibit more SDBs in those contexts in which they call. If anxiety is also suf fi cient to explain the false alarm call production, then we predicted that individuals that call more in a given context would show higher rates of SDBs in that context, and that high rates of calling would be temporally associated with high rates of SDBs. Our results support the contention that states of anxiety are necessary for an individual to spontaneously produce false alarms, but that such states are not suf fi cient to explain patterns of calling. The link between anxiety and deceptive calling thus appears complex, and cognitively based decision-making processes may play some role in call production.

10aaffect10aalarm calls10aanxiety10adeceptive behaviour10aemotions10aprimates10ascratching10aself-directed behaviours10avocalizations10awithin-group contest competition1 aKean, Donna1 aTiddi, Barbara1 aFahy, Martin1 aHeistermann, Michael1 aSchino, Gabriele1 aWheeler, Brandon, C. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217301835