02894nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001300041245010600054210006900160260001600229300001400245490000800259520179700267653002402064653000802088653001802096653003202114653001302146653001902159653002902178100001902207700002002226700002002246700001702266700001202283700001702295700001902312700001602331856023302347 2018 eng d a0003347200aAcoustic similarity elicits responses to heterospecific distress calls in bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera)0 aAcoustic similarity elicits responses to heterospecific distress cJan-12-2018 a143 - 1540 v1463 a

Frequently, individuals of one species respond to alarm calls produced by another species. This form of interspecies communication can be critical for survival. How animals recognize and respond to heterospecific alarm calls is, however, still poorly understood. This is especially true for bats, which are highly vocal and possess a specialized auditory system. We hypothesized that, among bat species, acoustic similarity between heterospecific and conspecific alarm calls is a key factor that underlies call recognition. However, this ability could also be acquired via associative learning from prior exposure or result from phylogenetic relatedness among caller and receiver species, as shown by others. Here we focused on distress calls of bats as representing a certain type of alarm call. To test our hypothesis, we recorded distress calls of 11 bat species from four families at five different sites. We broadcast the recorded calls to three of these species (Rhinolophus sinicus, Myotis badius and Myotis laniger). For all three species, neither prior exposure (familiarity) nor phylogenetic relatedness explained the variation in the response strength, as measured by echolocation vocalizations of receiver species in response to playback of heterospecific distress calls. In contrast, acoustic similarity, especially in peak frequency, between conspecific and heterospecific distress calls, was positively correlated with response strength in the receiver species. Thus, our findings emphasize that, at least among bats, acoustic similarity is a key factor allowing recognition of heterospecific alarm calls. It remains unclear whether evolutionary, genetic and/or neurophysiological mechanisms entrain an individual to respond selectively to a specific acoustic feature.

10aacoustic similarity10abat10adistress call10ainterspecific eavesdropping10alearning10apeak frequency10aphylogenetic relatedness1 aHuang, Xiaobin1 aMetzner, Walter1 aZhang, Kangkang1 aWang, Yujuan1 aLuo, Bo1 aSun, Congnan1 aJiang, Tinglei1 aFeng, Jiang uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218303191https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218303191?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218303191?httpAccept=text/plain01999nas a2200265 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187260001600256300001400272490000800286520117800294653001001472653002601482653002201508653002401530653001401554100001501568700001601583700001901599700001301618700001601631700001601647700001601663856005401679 2017 eng d00aThe effects of cultural drift on geographic variation in echolocation calls of the Chinese rufous horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus sinicus)0 aeffects of cultural drift on geographic variation in echolocatio cJan-08-2017 a532 - 5410 v1233 a

Drift, selection, or their combined effects commonly drive geographic variation in traits. Clarifying the relative roles of each process is a long-standing research goal in evolutionary biology. Acoustic signals of bats are a phenotypic characteristic that plays an important role in social organization and species recognition. We extensively sampled the Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus) throughout China and Vietnam and reconstructed a species phylogeny to better understand the patterns and causes of the geographic variation of acoustic signals. Our results showed that the resting frequency (RF) of calls varied with latitude, sex, and distance among different colony locations. RF differences were not correlated with genetic distance (based on only one nuclear locus and the mitochondrial locus), climatic factors (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitable water), or body size, although differences in calls increased with distance among various populations. This suggests that cultural drift may play more important roles than genetic drift and acoustic adaptation in shaping acoustic differences within regions in R. sinicus.

10adrift10ageographic variation10aresting frequency10aRhinolophus sinicus10aselection1 aXie, Lifen1 aSun, Keping1 aJiang, Tinglei1 aLiu, Sen1 aLu, Guanjun1 aJin, Longru1 aFeng, Jiang uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2017.123.issue-8