@article {58409,
	title = {Morphological Evidence for the Sensitivity of the Ear Canal of Odontocetes as shown by Immunohistochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy},
	year = {2020},
	abstract = {<p>Tthe function of the external ear canal in cetaceans is still under debate and its morphology is largely\&nbsp;unknown. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses using antibodies specific for nervous tissue (anti-S100, anti-NSE, anti-NF, and anti-PGP 9.5), together with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and various histological techniques, were carried out to investigate the peripheral nervous system of the ear canals of several species of toothed whales and terrestrial cetartiodactyla. this study highlights the innervation of the ear canal with the presence of lamellar corpuscles over its entire course, and their absence in all studied terrestrial mammals. Each corpuscle consisted of a central axon, surrounded\&nbsp;by lamellae of Schwann receptor cells, surrounded by a thin cellular layer, as shown by IHC and TEM. These findings indicate that the corpuscles are mechanoreceptors that resemble the inner core of Pacinian corpuscles without capsule or outer core, and were labelled as simple lamellar corpuscles. They form part of a sensory system that may represent a unique phylogenetic feature of cetaceans, and an evolutionary adaptation to life in the marine environment. Although the exact function of the ear canal is not fully clear, we provide essential knowledge and a preliminary hypothetical deviation on its function as a unique sensory organ.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-61170-4},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61170-4},
	author = {De Vreese, Steffen and Andr{\'e}, Michel and Cozzi, Bruno and Centelleghe, Cinzia and van der Schaar, Mike and Mazzariol, Sandro}
}
@article {47322,
	title = {Acoustic classification of dolphins in the California Current using whistles, echolocation clicks, and burst pulses},
	journal = {Marine Mammal Science},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-12-2016},
	abstract = {<p>Passive acoustic monitoring of dolphins is limited by our ability to classify calls to species. Significant overlap in call characteristics among many species, combined with a wide range of call types and acoustic behavior, makes classification of calls to species challenging. Here, we introduce BANTER, a compound acoustic classification method for dolphins that utilizes information from all call types produced by dolphins rather than a single call type, as has been typical for acoustic classifiers. Output from the passive acoustic monitoring software, PAMGuard, was used to create independent classifiers for whistles, echolocation clicks, and burst pulses, which were then merged into a final, compound classifier for each species. Classifiers for five species found in the California Current ecosystem were trained and tested using 153 single-species acoustic events recorded during a 4.5 mo combined visual and acoustic shipboard cetacean survey off the west coast of the United States. Correct classification scores for individual species ranged from 71\% to 92\%, with an overall correct classification score of 84\% for all five species. The conceptual framework of this approach easily lends itself to other species and study areas as well as to noncetacean taxa.</p>
},
	keywords = {acoustics, burst pulses, classification, delphinids, dolphins, echolocation clicks, whistles},
	doi = {10.1111/mms.12381},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/mms.12381},
	author = {Rankin, Shannon and Archer, Frederick and Keating, Jennifer L. and Oswald, Julie N. and Oswald, Michael and Curtis, Alex and Barlow, Jay}
}
