02437nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260001600264300001600280490000800296520158400304100001901888700002301907700002101930700002301951700002501974700001801999700001702017700002402034700001802058700002202076700002202098856005102120       2018                        eng d  a0001-496600aTemporal variations in humpback whale (<i>Megaptera novaeangliae</i>) song in Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, northeast Pacific0 aTemporal variations in humpback whale iMegaptera novaeangliaei s  cJan-09-2018  a1953 - 19530 v1443 a<p>Using two years of nearly continuous recordings from Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, August 2015 through July 2017, variations in humpback whale song are examined on diel, seasonal, and interannual time scales. The cabled hydrophone is in humpback feeding and migratory habitat at 36.7128&deg;N, 122.186&deg;W. Diel analyses show 69% of song during night, 23% during day, and 8% during dusk or dawn. Seasonal analyses show song absence during summer (June&ndash;August), emergence during fall (September&ndash;October), peak during late fall/winter (November&ndash;January), and highly variable detection during spring (February&ndash;May). During both years &gt;80% of song occurred during the November&ndash;January peak. Song detection within a month reached a maximum of 58% of the time during November 2016. Song length increased (p &lt; 0.01) month-to-month from the start in fall through the end of the peak in January. The months of maximum song occurrence coincide with declining visual sighting of humpbacks within Monterey Bay, consistent with seasonal southward migration to breeding habitat and/or more offshore residence. Interannual variation in song was marked by a 51% increase between the first and second years. Habitat during the first year was strongly influenced by a prolonged regional oceanic warm anomaly and the largest toxic algal bloom ever recorded in the northeast Pacific. Alternative hypotheses for the interannual difference in song detection relate to differences in humpback regional abundance, behavior, and habitat occupancy.</p>
1 aRyan, John, P.1 aCline, Danelle, E.1 aJoseph, John, E.1 aMargolina, Tetyana1 aStimpert, Alison, K.1 aForney, Karin1 aBlack, Nancy1 aDeVogelaere, Andrew1 aFischer, Mark1 aWahl, Christopher1 aChavez, Francisco  uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5068537