02030nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172520140300241653002101644653001201665653001701677653003101694653002701725100001901752700001801771856007101789 2021 eng d00aStridulatory sound production and acoustic signals of the longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)0 aStridulatory sound production and acoustic signals of the longho3 a

Insects have evolved different structures and ways to produce sounds which play a crucial role in many aspects of insect biology, such as reproduction and predator–prey interactions. Among acoustic insects, although a variety of stridulatory organs have been reported in beetles, acoustic behaviour of these insects has received little attention. Here, stridulatory organs, sound-producing behaviour and acoustic signals in males of the longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata were investigated for the first time. The detailed morphology of the file and scraper of the stridulatory organ are presented. Behavioural observations showed that sound production was associated with the rapid forward and backward movements of the pronotum. The forward and backward movements of the pronotum can both cause interactions between the file and scraper, and produce forward chirps and backward chirps, respectively. Oscillogram and frequency spectrum comparisons of the upward and backward chirps revealed that the two types of chirps exhibited significant differences in temporal and amplitude features, but had similar spectral characteristics. Acoustic studies on most longhorn beetles are strongly needed, which may make significant contributions in many areas, such as the evolution and diversity of the acoustic behaviour and the possibility of use of sounds in taxonomy of longhorn beetles.

10aacoustic signals10aBeetles10aCerambycidae10asound-producing structures10astridulatory mechanism1 aLuo, Changqing1 aHuang, Shihui uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2021.189064002183nas a2200241 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001600248300000800264490000700272520126500279653002101544653002601565653003401591100001301625700001501638700001501653700001801668700001401686700001901700700001901719856020301738 2020 eng d00aAssociation between Acoustic Signals and Body Color Dimorphism in a Katydid Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aAssociation between Acoustic Signals and Body Color Dimorphism i cJan-04-2020 a1990 v553 a

Body color dimorphism is a common phenomenon in a wide range of insect taxa. In Gampsocleis sedakovii obscura (Walker), the two morphs are green and brown. In order to explore the variation within the same species with different body color phenotypes, morphology, genetics, and male calling songs were compared within Gampsocleis from Inner Mongolia, China. Recordings of the male calling songs were compared based on the acoustic variables including pulse duration, pulse interval, dominant frequency, highest frequency, and lowest frequency. This analysis was combined with sequencing of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome c oxidase subunit II and examination of morphological traits to perform cluster analyses. The morphological and the mitochondrial genetic analyses revealed no differences between green and brown morphs, but the acoustic analysis showed completely different male calling between the morphs, thus suggesting that there is a connection between acoustic signals and body color dimorphism in G. s. obscura. These findings also revealed that the acoustic variation with body color dimorphism could provide evidence for insect acoustic signal divergence and the process of subspeciation, even speciation.

10aacoustic signals10abody color dimorphism10aGampsocleis sedakovii obscura1 aChen, Qi1 aZhang, Xue1 aLi, Jiaxin1 aZhou, Haifeng1 aWen, Ming1 aWang, Yinliang1 aRen, Bingzhong uhttps://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-entomological-science/volume-55/issue-2/0749-8004-55.2.199/Association-between-Acoustic-Signals-and-Body-Color-Dimorphism-in-a/10.18474/0749-8004-55.2.199.full03054nas a2200205 4500008004100000245018500041210006900226260001600295490000700311520225700318653002102575653002602596653001402622653002702636653004602663100001802709700003002727700001402757856007702771 2019 eng d00aGenetic divergence, population differentiation and phylogeography of the cicada Subpsaltria yangi based on molecular and acoustic data: an example of the early stage of speciation?0 aGenetic divergence population differentiation and phylogeography cJan-12-20190 v193 a

Background
Geographical isolation combined with historical climatic fluctuations have been identified as two major factors that contribute to the formation of new species. On the other hand, biotic factors such as competition and predation are also able to drive the evolution and diversification of organisms. To determine whether geographical barriers contributed to population divergence or speciation in the rare endemic cicada Subpsaltria yangi the population differentiation, genetic structure and phylogeography of the species were investigated in the Loess Plateau and adjacent areas of northwestern China by analysing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and comparing the calling song structure of 161 male individuals.

Results
The results reveal a low level of genetic differentiation and relatively simple phylogeographic structure for this species, but two independent clades corresponding to geographically isolated populations were recognised. Genetic and geographical distances were significantly correlated among lineages. Results of divergence-time estimation are consistent with a scenario of isolation due to glacial refugia and interglacial climate oscillation in northwestern China. Significant genetic divergence was found between the population occurring in the Helan Mountains and other populations, and recent population expansion has occurred in the Helan Mountains and/or adjacent areas. This population is also significantly different in calling song structure from other populations.

Conclusions
Geographical barriers (i.e., the deserts and semi-deserts surrounding the Helan Mountains), possibly coupled with related ecological differences, may have driven population divergence and allopatric speciation. This provides a possible example of incipient speciation in Cicadidae, improves understanding of population differentiation, acoustic signal diversification and phylogeographic relationships of this rare cicada species of conservation concern, and informs future studies on population differentiation, speciation and phylogeography of other insects with a high degree of endemism in the Helan Mountains and adjacent areas.

10aacoustic signals10aAllopatric speciation10aCicadidae10aGeographical isolation10aNorthern China Population differentiation1 aLiu, Yunxiang1 aDietrich, Christopher, H.1 aWei, Cong uhttps://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-018-1317-801128nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001300041245016500054210006900219260002000288300001200308490000800320520040900328653002100737653001400758653001700772653001600789653001500805653001200820653001200832100002300844856003100867 2018 eng d a1026051X00aNote on acoustic signals of grasshopper males of the genera Epacromius and Platypygius (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) from Russia and adjacent territories0 aNote on acoustic signals of grasshopper males of the genera Epac cJun-16-20182071 a21 - 240 v3703 a

Acoustic courtship of males of three species, Epacromius pulverulentus, E. tergistinus and Platypygius crassus from Russia (Southern Siberia) and Ukraine (Cis-Azov Region), are described and illustrated by oscillograms at the first time. There are two types of stridulation: tegmina-femoral (all species) and tibia-tegminal (E. tergistinus). Calling signals for these species are not recognized.

10aacoustic signals10aAcrididae10agrasshoppers10aOedipodinae10aOrthoptera10aSiberia10aUkraine1 aBenediktov, А.А. uhttp://www.biosoil.ru/FEE/02371nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245005800054210005800112260001600170520149800186653002101684653002101705653001801726653002401744653002701768653001901795100001801814700001501832700001601847700001501863700001801878856023301896 2018 eng d a0376635700aComponents of variation in female common cuckoo calls0 aComponents of variation in female common cuckoo calls cJan-10-20183 a

Investigations on bird vocalizations have largely focused on males. Female vocalizations are widespread in birds but few studies have investigated female vocal characteristics, particularly in non-Passeriformes. In this study, we use new field recordings from China, and calls available from an online sound library to examine temporal patterns, call consistency and geographical variation in vocalizations of female common cuckoos Cuculus canorous. The peak in vocal activity (both male and female) was in the morning, which contrasts to what would be predicted if the sole function of the female call was to distract the attention of hosts after parasitizing a host’s nest in the afternoon. Both male and female common cuckoos were more vocally active in sunny weather, than rainy weather. We also found larger intra-individual variation in female rather than in male calls, which may benefit female cuckoos by increasing stimulation to host species. Peak frequency of female calls decreased with increased latitude, while differences in female call features were not associated with geographic distance. In summary, our findings that female calls are used in the morning, rather than at peak egg laying, yet are highly variable and show little geographic patterns suggest that the function of these female calls may be more variable and intricate than previously thought. However, because research on female vocalizations is underrepresented, future studies are still needed.

10aacoustic signals10acall consistency10acommon cuckoo10afemale vocalization10ageographical variation10avocal activity1 aDeng, Zhuqing1 aLloyd, Huw1 aXia, Canwei1 aLiang, Wei1 aZhang, Yanyun uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376635718302997https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0376635718302997?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0376635718302997?httpAccept=text/plain01966nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260001600195520133000211653002101541653002401562653002401586653001901610653001901629100001801648700002001666856008601686 2018 eng d a1045-224900aAnthropogenic noise disrupts mate searching in Gryllus bimaculatus0 aAnthropogenic noise disrupts mate searching in Gryllus bimaculat cApr-10-20183 a

Many animals use acoustic communication as a means of sending important biological information, such as their location, to potential receivers. However, anthropogenic noise is known to affect the ability of some species to either produce or receive signals, which may influence their reproductive success. In this study, we investigate the effect of anthropogenic noise on the mate-searching behaviors of the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. To accomplish this, phonotaxis trials were conducted with female field crickets under different acoustic conditions, and their ability to detect and move towards conspecific male calls was assessed. The presence of traffic noise reduced the likelihood that the female would approach the male calls and also reduced the time that the female spent attending to the calling stimulus before making her decision. However, the presence of white noise did not reduce the likelihood of approaching the calling speaker, indicating that the average amplitude of anthropogenic noise is, alone, not important in this conflict, but frequency and fluctuations in the stimulus or other characteristics might be. This study supports the hypothesis that anthropogenic noise does indeed influence the detectability of acoustic mate location signals, thus disrupting mate searching behavior.

10aacoustic signals10aanthropogenic noise10aGryllus bimaculatus10amate searching10asexual signals1 aBent, Adam, M1 aIngs, Thomas, C uhttps://academic.oup.com/beheco/advance-article/doi/10.1093/beheco/ary126/511566702232nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245012500054210006900179260001600248300001200264490000800276520134200284653002101626653002501647653001101672653001801683653002601701653001701727653002901744653002101773653001701794653003401811100002201845700002101867856006601888 2018 eng d a0003347200aThe ‘hot male’ hypothesis: do female crickets prefer males with increased body temperature in mate choice scenarios?0 ahot male hypothesis do female crickets prefer males with increas cJan-04-2018 a75 - 840 v1383 a

Insects have been extensively used as model systems to study mating preferences based on variation in acoustic signals. In many species, females perform phonotaxis towards attractive, long-range acoustic signals produced by males, whereas the final mating decision is based on an assessment of additional, multimodal, close-range cues. The production of acoustic signals is costly, because invested energy is inefficiently converted into acoustic power. Here, we investigated whether heat released as a by-product during song generation might serve as an additional cue during mate choice decisions. Males that broadcast highly energetic calling songs increased their thoracic temperature considerably above ambient temperatures. The use of this additional cue would turn the acoustic signal into an inherently bimodal one, indirectly indicating the quality of the sender. To test this hot male hypothesis, we performed trackball and Y-maze experiments with Anurogryllus muticus. For comparison, additional trackball experiments were conducted with Gryllus bimaculatus females. In all paradigms, females of both species showed no evidence of a preference for hot males and, therefore, we conclude that increases in thoracic temperature do not seem to play a role as a multimodal component in mate choice decisions in A. muticus.

10aacoustic signals10aAnurogryllus muticus10aenergy10aFemale choice10ainfrared thermography10amale quality10amultimodal communication10asexual selection10athermal cues10athoracic temperature increase1 aErregger, Bettina1 aHennig, Matthias uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218300575