@article {58143,
	title = {First recording of the sound produced by the black citrus aphid, <i>Toxoptera aurantii</i>               (Boy.)},
	year = {1971},
	abstract = {<p>The black citrus aphid, Toxaptera aurantii (Boy.), produces a distinct scraping sound by rhythmic movements of whole colonies. It is the only species of aphid known to produce audible sounds and the acoustical content of a preliminary recording of these sounds is reported in detail. During one recording the aphids stridulated 15 times in 21 seconds, giving an average period of 1\&ndash;4 seconds between emissions and this rate remained virtually constant for at least an hour. Analysis of the recording established a clear peak frequency band at about 4\&ndash;6 kHz with another around 800 Hz-1 kHz and possibly another in the ultra-sonic range above 18 kHz. Morphological adaptations of the abdominal cuticle and of the hind tibiae to form a stridulatory apparatus are illustrated and possible functions of stridulation as a defence mechanism or as a means of intraspecific communication are briefly discussed.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1017/S0007485300042322},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007485300042322/type/journal_articlehttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0007485300042322},
	author = {Broughton, W. B. and Harris, K. M.}
}
