02476nas a2200133   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260001600222300001400238490000700252520200700259856007602266       1961                        eng d  a0005-795900aAggressiveness, Territoriality, and Sexual Behavior in Field Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)0 aAggressiveness Territoriality and Sexual Behavior in Field Crick  cJan-01-1961  a130 - 2230 v173 a<p>Most contacts between adult male field crickets involve aggressive behavior by one or both individuals and terminate with the obvious retreat of one individual. Aggressive behavior consists of one or more of several actions: in mild encounters there is either rearing of the forebody, lashing of the antennae, and shaking of the body, or else rearing of the hind body, kicking with the hind legs, and shaking of the body; in intense encounters, antennal lashing and rearing of the forebody are followed by spreading the mandibles, stridulating distinctively, rushing forward, sparring with the forelegs, butting with the head, and grappling, wrestling, or biting with the mandibles. A male is often flipped back or thrown sideways, but mutilation as a result of fighting is rare, and only in the most intense encounters is the winner determined by what seems to be superior strength or fighting ability. The outcomes of most encounters are determined by the relative tenacity of the two males, and the intensity of aggression exhibited is correlated with the length of the fight, continued aggressive activity developing into increasingly severe combat until one male finally retreats. Groups of adult male field crickets caged in small arenas form essentially linear dominance hierarchies which are stable for short periods of time and which can be described in terms of several characteristics: (1) each male dominates all or nearly all of his encounters with males below him in the hierarchy, (2) the total number of encounters by individual males decreases gradually toward the bottom of the hierarchy, (3) the intensity of aggression exhibited during encounters decreases more or less gradually toward the bottom of the hierarchy and the numbers of no-decision and no-aggression encounters and actively homosexual contacts increase, and (4) encounters between males which rank next to each other are usually more intense than encounters between males which are far apart in the hierarchy.</p>
  uhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/10.1163/156853961x0004202583nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001300041245012600054210006900180260001600249300001400265490000700279520171500286653002002001653001902021653002502040653001202065653001302077653001802090653002202108653002102130653002102151653002102172100002302193700002302216856006602239       2011                        eng d  a0003347200aEffects of juvenile and adult condition on long-distance call components in the Jamaican field cricket, Gryllus assimilis0 aEffects of juvenile and adult condition on longdistance call com  cJan-01-2011  a135 - 1440 v813 a<p>Complex signals may arise through either content- or efficacy-based selection. Content-based signals are thought to evolve because of the information content they provide to the receiver. Such signals may function as multiple messages, each relaying different information or types of information. For example, some signals or signal components may indicate different aspects of condition, or condition at different life stages (quality signals), while others relay information on signaller location, or function in species recognition. Or they may act as redundant signals of overall condition, or as backup signals of the same aspect of condition. Efficacy-based signals are proposed to evolve because of the way in which they influence the production, transmission, reception or processing of the signal. We manipulated juvenile and adult condition in male Jamaican field crickets, Gryllus assimilis, to test whether changes in components of the male&rsquo;s long-distance acoustic mate attraction signal were consistent with content- or efficacy-based selection. Several call components exhibited condition-dependence, and may be under content-based selection. Interpulse duration, pulse rate and chirp duration appeared to honestly signal juvenile condition, while dominant frequency appeared to signal adult condition. Thus, these signal components appeared to be acting as multiple messages of quality. Pulse number, interchirp duration and chirp rate were highly stereotyped and probably function in species recognition. Call number increased with decreasing condition and was likely under efficacy-based selection. No call components appeared to have the potential to act as redundant signals.</p>
10aacoustic signal10acomplex signal10acondition-dependence10acontent10aefficacy10aField cricket10amultiple messages10amultiple signals10aredundant signal10asexual selection1 aWhattam, Emily, M.1 aBertram, Susan, M.  uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721000393300408nas a2200121   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001400195300001000209490000700219100001900226856004100245       1951                        eng d00aThe Seasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh, North Carolina0 aSeasonal Succession of Orthopteran Stridulation near Raleigh Nor  cJune 1951  a87-950 v671 aFulton, B., B.  uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/ja/node/43232