@article {53150, title = {Female preferences for male calling bout duration in a field cricket}, journal = {Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology}, volume = {19}, year = {1986}, month = {Jan-06-1986}, pages = {73 - 77}, abstract = {

The calls of male field crickets attract sexually receptive females. In Gryllus integer, males differ from one another in their durations of uninterrupted calling (calling bout lengths). Tape recordings of the calls of 50 wild-caught males revealed that 14 males spent most of their calling time in short bouts (Fig. 1A), 18 in both short and long bouts (Fig. 1B), and 18 in long bouts (Fig. 1C). Re-recordings of 32 males after 3 weeks showed that calling bout lengths of individual males are stable with time (age) (Fig. 2). Three phonotaxis experiments investigated whether calling bout lengths of males affect female preferences. They demonstrated that (1) females can discriminate among conspecific males on the basis of calls alone; (2) females are preferentially attracted to males with long calling bout lengths; and (3) calling bout length is the specific factor responsible for preferential attraction. These results precisely identify a criterion that females use to discriminate among potential mates of their own species.

}, keywords = {female preference, Individual Male, Potential Mate, Specific Factor, Tape Recording}, issn = {0340-5443}, doi = {10.1007/BF00303845}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00303845}, author = {Ann V. Hedrick} } @article {53148, title = {Song harmonic content as a parameter determining acoustic orientation behaviour in the cricketTeleogryllus oceanicus (Le Guillou)}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {158}, year = {1986}, pages = {583{\textendash}591}, abstract = {

Analyses of natural songs from the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus confirm (after Hutchings and Lewis 1984) that the songs are rich in harmonics which extend up to around 55 kHz. A series of synthetic song models with a varying harmonic content were used to determine the relevance of these harmonics to the orientation behaviour of the insects.

In two-choice experiments in which song models were presented simultaneously, crickets showed a clear discrimination between a song with harmonics and a song without. Female insects orientated preferentially to a song with harmonics. Interestingly, males preferred a song model without harmonics in the two-choice situation.

Two experimental regimes were used to test orientation accuracy, a forced-choice (Y maze) phonotactic experiment and a study of free phonotaxis in the behavioural arena. The results of both experimental approaches confirm that crickets orientate more accurately to a song with harmonics and can discriminate smaller angles to sound sources ahead and lateral to the insect.

Presentations of song models in which the fundamental (5 kHz) was attenuated relative to the 2nd harmonic have given results that imply a process of neural integration (two-tone or side band suppression) of the fundamental and the high-frequency harmonics.

}, keywords = {Arena, Orientation Accuracy, Orientation Behaviour, Side Band, Small Angle}, author = {William Latimer and Lewis, DB} } @article {53140, title = {Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Song}, journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics}, volume = {17}, year = {1986}, month = {Jan-11-1986}, pages = {507 - 533}, issn = {0066-4162}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.002451}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.es.17.110186.002451}, author = {Searcy, W A and Andersson, M} } @article {53135, title = {Insect hearing in the field II. Male spacing behaviour and correlated acoustic cues in the bushcricket Mygalopsis marki}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology A}, volume = {159}, year = {1986}, pages = {627{\textendash}638}, abstract = {

1. Distances between calling maleMygalopsis marki Bailey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) were measured in two geographically distinct populations. Mean intermale distances differed significantly in the two habitats (6.2 m and 11.5 m), but the sound pressure level of the nearest neighbour, measured at each focal male, was close to 65 dB SPL in both populations (Figs. 4, 6).

2. Using the response of an identified auditory interneuron as a \‘biological microphone\’, the maximum hearing distance of males was tested. It was found to be affected by the size of the calling male, its posture, perch height and the vegetation density. Perch height alone influenced the maximum broadcast area of males by some 100\%. Nearest neighbour distances were less than half the maximum hearing distances, confirming by neurophysiological methods that males do not space on threshold sensitivity to the complete call (Fig. 5).

3. The ability of the bushcricket to perceive the temporal characteristic of the call was also tested with the auditory interneuron over increasing distances from a signaller. The temporal integrity of the song was found to be maintained over the whole broadcasting area (Fig. 9).

4. The call has two energy peaks at 10 kHz and 20 kHz. The intensity of each peak attenuated differentially with increasing distance from the signaller; the low frequency component had a low variance at the nearest neighbour distance (SD: +4 dB/\−6 dB) compared to the high frequency component (SD: +5 dB/\−12.5 dB) (Fig. 8). The importance of the total sound pressure level and the relative intensity of the major frequency components of the song are discussed in relation to likely cues available to the male for maintaining spacing.

}, keywords = {Focal Male, Frequency Component, High Frequency Component, Neighbour Distance, Sound Pressure Level}, author = {Heiner R{\"o}mer and Winston J. Bailey} } @article {47842, title = {Warm-Up and Stridulation in the Buschcricket, Hexacentrus Unicolor Serville (Orthoptera, Conocephalidae, Listroscelidinae)}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Biology}, volume = {126}, year = {1986}, pages = {97-109}, chapter = {97}, abstract = {

The morphology of the stridulatory organ of the tropical bushcricket Hexacentrus unicolor is described and an investigation is made of stridulatory movements and muscle activities.

\ \ \  1. The song is produced by extremely fast stridulatory movements (320\–415 Hz), during which, while closing the wings, a highly specialized file is brought into contact with the plectrum to produce sound. The muscles are activated with the same frequency, i.e. they work synchronously (neurogenic).

\ \ \  2. A few minutes before the stridulation starts, the muscles are activated in a similar rhythm to that pertaining during singing (pattern of spike trains and pauses). As a result, the thorax temperature increases considerably (up to approximately 37\°C, 13\–15\°C higher than the ambient temperature). The frequency of the muscle potentials within the spike trains rises during warm-up. There are, however, indications that no phase displacement of antagonistically working muscles takes place.

}, author = {Klaus-Gerhard Heller} } @article {17246, title = {Acoustic observation of Aedes diantaeus males during pairing}, volume = {20}, year = {1986}, pages = {351-355}, chapter = {351}, abstract = {

The reaction of males of Aedes diantaeus to different auditory stimuli was studied in natural environment during swarming and under laboratory conditions. The males were attrcated by 250-420 Hz that corresponds to the main frequencies of flight tones of sympatric females and the range of sensitivity of the male Johnston\&$\#$39;s organs. Behavioural data show that in natural environemnt swarming males are attracted by flying conspecific and heterospecific females rather than by dead or immobilized females. Contact with heterospecific females always ended in parting misquitos while contact with cospecific females resulted in pairing. Thus, sarwming males of Aedes diantaeus localize females by their flight tones but recognisze the females of their own species in contact.

}, author = {S. G. Apasov and R. D. Zhantiev and N. A. Tamarina and M. V. Federova} } @article {17236, title = {Confusion of Phonotaxis by Masking Sounds in the Bushcricket Conocephalus brevipennis (Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)}, journal = {Ethology}, volume = {73}, year = {1986}, month = {Dec-01-1986}, pages = {19 - 28}, abstract = {

Female Conocephalus brevipennis, executing phonotaxis to the call of a conspecific male broadcast from a speaker, were subjected to varying levels of background sound so as to progressively mask the attracting signal. The background consisted of either random noise or the call of a sympatric congener, C. nigropleurum and was delivered from above the orienting female. Disruption of phonotaxis was assayed by monitoring the angular dispersion of the female\&$\#$39;s exit path from the arena, relative to the position of the conspecific call. Random noise significantly interfered with phonotaxis when it was within 2 dB of the conspecific call intensity, both signals measured at the centre of the arena. The equivalent effect of the call C. nigropleurum was 5 dB above conspecific call intensity. The implication of signal loss within background noise is discussed as are the possible interactive behaviours of competing sympatric syntopic species.

}, doi = {10.1111/eth.1986.73.issue-110.1111/j.1439-0310.1986.tb00996.x}, url = {http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eth.1986.73.issue-1}, author = {Winston J. Bailey and Glenn K. Morris} }