@article {58372, title = {Factors Affecting Calling Behaviour in Field Crickets, Teleogryllus and Gryllus (Age, Weight, Density, and Parasites)}, year = {1984}, doi = {10.1163/156853984X00489}, url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/88/1-2/article-p61_5.xmlhttps://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/beh/88/1-2/article-p61_5.xml}, author = {Wyatt, David R. and Cade, William H.} } @article {57398, title = {The role of two-tone suppression in song coding by ventral cord neurones in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou)}, year = {1984}, abstract = {

1.The calling, courtship and aggression songs ofT. oceanicus have distinctive temporal patterns but their spectral compositions are very similar: the carrier frequency occurs around 4.5 kHz and harmonics occur which extend above background noise level up to at least 40 kHz (Fig. 1).

2.Units were recorded in the cervical connectives which responded to sound frequencies over the range from 1 kHz to at least 40 kHz. The sensitivities of some of the high frequency units were comparable to, or exceeded, the sensitivities of the units responding to the carrier frequencies of the species songs (Fig. 2).

3.At the level of the neck connectives, units responding to the range from 10 kHz to 40 kHz could be divided, on the basis of their prothoracic morphology and physiology, into Through Neurones and Ascending Neurones. All the recorded neurones showed two-tone suppression effects but they varied in their degree of susceptibility to suppression. Frequencies in the range 4\–5 kHz were most effective in producing suppression of the responses to high frequency tones (Figs. 5, 6).

4.The two identified Ascending Neurone types had similar morphologies in the prothoracic ganglion (Fig. 3). ANA showed tonic responses to pure tones in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 40 kHz. Below 10 kHz high intensity inhibition of the response occurred and the latency increased from about 15 ms for an 18 kHz tone pulse, to about 55 ms for a 4.5 kHz tone (Fig. 4). ANB responded with 1\–3 spikes to stimuli in the frequency range from 7 kHz to 40 kHz. The response latency to an 18 kHz tone pulse was about 15 ms. No responses were obtained to 50 ms stimuli in the range from 2 kHz to 7 kHz (Fig. 6). However, considerable rebound activity was produced in response to 4.5 kHz stimuli of 200 ms or more; the latency of the rebound to 200 ms stimuli was about 400 ms (Fig. 6C).

5.ANA neurones responded to the syllables of the natural songs (Fig. 7), clearly coding the temporal patterns of the three songs. Cutting the contralateral leg nerve resulted in no detectable change in the neurone\&$\#$39;s response pattern. ANB neurones responded only during the intervals between chirps and during pauses within chirps. A long period of bursting activity occurred at the end of each song sequence (i.e. 3 chirps). This rebound activity may be the result of extreme inhibition caused by the CF of the songs (Fig. 7).

6.Synthesised natural songs (Fig. 1 E) with the correct temporal parameters but filled with 4.5 kHz alone, 18 kHz alone or a combination of 18 kHz and 4.5 kHz, were produced to investigate the role of two-tone suppression phenomena in song coding. The responses of both ANA and ANB (Fig. 8) showed the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to these units during the coding of the species songs.

7.Two-tone inhibition effects are advanced as the basic mechanism for the accurate coding of temporal characteristics in the songs ofT. oceanicus. Two different strategies for the recognition of species song types in crickets are advanced.

}, keywords = {High Frequency Tone, Prothoracic Ganglion, Rebound Activity, Song Type, Ventral Cord}, doi = {10.1007/BF00605395}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00605395}, author = {Hutchings, Mary and Lewis, Brian} } @article {53144, title = {Acoustic courtship signals in the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {32}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-11-1984}, pages = {1011 - 1016}, abstract = {

Male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) produce two sounds in sexual contexts, calling songs and precopulatory songs. Calling song occurs during pheromone release from territories within leks and consists of repeated bursts of sound (pulse trains). Virgin female A. suspensa became more active in the presence of recorded calling songs. Activity during the broadcast of a heterospecific song did not differ from movement during periods of silence. A conspecific song typical of smaller males, i.e. conspicuous for its long periods between pulse trains, also failed to elicit more activity by virgin females than silence. Mated females were most active during silences. Unmated males had no obvious reaction to sound. Calling songs are apparently sexually important communications which females discriminate among and may use as cues for locating and/or choosing between mates. Precopulatory song is produced by mounted males just before and during the early stages of copulation. Males that did not produce such songs remained coupled for shorter periods, perhaps passing fewer sperm. Wingless (muted) males were more likely to complete aedeagal insertion if a recorded precopulatory song was broadcast. Calling song played at the same level (90 dB) had no significant effect on the acceptance of males, nor did precopulatory song at a lower SPL (52dB). Precopulatory song may be used to display male vigour to choosing females.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80214-6}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347284802146}, author = {Sivinski, J. and Burk, T. and Webb, J.C.} } @article {53137, title = {Spatial Dispersion and Agonistic Contacts of Male Bush Crickets in the Biotope}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Tierpsychologie}, volume = {65}, year = {1984}, month = {Dec-01-1984}, pages = {201 - 214}, abstract = {

Investigated the dispersion patterns of singing male bush crickets (Tettigonia cantans) and analyzed the behavioral patterns of established males elicited by the song of a conspecific. Results show that, apart from sites with sparse vegetation, stridulating males tend to show clumped distribution in areas with dense plant populations and that, within clumps, individuals are regularly spaced. Males seem to space themselves according to the song intensities they receive from each other. Between-close-neighbors rivalry behavior is expressed by males producing alternating songs, in an approach toward a constantly singing insect, or in an aggressive encounter. Of these 3 behavior patterns, aggressive encounters are most common in high-density populations. Rivalry does not influence the dispersion pattern of the males. A hypothesis is inferred from observations on female behavior: Rivalry itself constitutes an attractive stimulus for females. The problem still left for further research is if, and how, female bush crickets discriminate and choose their mate from a population of singing males.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb00099.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb00099.x}, author = {Schatral, Andrea and William Latimer and Broughton, Bill} } @article {47924, title = {Communication in the courtship of a madagascan hissing cockroach. I. Normal courtship}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {32}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-02-1984}, pages = {194 - 203}, abstract = {

he hissing Madagascar cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa, has a prolonged and complex courtship involving signals in several sensory modalities. Courtship was described for 13 pairs of cockroaches and the frequencies and sequencing of 16 behavioural units were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the function and interactions of acoustic, chemical and tactile components. The results indicate that posturing and sound production by males, and antennation by both males and females, are important in courtship. They also suggest that courtship in G. portentosa, rather than depending on a rigid sequence of behaviour determined by a series of discrete releasers, is quite flexible, using \‘behavioural monologues\’ by both sexes as a means of achieving transitions from one stage of courtship to the next.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80337-1}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347284803371}, author = {Fraser, Jean and Nelson, Margaret C.} } @article {47852, title = {A particle velocity microphone for the song of small insects and other acoustic measurements}, journal = {Journal of experimental biology}, volume = {108}, year = {1984}, pages = {459{\textendash}463}, author = {H. C. Bennet-Clark} } @article {47773, title = {Male displays and female preferences in the courtship of a gregarious cricket}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {32}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-08-1984}, pages = {690 - 697}, abstract = {

The courtship of males of the gregarious cricket Amphiacusta maya involves a variety of signals. The quantitative aspects of both successful and unsuccessful courtship sequences were examined to determine whether certain aspects of male displays were correlated with female mating preferences regardless of which male performed them. Although variability among males was high for most courtship components measured, I found no evidence of female choice with respect to the courtship variables studied. About 35\% of the duration of each male courtship sequence is devoted to chirping, but there were no differences in either the likelihood of copulation or the latency to copulation between normal males and experimentally silenced males. The possibility that intrinsic differences in male quality explained the variability in courtship duration was examined with a two-way analysis of variance. The variance in courtship duration was attributable to variance among females, not to variance among males. Thus the courtship behaviour of male A. maya is variable enough to allow females to exert stabilizing or disruptive selection on displays, but there is no evidence that females use the available information.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80144-X}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728480144X}, author = {Christine R. B. Boake} } @article {47589, title = {Processing of vibratory and acoustic signals by ventral cord neurones in the cricket Gryllus campestris}, journal = {Journal of Insect Physiology}, volume = {30}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-01-1984}, pages = {575 - 585}, abstract = {

The responses of single vibratory receptors and ascending ventral cord interneurones were studied extracellularly in Gryllus campestris L. The physiology of the vibration receptors resembled those found in tettigoniids and locusts. The frequency responses of the subgenual receptors provide two possible cues for central frequency discrimination: differences in mean tuning between groups of receptors in the different leg pairs and a range of receptors tuned to different frequencies within one subgenual organ.

Most of the ascending vibratory interneurones were highly sensitive in either the low or high frequency range. Broadbanded neurones were less sensitive. The characteristic sensitivity peaks of these units are due mainly to receptor inputs from a particular leg pair, although most central neurones receive inputs from all 6 legs. Only one neurone type, TN1 received excitatory inputs from both auditory and vibratory receptors; its responses were greatly enhanced by the simultaneous presentation of both stimulus modes. The responses to sound stimuli of AN2, on the other hand, were inhibited by vibration. No other auditory interneurones investigated were influenced by inputs from vibration receptors. Central processing of vibratory information in the cricket is compared with that of tettigoniids and locusts.

}, keywords = {central coprocessing, cricket, interneurone, sound, vibration}, issn = {00221910}, doi = {10.1016/0022-1910(84)90086-6}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022191084900866}, author = {K{\"u}hne, Roland and Silver, Susan and Lewis, Brian} } @article {17224, title = {Auditory acuity in the orientation behaviour of the bushcricket Pachysagella australis walker (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Saginae)}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {32}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-08-1984}, pages = {816 - 829}, abstract = {

The female tettigoniid Pachysagella australis (Saginae) orients to the call of the conspecific with an angular acuity of \±5\°. This acuity is mediated by sound entering to the tympanic receptors through the auditory trachea and the slits exterior to the tympanic membranes. The phonokinetic response of females was filmed in an arena. The slit system was blocked on both anterior and posterior ports with the effect that the female spiralled towards the sound source; blocking the posterior slit alone reduced the auditory acuity as did the partial occlusion of the fore slit, but in both cases the female located the male. Complete blocking of the auditory spiracle caused the insect to spiral towards the unoperated side, whereas reducing the sound input to one side by some 8\–12 dB, by plugging the auditory bulla with compacted cotton wool, did not substantially affect the orientation pattern of the insect. Ablation of the tympanic organ on one side caused the female to move in a circular pattern to the unoperated side. A hypothesis is formulated whereby the female, when actively orienting to the calling male, may use the slit port system to gain a high degree of auditory acuity to sound in front of her body axis. When off target she may use the less accurate spiracular input system. This system, with its greater sensitivity to high frequency sounds, may function as an effective anti-predator warning system.

}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80158-X}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728480158X}, author = {Winston J. Bailey and Stephen, R.O.} } @article {17222, title = {Natural History and Acoustic Behavior of a Gregarious Cricket}, journal = {Behaviour}, volume = {89}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-01-1984}, pages = {241 - 250}, abstract = {

The cricket Amphiacusta maya (Gryllidae: Phalangopsinae) was studied in the field in Costa Rica and in the laboratory. In the seasonal habitat of Guanacaste Province, C.R., adults are found only during the first 4 months of the rainy season. Adults and subadult nymphs form aggregations each dawn and disperse at dusk. Within the aggregations, males chirp, fight other males, and occasionally mate with females. The acoustic behavior of these crickets differs from that of the better-known field crickets in three major ways. First, males do not produce a calling song. Second, the chirps given in aggressive and courtship contexts are nearly indistinguishable spectrally and temporally. Third, the species-typical chirp does not elicit phonotaxis in adult females or in nymphs. Possibly the calling song would no longer provide a selective advantage to males because females are in their vicinity regardless of male behavior. Additionally, acoustic signal similarity may be a result of selection for aggressive signalling in both contexts (aggression and courtship). Thus these modifications in acoustic signals may be adaptations to a gregarious mating system.

}, issn = {0005-7959}, doi = {10.1163/156853984X00399}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/4534348}, author = {Christine R. B. Boake} } @article {17173, title = {Changes in phonotaxis by the female cricket Acheta domesticus L. after killing identified acoustic interneurons}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {154}, year = {1984}, month = {Jan-01-1984}, pages = {795 - 804}, issn = {0340-7594}, doi = {10.1007/BF00610680}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00610680}, author = {Atkins, Gordon and Ligman, Scott and Burghardt, Frederick and Stout, John F.} } @article {17121, title = {Ges{\"a}nge der heimischen Heuschrecken}, year = {1984}, author = {G. Grein} } @article {15116, title = {Zur Bioakustik und Phylogenie der Gattung Poecilimon (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae)}, journal = {Zoologische Jahrbucher abteilung fur Systematik, okologie und geographie}, volume = {111}, year = {1984}, pages = {69-117}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

35 European bush cricket species of the genus Poecilimon are comapred with special reference to their stridulatory movements, recorded with an opto-electronic camera, analysed in oszillograms and some power spectra, and ot their stridulatory files, studied with an electrone microscope. Since in the bush crickets the acoustics play the prime role in pair finding and thus reproductive isolation, an anslysis based on sound production and additional morphological characetristics lends itself well to investigate the relationships and the status of the species within this group. From this certain reclassifications are proposed: 15 species have been synonymized with 7 of them classified as supspecies and one subspecies has been newly described as Poecilimon obesus artedentatus.

The evolution of striduylatory movements and songs id sicussed extensively (Fig. 27). It is implied that in the songs shortneing or lengthening or fast repition of elements are typical derived forms from the original pattern. The phylogenetic tree presented in Fig. 26 considers differences in teh above physiological characteristcs as well as certian morphological onesexpecially the expression of the prothoracal stigma, whether wide or of a slit shape, the form of the pronotum, whether flat or raised, the form of the cerci, whether smooth or toothed, and finally it considers also the characteristic form of the animals stridulatory file.

}, author = {Klaus-Gerhard Heller} } @article {12299, title = {Some new frogs from Sarawak}, journal = {Amphibia-Reptilia}, volume = {4}, year = {1984}, pages = {103 - 115}, abstract = {

Four new frogs are described from the Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak: Ansonia torrentis and pelophryne api (Bufonidae), Kalophrynus nubicola (Microhylidae), and Rhacophorus kajau (Rhacophoridae).

}, issn = {0173-5373}, doi = {10.1163/156853883X00021}, url = {http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/10.1163/156853883x00021}, author = {Dring, Julian C.} }