01311nas a2200241 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124520053000193653001700723653001900740653001600759653004700775653001300822653000800835653004900843653003500892653000900927100002000936700002600956700002400982700002401006856003901030 2020 eng d00aSeasonal Changes in Male Oyster Toadfish’s Response to Boatwhistle Playbacks0 aSeasonal Changes in Male Oyster Toadfish s Response to Boatwhist3 a

Opasanus tau, the Oyster Toadfish inhabits estuaries along the Atlantic coast. Males produce a short, harmonic mating call titled a 'boatwhistle' to attract females from late May to early August. A hydrophone was deployed under the dock at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole Massachusetts to passively monitor their mating behavior. An underwater speaker played boatwhistles at the toadfish at varied times throughout the day and season to determine the male response to hearing extraneous noise.

10abioacoustics10amarine biology10aopsanus tau10aSwenson College of Science and Engineering10atoadfish10aUMD10aUndergraduate Research Opportunities Program10aUniversity of Minnesota Duluth10aUROP1 aCurtis, Nora, J1 aMackiewicz, Alayna, G1 aPutland, Rosalyn, L1 aMensinger, Allen, F uhttp://hdl.handle.net/11299/21233901797nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171520111900240653001701359653002201376653001801398653001801416653001701434100001801451700002201469856013601491 2020 eng d00aThe call of the squeak beetle: bioacoustics of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) revisited (Coleoptera: Hygrobiidae)0 acall of the squeak beetle bioacoustics of iHygrobia hermannii Fa3 a

Hygrobiidae, or squeak beetles, originated in the Triassic-Jurassic and exhibit a relictual distribution in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian regions. Hygrobiids are well known for their sound-producing abilities, although studies of their bioacoustics remain limited. Here we describe sound producing organs and bioacoustics of the Palaearctic Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775). Plectra and pars stridens were examined in both sexes, and sound characteristics analysed. Despite small differences between male and female last abdominal ventrites, plectra were identical. Pars stridens, however, differed subtly, tooth ridges being wider in females. Calls of both sexes were harmonic, with peak frequency at 6.1 kHz, and secondary peak at 10.9 kHz; males exhibiting longer inter-chirp intervals. Calls changed with time in the laboratory, this possibly condition-related effect being more apparent in males. The differences found between sexes suggest that sound production in squeak beetles may function in intraspecific communication, in addition to being an antipredator device.

10abioacoustics10aHygrobia hermanni10apars stridens10asqueak beetle10astridulation1 aBlair, Jordan1 aBilton, David, T. uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01650424.2020.172696301234nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135520054700204653001700751653001400768653001000782653001100792653001400803653002100817653002000838100001700858700001900875700002400894700002300918700002200941856004100963 2020 eng d00aFirst data on Cicadas of Kefalonia, Greece (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), including bioacoustics0 aFirst data on Cicadas of Kefalonia Greece Hemiptera Cicadidae in3 a

No cicada records for the Greek Ion- ian island of Kefalonia existed so far. The fauna of singing cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Kefalonia island (Cephalonia) has been investigated on the field excursions in 2010, 2016 and 2018 with classic and bioacoustic methods, using recording equipment for sonic range and ultrasonic detectors. We discovered 5 species: Lyristes plebejus (Scopoli, 1763), Cicada orni Linnaeus, 1758, Cicadatra atra (Olivier, 1790), Dimis- salna dimissa (Hagen, 1856), and Tettigettula pygmea (Olivier, 1790).

10abioacoustics10aCicadidae10afauna10aGreece10aHemiptera10aKefalonia Island10asinging cicadas1 aTrilar, Tomi1 aGogala, Matija1 aGraziani, Francesca1 aCeccolini, Filippo1 aCianferoni, Fabio uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/5816802181nas a2200217 4500008004100000245016400041210006900205520132700274653001701601653001701618653004001635653002001675653001801695653001301713100001701726700002001743700001901763700002101782700002401803856013601827 2020 eng d00aDung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male morph: a case study on Copris lunaris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coprini)0 aDung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male3 a

Insect sounds are predominantly produced by stridulations, where specialised body parts contact repeatedly to induce acoustic pulse trains. We studied the stridulatory organ and sound emissions in Copris lunaris, by focussing separately on females, and on major and minor males. Results highlighted an isometric growth of pars stridens in response to body size, and identified a wing-pygidium locking structure that assists sound emission. Sex-specific acoustic differences of some degree were detected between major males and females, as sounds emitted by majors showed higher frequencies and shorter pulses with elevated impulse rates. This cannot be immediately explained by size differences in the components of stridulatory apparatus. Rather, divergence might be an indicator of some underlying behavioural difference in response to distressing events. In minor males, acoustic properties overlapped with both females and major males, although incomplete stridulations had a lower ratio in minor than major males. This paper provides the very first perspective of the potential role of sex and male polymorphism on sound production. However, future categorisations of sounds coupled to behavioural observations of specific interactions are needed to reveal the function of sex and morph-specific differences.

10abioacoustics10adung beetles10aelytro-abdominal stridulatory organ10amale dimorphism10apars stridens10aplectrum1 aKerman, Kaan1 aRoggero, Angela1 aPiccini, Irene1 aRolando, Antonio1 aPalestrini, Claudia uhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2019.1710255https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2019.171025502634nas a2200241 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164520179300233653001702026653002002043653004702063653001702110653002302127653003602150653002702186653001402213100002902227700002102256700001902277700002202296700002002318856005402338 2020 eng d00aCan singing rate be used to predict male breeding status of forest songbirds? A comparison of three calibration models0 aCan singing rate be used to predict male breeding status of fore3 a

For male songbirds, song rate varies throughout the breeding season and is correlated with breeding cycle stages. Although these patterns have been well documented, this relationship has not been used to predict a bird’s breeding status from acoustic monitoring. This challenge of using a response (i.e., behavior) to indirectly measure an underlying biological state is common in ecology, but correctly address- ing the associated statistical challenge of calibration is rare. The objective of this study was to determine whether variation in song rate can be used to predict the breeding status of the Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi). In 2016, song rates from 28 male Olive-sided Flycatchers were collected from human observers (n = 545 five-minute counts) and breeding status (i.e., single, paired, and feeding young) was monitored throughout the breeding season. The predictive ability of three modeling approaches—regres- sion, hierarchical, and a classification tree—was evaluated using sensitivity and specificity to determine the best modeling approach. The hierarchical model was the best at predicting all three breeding status classes, with a mean sensitivity of 69%, compared with 54% and 50% from the regression and machine learning models, respectively. Our results suggest that song rate can be used as an indirect measurement of breeding status in the Olive-sided Flycatcher when using a hierarchical modeling approach to calibrate the breeding status–song rate relationship. This novel modeling approach provides a cost-effective tool to collect much needed demographic information over large spatial extents and inform species status assess- ments, recovery strategies, and management plans for species of conservation concern.

10abioacoustics10abreeding status10aclassification and regression trees (CART)10aforest birds10ahierarchical model10amultinomial logistic regression10aOlive-sided Flycatcher10asong rate1 aUpham‐Mills, Emily, J.1 aReimer, Jody, R.1 aHaché, Samuel1 aLele, Subhash, R.1 aBayne, Erin, M. uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/21508925/11/102987nas a2200229 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178520218000247653001902427653001702446653001502463653001902478653002602497653003202523100002402555700002802579700002002607700001502627700002002642700002802662856006702690 2020 eng d00aEcological indices in long-term acoustic bat surveys for assessing and monitoring bats' responses to climatic and land-cover changes0 aEcological indices in longterm acoustic bat surveys for assessin3 a

Bats are well known for playing an important role in several ecosystem services such as arthropod population control, insect pest suppression in agricultural systems and vector disease control, but also for acting as ecological indicators. Their population dynamics are strongly linked to environmental variations and, in some cases, reflect the health status of ecosystems. Hence, some species have an excellent potential as ecological indicators due to their sensitivity to ecosystem changes. Despite the general decrease of many bat populations worldwide and the recent upsurge in the use of autonomous acoustic detectors, the acoustic monitoring of bat assemblages is still an emerging field in bat research and conservation. Probably due to a general lack of methodological standards and the lack of common ecological indices, few long-term bat acoustic monitoring programs are currently active and data is rarely shared and compared between regions. In this study we propose and adapt a set of different ecological indices that can be used in acoustic surveys designed to detect changes in bat diversity, activity and assemblage composition, all of which can be linked to species’ climatic and habitat-related preferences. Using a dataset collected during three years of bat monitoring in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula), we used three traditional indices (richness, activity and Shannon diversity) and developed four new ecological indices (Community Thermal Index, Community Precipitation Index, Community Openness Index and Community Specialization Index) that enabled us to study bat communities and compare them at different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of these indices in bat monitoring programs. We also provide a consistent tool for generating easy-to-interpret ecological indices when monitoring the short- and long-term responses of bats under the current scenario of global change. Using standardized protocols and robust ecological indices enables studies and datasets to be compared, which in turn promotes the development of proper management and conservation measures via international cooperation.

10aBat monitoring10abioacoustics10aChiroptera10aClimate change10aEcological indicators10apassive acoustic monitoring1 aTuneu-Corral, Carme1 aPuig-Montserrat, Xavier1 aFlaquer, Carles1 aMas, Maria1 aBudinski, Ivana1 aLópez-Baucells, Adrià uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X1930843X02790nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165520202600234653002802260653001702288653001702305653002902322653001902351653002302370100002402393700002402417700001602441700002402457700002402481856006702505 2020 eng d00ahardRain: An R package for quick, automated rainfall detection in ecoacoustic datasets using a threshold-based approach0 ahardRain An R package for quick automated rainfall detection in 3 a

The increasing demand for cost-efficient biodiversity data at large spatiotemporal scales has led to an increase in the collection of large ecoacoustic datasets. Whilst the ease of collection and storage of audio data has rapidly increased and costs fallen, methods for robust analysis of the data have not developed so quickly. Identification and classification of audio signals to species level is extremely desirable, but reliability can be highly affected by non-target noise, especially rainfall. Despite this demand, there are few easily applicable pre-processing methods available for rainfall detection for conservation practitioners and ecologists. Here, we use threshold values of two simple measures, Power Spectrum Density (amplitude) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio at two frequency bands, to differentiate between the presence and absence of heavy rainfall. We assess the effect of using different threshold values on Accuracy and Specificity. We apply the method to four datasets from both tropical and temperate regions, and find that it has up to 99% accuracy on tropical datasets (e.g. from the Brazilian Amazon), but performs less well in temperate environments. This is likely due to the intensity of rainfall in tropical forests and its falling on dense, broadleaf vegetation amplifying the sound. We show that by choosing between different threshold values, informed trade-offs can be made between Accuracy and Specificity, thus allowing the exclusion of large amounts of audio data containing rainfall in all locations without the loss of data not containing rain. We assess the impact of using different sample sizes of audio data to set threshold values, and find that 200 15 s audio files represents an optimal trade-off between effort, accuracy and specificity in most scenarios. This methodology and accompanying R package ‘hardRain’ is the first automated rainfall detection tool for pre-processing large acoustic datasets without the need for any additional rain gauge data.

10aAcoustic pre-processing10abioacoustics10aecoacoustics10aEnvironmental monitoring10aRain detection10aSoundscape ecology1 aMetcalf, Oliver, C.1 aLees, Alexander, C.1 aBarlow, Jos1 aMarsden, Stuart, J.1 aDevenish, Christian uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X19307873