<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fishbein, Adam R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Idsardi, William J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ball, Gregory F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dooling, Robert J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sound sequences in birdsong: how much do birds really care?</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">birdsong</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fine structure</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phonology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sequence perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">syntax</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.0044</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The complex and melodic nature of many birds&amp;#39; songs has raised interest in potential parallels between avian vocal sequences and human speech. The similarities between birdsong and speech in production and learning are well established, but surprisingly little is known about how birds perceive song sequences. One popular laboratory songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), has recently attracted attention as an avian model for human speech, in part because the male learns to produce the individual elements in its song motif in a fixed sequence. But psychoacoustic evidence shows that adult zebra finches are relatively insensitive to the sequential features of song syllables. Instead, zebra finches and other birds seem to be exquisitely sensitive to the acoustic details of individual syllables to a degree that is beyond human hearing capacity. Based on these findings, we present a finite-state model of zebra finch perception of song syllable sequences and discuss the rich informational capacity of their vocal system. Furthermore, we highlight the abilities of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a parrot species, to hear sequential features better than zebra finches and suggest that neurophysiological investigations comparing these species could prove fruitful for uncovering neural mechanisms for auditory sequence perception in human speech.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutscher, Lorenz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pucher, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lozo, Carina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hoeschele, Marisa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mann, Daniel C</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Statistical parametric synthesis of budgerigar songs</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioacoustics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bird song</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HMM- based synthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">speech synthesis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In this paper we present the synthesis of budgerigar songs with Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and the HMM-based Speech Synthesis System (HTS). Budgerigars can produce complex and diverse sounds that are difficult to categorize. We adapted tech- niques that are commonly used in the area of speech synthe- sis so that we can use them for the synthesis of budgerigar songs. To segment the recordings, the songs are broken down into phrases, which are sounds separated by silence. Complex phrases furthermore can be subdivided into smaller units and then be clustered to identify recurring elements. These ele- ment categories along with additional contextual information are used together to enhance the training and synthesis. Over- all, the aim of the process is to offer an interface that gener- ates new sequences and compositions of bird songs based on user input, consisting of the desired song structure and contex- tual information. Finally, an objective evaluation comparing the synthesized output to the natural recording is performed, and a subjective evaluation with human listeners shows that they pre- fer resynthesized over natural recordings and that they perceive no significant differences in terms of naturalness between natu- ral, resynthesized, and synthesized versions.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Seki, Yoshimasa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomyta, Kenta</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of metronomic sounds on a self-paced tapping task in budgerigars and humans</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Current Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">operant conditioning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">parrots</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rhythm</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">synchronisation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocal learning</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-10-2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://academic.oup.com/cz/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cz/zoy075/5126939</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The origin of rhythmic synchronisation or entrainment to a musical beat in animals have been widely discussed. Parrots are suitable animals to examine the relationship between the capability of vocal learning and spontaneous rhythmic synchronisation. In this study, budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) learned to tap (peck) two keys alternately at a self-paced rate. Then, the metronomic sounds were played in the background during test sessions while the birds were performing the key pecking task, although they were not required to synchronise tap timing with the metronome. We found modest but significant effects of the metronome rhythms on the tap timing in some subjects. We also tested humans (Homo sapiens) using almost the same method. In contrast to the birds, a number of human subjects synchronised tap timing to the onset of the metronome without verbal or documented instructions. However, we failed to find an effect of the metronome on self-paced tap timing in some human subjects, although they were capable of rhythmic synchronisation. This is the first report describing the effects of metronomic sounds on self-paced tapping in non-human vocal learners. This study introduces a new method that can be used in future research comparing birds that differ in vocal learning capacities, social structure, age, sex, hormonal status, and so on as part of examinations of the evolutionary foundations of beat processing.&lt;/p&gt;
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