01669nas a2200121 4500008004100000245017100041210006900212520113400281100002001415700002501435700003101460856005601491 2007 eng d00aA shift toward harmonics for high-frequency calling shown with phylogenetic study of frequency spectra in Eneopterinae crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Eneopteridae)0 ashift toward harmonics for highfrequency calling shown with phyl3 a

Dominant frequency is an important feature of cricket song, as it can be used for species recognition and mate choice. The dominant frequency usually ranges from 2 to 8 kHz and corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the song. In preliminary studies we documented high-frequency songs in the subfamily Eneopterinae. To analyse this phenom- enon further, we investigate the spectral properties of these cricket songs. Based on the analysis of the frequency spectra in reference to phylogeny, we show that a shift of dominant frequency from the fundamental toward the second or the third harmonic of the song occurred in the Lebinthini tribe. In this clade the upper harmonics (second or third) become the most powerful frequencies of the song. From an evolutionary point of view, we document a case of convergence toward high-frequency calling between species of Eneoptera Burmeister, 1838, which emit alternatively low and high fundamental frequencies, and the Lebinthini, which emit high frequencies using upper harmonics. Functional hypotheses are discussed to explain how these high frequencies could be produced.

1 aROBILLARD, TONY1 aGrandcolas, Philippe1 aDesutter-Grandcolas, Laure uhttp://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/Z07-10601672nas a2200181 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164520103500233653002101268653001701289653001701306653001501323653002101338100002701359700002201386700002701408856005501435 2007 eng d00aListening when there is no sexual signalling? Maintenance of hearing in the asexual bushcricket Poecilimon intermedius0 aListening when there is no sexual signalling Maintenance of hear3 a

Unisexual reproduction is a widespread phenomenon in invertebrates and lower vertebrates. If a former sexual reproducing species becomes parthe- nogenetic, we expect traits that were subject to sexual selection to diminish. The bushcricket Poecilimon intermedius is one of the few insect species with obli- gate but diploid parthenogenetic reproduction. We contrasted characters that are involved in mating in a sexually sibling species with the identical structures in the parthenogenetic P. intermedius. Central for sexual communication are male songs, while receptive females approach the males phonotactically. Com- pared to its sister-species P. ampliatus, the morphology of the hearing organs (acoustic spiracle, crista acustica) and the function of hearing (acoustic threshold) are reduced in P. intermedius. Nonetheless, hearing is clearly maintained in the parthenogenetic females. Natural selection by acoustic hunting bats, pleiotropy or a developmental trap may explain the well main- tained hearing function.

10aAuditory ecology10abioacoustics10aneuroanatomy10aRegression10aVestigialization1 aLehmann, Gerlind, U.C.1 aStrauß, Johannes1 aLakes-Harlan, Reinhard uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0209-y01976nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173520137300242653002701615653001201642653002101654653002001675653001501695100002101710700002001731856005501751 2007 eng d00aListening for males and bats: spectral processing in the hearing organ of Neoconocephalus bivocatus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)0 aListening for males and bats spectral processing in the hearing 3 a

Tettigoniids use hearing for mate finding and the avoidance of predators (mainly bats). Using intracellular recordings, we studied the response properties of auditory receptor cells of Neoconocephalus bivocatus to different sound frequencies, with a special focus on the frequency ranges representative of male calls and bat cries. We found several response properties that may represent adaptations for hearing in both contexts. Receptor cells with characteristic frequencies close to the dominant frequency of the communication signal were more broadly tuned, thus extending their range of high sensitivity. This increases the number of cells responding to the dominant frequency of the male call at low signal amplitudes, which should improve long distance call localization. Many cells tuned to audio frequencies had intermediate thresholds for ultrasound. As a consequence, a large number of receptors should be recruited at intermediate amplitudes of bat cries. This collective response of many receptors may function to emphasize predator information in the sensory system, and correlates with the amplitude range at which ultrasound elicits evasive behavior in tettigoniids. We compare our results with spectral processing in crickets, and discuss that both groups evolved different adaptations for the perceptual tasks of mate and predator detection.

10aacoustic communication10ahearing10aPredator evasion10aReceptor tuning10aultrasound1 aHöbel, Gerlinde1 aSchul, Johannes uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-007-0245-701570nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183520095800252653001801210653002101228653001501249100002401264700001601288856012001304 2007 eng d00aFlight and hearing: ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight-capable and flight-incapable morphs of a wing-dimorphic cricket species0 aFlight and hearing ultrasound sensitivity differs between flight3 a

We studied frequency sensitivity of flight-capable and flight-incapable forms of the wing-dimorphic cricket Gryllus texensis, using both behavioral and neurophysiological measurements. Behavioral thresholds for negative phonotaxis in response to ultrasound stimuli are lower for long-winged (i.e. flight-capable) crickets than for short-winged (flight-incapable) individuals, whereas thresholds for positive phonotaxis in response to a calling-song model do not differ. Similarly, thresholds of the identified interneurons ON1 and AN2 differ between flight morphs for high sound frequencies but not for the frequency of calling song. Our results show that sensitivity to ultrasound is closely linked to flight ability, and thus to the risk of predation from aerially hawking bats. We suggest that sensitivity to ultrasound is one of a suite of flight-associated characteristics, the development of which may be under common hormonal regulation.

10abat predation10ajuvenile hormone10aphonotaxis1 aPollack, Gerald, S.1 aMartins, R. uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/doi/10.1242/jeb.008136https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1242/jeb.00813601584nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146300001400215490000700229520085400236653001401090653002601104653002401130653002801154653002201182653002101204100002001225700001701245700002101262856007101283 2007 eng d a0367-504100aA new cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) for Castilla-La Mancha and the Iberian Peninsula0 anew cricket Orthoptera Gryllidae for CastillaLa Mancha and the I a305 - 3130 v633 a

We report Tartarogryllus tartarus (Saussure, 1874), a species with disjunct distribution in the Mediterranean-Turanean area, for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula. We summarize morphological charateristics for the species identification adding some new relevant traits to distinguish it from Acheta domesticus and Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis, particularly the interior tympanic opening that is shaped like a narrow slot whereas it is almost rounded in Acheta and Eumodicogryllus. We have found the species in cereal crops and vegetation around hiper-saline lagoons of arid lands (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Adult emergence occurs in May with maximum sexual activity at the end of this month and in June. We suspect that this species may be more widely distributed in other regions of the Iberian Peninsula with appropriate habitat.

10aarid land10adisjunct distribution10ahipersaline lagoons10aTartarogryllus tartarus10ataxonomic studies10atympanic opening1 aCordero, P., J.1 aLlorente, V.1 aAparicio, J., M. uhttp://graellsia.revistas.csic.es/index.php/graellsia/issue/view/801540nas a2200229 4500008004100000245015200041210006900193300001000262490000700272520079700279653001401076653001901090653001701109653003401126653001501160653001701175100002201192700002001214700001601234700001901250856004101269 2007 eng d00aSouthern Cricket Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in the Czech Republic: new records and notes on the biology and stridulation0 aSouthern Cricket Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis Orthoptera Grylli a47-550 v763 aRecently, the population of Eumodicogryllus bordigalensis consisting of more than ten males has been observed in Novosedly railway station in the most south-eastern part of the Czech Republic during 2004-2006. The individuals occupied railway embankment composed of coarse grit. Single male was found on other place at Mušlov sand pit. In southern Moravia, this species probably occurs on the northern edge of its range. The adults occur from the beginning of June to the beginning of September. The calling song of males of E. bordigalensis from Novosedly consists of long, uninterrupted sequence of syllables which lasts several minutes. The normal duration of syllables were 0.122-0.149 s, they are consisted of 11-13 impulses and the carrier frequency shows a band between 4.6-15.5 KHz.10abionomics10aCzech Republic10adistribution10aEumodicogryllus bordigalensis10afaunistics10astridulation1 aHoluša, Jaroslav1 aKočárek, Petr1 aVlk, Robert1 aMarhoul, Pavel uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/4781701830nas a2200241 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189260001600258300001400274490000700288520098700295653001701282653001501299653001801314653001301332100002201345700001701367700002801384700002601412700002401438700002801462856009801490 2007 eng d00aStridulatory file and calling song of two populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)0 aStridulatory file and calling song of two populations of the tro cJan-12-2007 a461 - 4650 v973 a

This study characterizes the calling song and ultramorphology of the stridulatory file of two geographically isolated populations of the tropical bush cricket Eneoptera surinamensis (De Geer, 1773) from city of Foz do Iguaçu, state of Paraná, and town of Rio Claro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, distant 1,000 Km from each other. The teeth are shell-shaped, the larger ones are dis tributed in the medium region of the file, decreasing gradually in size towards the edges. Specimens from Foz do Iguaçu have a file with 82 ± 9.8 teeth, length=1.89 mm ± 0.15 with 43.76 ± 5.94 teeth per mm (n=15). Specimens from Rio Claro present a file with 87 ± 9.81, length=1.9 6 ± 0.19 mm with 44.52 ± 4.61 teeth per mm (n=15). Statistical differences found between the two populations are not significant. The calling song is an uninterrupted trill that alternates two sets of notes distinct for its temporal features.

10abioacoustics10aGrylloidea10apars stridens10asonogram1 aMiyoshi, Akio, R.1 aZefa, Edison1 aMartins, Luciano, de P.1 aDias, Pedro, G. B. S.1 aDrehmer, César, J.1 aDornelles, José, E. F. uhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212007000400016&lng=en&tlng=en