@article {58420, title = {It Is Not Just a Matter of Noise: Sciaena umbra Vocalizes More in the Busiest Areas of the Venice Tidal Inlets}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

Boat noise is known to have a detrimental effect on a vulnerable Mediterranean sciaenid, the brown meagre Sciaena umbra. During summer 2019, two acoustic surveys were conducted at 40 listening points distributed within the inlet areas of Venice (northern Adriatic Sea). Two five- minute recordings were collected per each point during both the boat traffic hours and the peak of the species\’ vocal activity with the aims of (1) characterizing the local noise levels and (2) evaluating the fish spatial distribution by means of its sounds. High underwater broadband noise levels were found (sound pressure levels (SPLs)50\–20kHz 107\–137 dB re 1 \μPa). Interestingly, a significantly higher background noise within the species\’ hearing sensibility (100\–3150 Hz) was highlighted in the afternoon (113 \± 5 dB re 1 \μPa) compared to the night (103 \± 7 dB re 1 \μPa) recordings due to a high vessel traffic. A cluster analysis based on Sciaena umbra vocalizations separated the listening points in three groups: highly vocal groups experienced higher vessel presence and higher afternoon noise levels compared to the lower ones. Since the species\’ sounds are a proxy of spawning events, this suggests that the reproductive activity was placed in the noisier part of the inlets.

}, keywords = {anthropogenic noise passive acoustic monitoring, coastal areas, fish, protected species, reproduction}, doi = {10.3390/jmse9020237}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/2/237}, author = {Picciulin, Marta and Facca, Chiara and Fiorin, Riccardo and Riccato, Federico and Zucchetta, Matteo and Malavasi, Stefano} } @article {58393, title = {Mesopelagic Sound Scattering Layers of the High Arctic: Seasonal Variations in Biomass, Species Assemblage, and Trophic Relationships}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Mesopelagic sound scattering layers (SSL) are ubiquitous in all oceans. Pelagic organisms within the SSL play important roles as prey for higher trophic levels and in climate regulation through the biological carbon pump. Yet, the biomass and species composition of SSL in the Arctic Ocean remain poorly documented, particularly in winter. A multifrequency echosounder detected a SSL north of Svalbard, from 79.8 to 81.4\°N, in January 2016, August 2016, and January 2017. Midwater trawl sampling confirmed that the SSL comprised zooplankton and pelagic fish of boreal and Arctic origins. Arctic cod dominated the fish assemblage in August and juvenile beaked redfish in January. The macrozooplankton community mainly comprised the medusa Cyanea capillata, the amphipod Themisto libellula, and the euphausiids Meganyctiphanes norvegica in August and Thysanoessa inermis in January. The SSL was located in the Atlantic Water mass, between 200\–700 m in August and between 50\–500 m in January. In January, the SSL was shallower and weaker above the deeper basin, where less Atlantic Water penetrated. The energy content available in the form of lipids within the SSL was significantly higher in summer than winter. The biomass within the SSL was \>12-fold higher in summer, and the diversity of fish was slightly higher than in winter (12 vs. 9 species). We suggest that these differences are mainly related to life history and ontogenetic changes resulting in a descent toward the seafloor, outside the mesopelagic layer, in winter. In addition, some fish species of boreal origin, such as the spotted barracudina, did not seem to survive the polar night when advected from the Atlantic into the Arctic. Others, mainly juvenile beaked redfish, were abundant in both summer and winter, implying that the species can survive the polar night and possibly extend its range into the high Arctic. Fatty-acid trophic markers revealed that Arctic cod mainly fed on calanoid copepods while juvenile beaked redfish targeted krill (Thysanoessa spp.). The relatively high biomass of Arctic cod in August and of redfish in January thus suggests a shift within the SSL, from a Calanus-based food web in summer to a krill-based food web during winter.

}, keywords = {Arctic and boreal ecosystems, Barents Sea, Boreogadus saida, fatty acid trophic markers, mesopelagic fish and zooplankton, seasonality, Sebastes, Svalbard}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00364}, author = {Geoffroy, Maxime and Daase, Malin and Cusa, Marine and Darnis, G{\'e}rald and Graeve, Martin and Santana Hern{\'a}ndez, N{\'e}stor and Berge, J{\o}rgen and Renaud, Paul E. and Cottier, Finlo and Falk-Petersen, Stig} } @article {58391, title = {Sound Production and Mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas (Polyprionidae)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

This study provided a first detailed description of the acoustic calls and the possible sound production mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass (Stereolepis gigas). Passive acoustic (hydrophone) recordings of Giant Sea Bass sounds were made of three mature individuals (40\–45 kg) held in a circular 17,000 l seawater tank isolated from other fish species. Four basic sounds plus combinations were identified from the tank recordings when fish were present and were encountered on numerous occasions throughout the study. We classified the basic sounds as two types of pulses (A and B), short bursts, and long bursts, and combinations of short and long bursts. Mean peak frequencies of the four sound types were less than 39 Hz, while mean durations ranged from 67 ms to 545 ms, depending on sound type. We also obtained and dissected two mature, adult Giant Sea Bass to describe the morphology of a putative sound production mechanism. Five putative sonic muscles were discovered between each of the first six pleural ribs of the male examined. These five massive muscles (=obliquus superioris?) unite ribs 3 to 9 and were found at the level of the deep hypaxial musculature. The identification of these sounds and accompanying sonic mechanism marks the first occurrence of sound production in the family of wreckfishes (Polyprionidae). This knowledge of the acoustic characteristics increases our ability to document the presence, activity, and possibly the abundance of this critically endangered species at spawning sites.

}, doi = {10.1643/CI2020041}, url = {https://bioone.org/journals/copeia/volume-108/issue-4/CI2020041/Sound-Production-and-Mechanism-in-the-Giant-Sea-Bass-Stereolepis/10.1643/CI2020041.full}, author = {Allen, Larry G. and Ladin, Emily S. and Rowell, Timothy J.} } @article {58319, title = {Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) produce high frequency rasp sounds with frequency modulation}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Sablefish sounds, named rasps, were recorded at two captive facilities in British Columbia and Washington State. Rasps consisted of highly variable broadband trains of 2 to 336 ticks that lasted between 74 and 10\ 500\ ms. The 260 rasps that were measured contained frequencies between 344 and 34\ 000\ Hz with an average peak frequency of 3409\ Hz. The frequency structure of ticks within rasps was highly variable and included both positive and negative trends. This finding makes sablefish one of the few deep-sea fish for which sounds have been validated and described. The documentation of sablefish sounds will enable the use of passive acoustic monitoring methods in fisheries and ecological studies of this commercially important deep-sea fish.

}, doi = {10.1121/10.0001071}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/10.0001071}, author = {Riera, Amalis and Rountree, Rodney A. and Agagnier, Lucas and Juanes, Francis} } @article {58245, title = {Response of clupeid fish to ultrasound: a review}, year = {2004}, doi = {10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.005}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/61/7/1057/877888}, author = {Popper, Arthur N. and Plachta, Dennis T.T. and David A. Mann and Dennis M. Higgs} } @article {58231, title = {Sound production during competitive feeding in the grey gurnard}, year = {2004}, abstract = {

The acoustic repertoire of captive grey gurnard Eutrigla gurnardus during competitive feeding consisted of three types of sound: knocks, grunts and growls. Knocks were audible as a single sound, whereas grunts and growls were perceived as longer, pulsed sounds to the human ear. Typically, knocks were composed of 1\–2 pulses, grunts of 4\–8 pulses and growls \>10 pulses. Growls were longer and had shorter pulse periods than grunts. All sound types had peak frequencies of c. 500\ Hz. The sequences of behaviours observed during feeding interactions suggest that grey gurnard obtain food both by scramble and contest tactics. Competing fish emitted knocks mainly while grasping a food item and also during other non-agonistic behaviour, suggesting that knock production may reflect a state of feeding arousal but could also serve as a warning of the forager\&$\#$39;s presence to nearby competitors. Grunts were mainly emitted during frontal displays, which were the most frequent behavioural act preceding grasps, suggesting that they may play a role in deterring other fish from gaining access to disputed food items.

}, keywords = {agonistic behaviour; bioacoustics; calling; scramble and contest competition; teleosts}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.2004.65.issue-110.1111/j.0022-1112.2004.00443.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jfb/65/1}, author = {Amorim, M. C. P. and Stratoudakis, Y. and Hawkins, A. D.} } @article {58167, title = {Histological Development and Integration of the Zebrafish Weberian Apparatus}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Background

The Weberian apparatus enhances hearing in otophysan fishes, including zebrafish (Danio rerio). Several studies have examined aspects of morphological development of the Weberian apparatus and hearing ability in zebrafish. A comprehensive developmental description including both hard and soft tissues is lacking. This information is critical for both interpretation of genetic developmental analyses and to better understand the role of morphogenesis and integration on changes in hearing ability.

Results

Histological development of hard and soft tissues of the Weberian apparatus, including ossicles, ear, swim bladder, and ligaments are described from early larval stages (3.8\ mm NL) through adult. Results show a strong relationship in developmental timing and maturation across all regions. All required auditory elements are present and morphologically integrated early, by 6.5\ mm SL. Dynamic ossification patterns and changes in shape continue throughout the examined developmental period.

Conclusion

This study provides the first comprehensive histological description of Weberian apparatus development in zebrafish. Morphological integration was found early, before increases in hearing ability were detected in functional studies (\>10\ mm TL), suggesting morphological integration precedes functional integration. Further research is needed to examine the nature of the functional delay, and how maturation of the Weberian apparatus influences functionality.

}, doi = {10.1002/dvdy.172}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/dvdy.172}, author = {Bird, Nathan C. and Richardson, Selena S. and Abels, Jeremy R.} } @article {57970, title = {Passive monitoring of phenological acoustic patterns reveals the sound of the camouflage grouper, Epinephelus polyphekadion}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

1. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a non-invasive technique that uses hydro- phones to monitor populations and ecosystem dynamics. Although many applica- tions of PAM have been developed in recent years, it has never been used to identify a calling marine species.
2. ThesouthpassofFakaravaAtoll,FrenchPolynesia,hostsspawningeventsofmany reef fish species, including the camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion, with a spawning aggregation abundance exceeding 17 000 individuals during the full moons of June and July.
3. The current study aimed to use PAM to distinguish camouflage grouper sounds among the vocal activities of all fish recorded during the aggregation periods. Audio recordings analysis resulted in the identification of 29 sound types, some of which showed diel and lunar patterns.
4. Temporal analysis of these sounds in relation to spawning activities allowed the identification of camouflage grouper calls. These calls can be described as a single pulse or a series of \‘boom(s)\’ with a pulse duration of ~44 ms and a low dominant frequency of 103 \± 31 Hz. Video recordings show that the camouflage grouper pro- duces the \‘booms\’ to initialize spawner ascent and to promote synchronous gamete release into the water column.
5. The study highlights for the first time that PAM can be used to identify the previ- ously unknown sound of a fish species. Moreover, we can use it to understand the phenology of some biological activities for improving the resolution of fish bio- diversity assessments.

}, keywords = {biodiversity, coral, fish, lagoon, monitoring}, doi = {10.1002/aqc.3242}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aqc.3242}, author = {Jublier, No{\'e}mie and Bertucci, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and K{\'e}ver, Lo{\"\i}c and Colleye, Orphal and Ballesta, Laurent and Nemeth, Richard S. and Lecchini, David and Rhodes, Kevin L. and Parmentier, Eric} } @article {57969, title = {The effect of biological and anthropogenic sound on the auditory sensitivity of oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Many aquatic organisms use vocalizations for reproductive behavior; therefore, disruption of their soundscape could adversely affect their life history. Male oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) establish nests in shallow waters during spring and attract female fish with boatwhistle vocalizations. Males exhibit high nest fidelity, making them susceptible to anthropogenic sound in coastal waters, which could mask their vocalizations and/or reduce auditory sensitivity levels. Additionally, the effect of self-generated boatwhistles on toadfish auditory sensitivity has yet to be addressed. To investigate the effect of sound exposure on toadfish auditory sensitivity, sound pressure and particle acceleration sensitivity curves were determined using auditory evoked potentials before and after (0-, 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-day) exposure to 1- or 12-h of continuous playbacks to ship engine sound or conspecific vocalization. Exposure to boatwhistles had no effect on auditory sensitivity. However, exposure to anthropogenic sound caused significant decreases in auditory sensitivity for at least 3 days, with shifts up to 8 dB SPL and 20 dB SPL immediately following 1- and 12-h anthropogenic exposure, respectively. Understanding the effect of self-generated and anthropogenic sound exposure on auditory sensitivity provides an insight into how soundscapes affect acoustic communication.

}, keywords = {AEP, anthropogenic, Particle acceleration level, Sound Pressure Level, TTS}, doi = {10.1007/s00359-019-01381-x}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00359-019-01381-x}, author = {Rogers, Loranzie S. and Putland, Rosalyn L. and Allen F. Mensinger} } @article {57928, title = {The importance of underwater sounds to gadoid fishes}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

The codfish family includes more than 500 species that vary greatly in their abundance in areas like the North Sea and are widely fished. Gadoids (codfish) gather at particular locations to spawn, where they exhibit complex reproductive behavior with visual and acoustic displays. Calls have been described from seven species, including the Atlantic cod and haddock. They vocalize by means of a specialized apparatus, consisting of rapidly contracting striated muscles (the drumming muscles) attached to the gas-filled swim bladder. Several gadoids, such as the ling and the Greenland cod, possess drumming muscles and are likely to make sounds. Non-vocal gadoids, such as the poor cod, lack these muscles. It is suggested that the sonic apparatus was present in the early species of the gadoids, with some species having lost their sonic ability. Interestingly, silent gadoids are mainly small schooling fishes. Gadoid species are most sensitive to sounds from 30 to 500 Hz. Gadoid hearing can be masked by ambient sound but also by anthropogenic sounds, which may therefore adversely affect their reproduction, with potential effects upon discrete local stocks. Listening for gadoid sounds provides a reliable, non-invasive way of locating spawning sites, which can enhance the protection of reproducing fish from human impacts.

}, doi = {10.1121/1.5134683}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5134683}, author = {Hawkins, Anthony D. and Picciulin, Marta} } @article {57916, title = {Sound Production and Reproductive Ecology of Strongly Acoustic Fish in Africa: Pollimyrus isidori, Mormyridae}, year = {1997}, abstract = {

We have studied the reproductive ecology and bioacoustic signals of weakly electric mormyrid fish in Africa in order to discover the natural conditions under which acoustic signals are used and to gain insight into the evolution of their acoustic behaviour and hearing. Pollimyrus isidori migrated from a tributary of the Niger River (Mali) into a shallow (2- 3 m) flood plain during the onset of the flooding seasons (August, 1991 and 1994). The\ fish were fully primed for reproduction upon entering the plain, females were significantly larger than males, and the sex ratio was skewed toward males (about 2 males per female). Males established territories (d \≈ 1 m) within the roots of floating rafts of grasses, about 0.5 m below the water surface. Males produced conspicuous acoustic displays consisting of Grunts and Moans during the night (130 dB peak re 1 \μLPaat approximately 10 cm). These sounds had a fundamental of 340 Hz, but the band-width of the grunt extended to over 3 kHz. Experiments at the field site with captive animals showed that male sound production was stimulated by the presence of conspecific females. The P. isidori repertoire included 3 additional sounds. Analysis of environmental noise showed that these communication sounds fall within a distinct spectral window, thereby minimizing potential interference from other aquatic animals and abiotic noise sources. Waveform analyses showed that the sounds remained coherent over short distances (0.5 m) but lost amplitude more rapidly than would be predicted in a deep water free-field.

}, keywords = {animal communication, bioacoustics, electric fish, migration}, doi = {10.1163/156853997X00034}, url = {https://brill.com/view/journals/beh/134/9-10/article-p677_3.xmlhttps://data.brill.com/files/journals/1568539x_134_09-10_s003_text.pdf}, author = {Benech, Vincent and Jacob, Philippe and Crawford, John D.} } @article {57656, title = {The role of ambient sound levels, signal-to-noise ratio, and stimulus pulse rate on behavioural disturbance of seabass in a net pen}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Anthropogenic sources increasingly contribute to the underwater soundscape and this may negatively impact aquatic life, including fish. Anthropogenic sound may mask relevant sound, alter behaviour, physiology, and may lead to physical injury. Behavioural effect studies are often seen as critical to evaluate individual and population-level impact. However, behavioural responsiveness likely depends on context and characteristics of sound stimuli. We pose that ambient sound levels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and pulse rate interval (PRI), could affect the behavioural response of fish. To study this, we experimentally exposed groups of tagged European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to different impulsive sound treatments that varied in pulse level, elevated background level, SNR, and PRI. Upon sound exposure, the seabass increased their swimming depth. The variation in the increase in swimming depth could not be attributed to pulse level, background level, SNR or PRI. It may be that the current range of sound levels or PRIs was too narrow to find such effects.

}, keywords = {anthropogenic noise, Dicentrarchus labrax, Fish behaviour, signal-to-noise ratio}, doi = {10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103992}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0376635719303298}, author = {Hubert, J. and Neo, Y.Y. and Winter, H.V. and Slabbekoorn, H.} } @article {57612, title = {Temperature affects sound production in fish with two sets of sonic organs: The Pictus cat}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Sound communication is affected by ambient temperature in ectothermic animals including fishes. The present study examines the effects of temperature on acoustic signaling in a fish species possessing two different sound-generating mechanisms. The Amazonian Pictus catfish Pimelodus pictus produces low-frequency harmonic sounds (swimbladder drumming muscles) and high-frequency stridulation sounds (rubbing pectoral fin spines in the pectoral girdle). Sounds of 15 juveniles were recorded when hand-held after three weeks of acclimation at 30 \°C, 22 \°C and again 30 \°C. The following sound characteristics were investigated: calling activity, sound duration, fundamental frequency of drumming sounds and dominant frequency of stridulation sounds. The number of both sound types produced within the first minute of experiments did not change with temperature. In contrast, sound duration was significantly shorter at 30 \°C than at 22 \°C (drumming: 78\–560 ms; stridulation: 23\–96 ms). The fundamental frequency of drumming sounds and thus the drumming muscle contraction rate varied from 127 Hz to 242 Hz and increased with temperature. The dominant frequency of broadband stridulation sounds ranged from 1.67 kHz to 3.39 kHz and was unaffected by temperature changes. Our data demonstrate that temperature affects acoustic signaling in P. pictus, although the changes differed between sound characteristics and sound type. The effects vary from no change in calling activity and dominant frequency, to an increase in fundamental frequency and shortened duration of both sound types. Together with the known effects of temperature on hearing in the Pictus cat, the present results indicate that global warming may affect acoustic communication in fishes.

}, doi = {10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110589}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1095643319303538}, author = {Friedrich Ladich and Maiditsch, Isabelle Pia} } @article {57416, title = {Nonintrusive methods for biomass estimation in aquaculture with emphasis on fish: a review}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Fish biomass estimation is one of the most common and important practices in aquaculture. The regular acquisition of fish biomass information has been identi- fied as an urgent need for managers to optimize daily feeding, control stocking densities and ultimately determine the optimal time for harvesting. However, it is difficult to estimate fish biomass without human intervention because fishes are sensitive and move freely in an environment where visibility, lighting and stability are uncontrollable. Until now, fish biomass estimation has been mostly based on manual sampling, which is usually invasive, time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, it is imperative and highly desirable to develop a noninvasive, rapid and cost-effective means. Machine vision, acoustics, environmental DNA and resistivity counter provide the possibility of developing nonintrusive, faster and cheaper methods for in situ estimation of fish biomass. This article summarizes the development of these nonintrusive methods for fish biomass estimation over the past three decades and presents their basic concepts and principles. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are analysed and future research direc- tions are also presented. Studies show that the applications of information tech- nology such as advanced sensors and communication technologies have great significance to accelerate the development of new means and techniques for more effective biomass estimation. However, the accuracy and intelligence still need to be improved to meet intensive aquaculture requirements. Through close coopera- tion between fisheries experts and engineers, the precision and the level of intelli- gence for fish biomass estimation will be further improved based on the above methods.

}, keywords = {acoustics, aquaculture, environmental DNA, fish biomass estimation, machine vision, resistivity counter}, doi = {10.1111/raq.12388}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/raq.12388}, author = {Li, Daoliang and Hao, Yinfeng and Duan, Yanqing} } @article {57344, title = {The acoustic behavior of Southern King Weakfish (Macrodon atricauda-Sciaenidae)}, journal = {Environmental Biology of Fishes}, volume = {102}, year = {2019}, month = {Jan-10-2019}, pages = {1253 - 1264}, abstract = {

Many species of fishes use acoustic signals for a variety of purposes, and sciaenid are well-known producers of sound. The Southern King Weakfish (Macrodon atricuada- Sciaenidae) possesses sexually dimorphic bilateral sonic muscles used for sound production. The bilaterally paired muscles lie on the inner body wall of the male, surrounding the swimbladder. The Southern King Weakfish produces three different sounds: advertisement calls, disturbance calls and dual-knocks, these sounds were recorded from Rio de la Plata estuary, Uruguayan coastal waters and laboratory. The advertisement call, related to courtship, was recorded in the field and from spawning males in the laboratory. Disturbance calls were produced when captive M. atricauda were startled, chased with a net or grabbed by the tail. Disturbance calls consist of a burst of pulses produced at short intervals. In disturbance call interpulse interval increased and dominant frequency decreased linearly (P\ \< 0.05), pulse duration did not change with fish size. M. atricauda start producing disturbance call at 14 cm LT (Total Length), but only individuals over than 25 cm LT were who produced the advertisement call. Dual-knocks, call compose of only two pulses together, was recorder only in captivity. Sounds are a valuable non-invasive tool for fisheries biologists can used to monitor on males in spawning populations.

}, keywords = {Macrodon atricauda, Rio de la Plata, Sonic muscle, sound production}, issn = {0378-1909}, doi = {10.1007/s10641-019-00902-6}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-019-00902-6}, author = {Tellechea, Javier S.} } @article {53504, title = {Automatic detection, classification, and quantification of sciaenid fish calls in an estuarine soundscape in the Southeast United States}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {14}, year = {2019}, month = {Apr-01-2020}, pages = {e0209914}, abstract = {

In the Southeast USA, major contributors to estuarine soundscapes are the courtship calls produced by fish species belonging to the family Sciaenidae. Long-term monitoring of sciaenid courtship sounds may be valuable in understanding reproductive phenology, but this approach produces massive acoustic datasets. With this in mind, we designed a feature-based, signal detector for sciaenid fish calls and tested the efficacy of this detector against manually reviewed data. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min every 20 min at four stations in the May River estuary, South Carolina, USA from February to November, 2014. Manual analysis of acoustic files revealed that four fish species, belonging to the family Sciaenidae, were the major sound producers in this estuarine soundscape, and included black drum (Pogonias cromis), silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Recorded calls served as an acoustic library of signature features that were used to create a signal detector to automatically detect, classify, and quantify the number of calls in each acoustic file. Correlation between manual and automatic detection was significant and precision varied from 61\% to 100\%. Automatic detection provided quantitative data on calling rates for this long-term data set. Positive temperature anomalies increased calling rates of black drum, silver perch, and spotted seatrout, while negative anomalies increased calling rates of red drum. Acoustic monitoring combined with automatic detection could be an additional or alternative method for monitoring sciaenid spawning and changes in phenology associated with climate change.

}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0209914}, url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209914}, author = {Monczak, Agnieszka and Ji, Yiming and Soueidan, Jamileh and Montie, Eric W.} } @article {53501, title = {Fish community structure, habitat complexity, and soundscape characteristics of patch reefs in a tropical, back-reef system}, journal = {Marine Ecology Progress Series}, volume = {609}, year = {2019}, month = {May-01-2020}, pages = {33 - 48}, abstract = {

Marine soundscapes can provide information on the presence of soniferous species and, in some cases, habitat characteristics and biodiversity of certain marine organisms. Tropical back-reefs functioning as nursery areas provide essential fish habitat for juveniles and sub-adults moving to offshore coral reefs as they grow; yet little is known of underwater soundscapes in these habitats. We characterized the soundscapes of 7 artificial patch reefs within a seagrass-dominated, back-reef embayment in The Bahamas. Hydrophones were deployed at each reef and recorded simultaneously for 2 min every 20 min from March to July 2016. Sound pressure levels (SPLs) and acoustic complexity (ACI) were analyzed for low (0.1-1.5 kHz) and high (4-20 kHz) frequency bands to evaluate sounds produced by marine organisms. Low frequency SPLs associated with fish vocalizations peaked twice per day for some reefs, but showed no relationship with habitat complexity or fish community structure. High frequency SPLs and invertebrate snap rates peaked nightly and were positively correlated with structural rugosity of reefs but not fish community structure. ACI values for both high and low frequency bands showed no associations with habitat complexity or fish community structure. These findings suggest that high frequency SPLs and invertebrate snap rates may be more indicative of habitat complexity in back-reef nurseries than low frequency SPLs, and that neither ACI values for low or high frequency bands correlate with fish community structure in areas dominated by juvenile and sub-adult fish.

}, issn = {0171-8630}, doi = {10.3354/meps12829}, url = {https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v609/p33-48/https://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2018/609/m609p033.pdf}, author = {Lyon, RP and Eggleston, DB and Bohnenstiehl, DR and Layman, CA and Ricci, SW and Allgeier, JE} } @article {53420, title = {Teaching acoustics in an interdisciplinary context with "singing" fish}, journal = {European Journal of Physics}, year = {2018}, month = {Mar-11-2020}, abstract = {

This article describes a novel and interdisciplinary context for learning about real-world sound waves. The \"song\" of the Plainfin Midshipman Fish produces an acoustical wave that is periodic but not sinusoidal. This acoustical signal is the focus of active research in sound source localization by fishes, the effects of hormones on hearing systems and the elucidation of neural mechanisms involved in social acoustic communication. In this paper, we introduce the reproductive biology and bioacoustics of the midshipman fish. We describe the use of the advertisement \"song\" of the male fish to visualize and interpret the dramatically different displacement, velocity and acceleration waveforms; to explore the roles of pressure and particle motion in production and detection of acoustical waves; and to apply Fourier analysis to understand the implications of the frequency spectrum in the production, transmission and reception of sound in an aquatic environment.

}, issn = {0143-0807}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6404/aaf434}, url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6404/aaf434}, author = {Seeley, Lane H and Forlano, Paul M and Seeley, Andrea H and Sisneros, Joseph A} } @article {53352, title = {Ecology of fish hearing}, journal = {Journal of Fish Biology}, year = {2018}, month = {May-11-2019}, abstract = {

Underwater sound is directional and can convey important information about the surrounding environment or the animal emitting the sound. Therefore, sound is a major sensory channel for fishes and plays a key role in many life-history strategies. The effect of anthropogenic noise on aquatic life, which may be causing homogenisation or fragmentation of biologically important signals underwater is of growing concern. In this review we discuss the role sound plays in the ecology of fishes, basic anatomical and physiological adaptations for sound reception and production, the effects of anthropogenic noise and how fishes may be coping to changes in their environment, to put the ecology of fish hearing into the context of the modern underwater soundscape.

}, keywords = {anthropogenic noise, fish hearing, sound detection, sound production}, doi = {10.1111/jfb.13867}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jfb.13867}, author = {Putland, R. L. and Montgomery, J. C. and Radford, C. A.} } @article {53349, title = {Effects of hydroelectric turbine noise on the behaviour of Leporinus taeniatus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) in captivity}, journal = {Journal of Ethology}, year = {2018}, month = {Oct-11-2019}, abstract = {

Hydroelectric power plants (HPP) constitute one of the main forms of energy generation in the world, and its operation produces underwater noise through generators and turbines, which can potentially impact the aquatic fauna. Anthropogenic noise is a stressful factor and can affect behaviour, physiology and acoustic communication of many animal species. However, the noise impact produced by HPP on fishes has not been studied yet. In this research we investigated the noise impact of hydroelectric turbines on the behaviour of Leporinus taeniatus held captive in Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that noise could disturb fishes\’ behaviour by affecting school organization, fish position in the tank and the speed of swimming. Two groups of 10 individuals were exposed to 30 sessions of noise played at an intensity of 100 dB re 1 \µPa, during 40 s on days 0, 7 and 14. Behavioural data were obtained before, during, and after noise exposure. Results showed that the fish swam significantly faster, moving to the bottom and swimming in depolarised shoals during noise exposure in both groups. Temporal analysis showed that during noise exposure fish swam faster, were less stationary and used the bottom of the tanks more throughout sampling period. These data provide evidence that fish behaviour can be affected by the aversive stimulus of the noise of a hydroelectric turbine in operation. It also suggests that sound pollution issues should be taken into consideration when regulating the use of natural areas for HPP.

}, keywords = {anthropogenic noise, Brazil, Characins, Fish behaviour, Hydroelectric impact, S{\~a}o Francisco River basin}, issn = {0289-0771}, doi = {10.1007/s10164-018-0568-6}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10164-018-0568-6}, author = {Duarte, Marina H. L. and Melo, Rafael M. C. and Marina D. A. Scarpelli and Carvalho, Thiago M. A. and Padovese, Linilson R. and Bazzoli, Nilo and Rizzo, Elizete} } @article {53322, title = {How Can We Understand Freshwater Soundscapes Without Fish Sound Descriptions?}, journal = {Fisheries}, year = {2018}, month = {Dec-10-2019}, abstract = {

The ecological importance of the freshwater soundscape is just beginning to be recognized by society. Scientists are beginning to apply Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) methods that are well established in marine systems to freshwater systems to map spatial and temporal patterns of behaviors associated with fish sounds as well as noise impacts on them. Unfortunately, these efforts are greatly hampered by a critical lack of data on the sources of sounds that make up the soundscape of freshwater habitats. A review of the literature finds that only 87 species have been reported to produce sounds in North America and Europe over the last 200 years, accounting for 5\% of the known freshwater fish diversity. The problem is exacerbated by the general failure of researchers to report the detailed statistical descriptions of fish sound characteristics that are necessary to develop PAM programs. We suggest that publishers and editors should do more to encourage reporting of statistical properties of fish sounds. In addition, we call for research, academic, and government agencies to develop regional libraries of fish sounds to aid in PAM and anthropogenic noise impact studies.

}, doi = {10.1002/fsh.10190}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/fsh.10190}, author = {Bolgan, Marta and Juanes, Francis} } @article {53314, title = {Automatic detection of fish sounds based on multi-stage classification including logistic regression via adaptive feature weighting}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {144}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-11-2018}, pages = {2709 - 2718}, abstract = {

This paper presents a method for automatic detection of fish sounds in an underwater environment. There exist two difficulties: (i) features and classifiers that provide good detection results differ depending on the underwater environment and (ii) there are cases where a large amount of training data that is necessary for supervised machine learning cannot be prepared. A method presented in this paper (the proposed hybrid method) overcomes these difficulties as follows. First, novel logistic regression (NLR) is derived via adaptive feature weighting by focusing on the accuracy of classification results by multiple classifiers, support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). Although there are cases where SVM or k-NN cannot work well due to divergence of useful features, NLR can produce complementary results. Second, the proposed hybrid method performs multi-stage classification with consideration of the accuracy of SVM, k-NN, and NLR. The multi-stage acquisition of reliable results works adaptively according to the underwater environment to reduce performance degradation due to diversity of useful classifiers even if abundant training data cannot be prepared. Experiments on underwater recordings including sounds of Sciaenidae such as silver croakers (Pennahia argentata) and blue drums (Nibea mitsukurii) show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method.

}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5067373}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5067373}, author = {Harakawa, Ryosuke and Ogawa, Takahiro and Haseyama, Miki and Akamatsu, Tomonari} } @article {53308, title = {Complexity-entropy based approach for detection of fish choruses}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {144}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-09-2018}, pages = {1692 - 1693}, abstract = {

Increasing anthropogenic noise around the world ocean are affecting the marine ecology. Recently, acoustic indices (AI) were utilized to quantify the biophony in the marine soundscape. However, these AI\’s employed in complex marine environment, dominated by several anthropogenic and geophonic sources are yet to be understood. In this study, we have introduced a method based on complexity-entropy (C-H) for detection of biophonic sounds originating from fish chorus. The fish chorus detection performance of C-H was compared with AI\’s such as acoustic complexity index (ACI), acoustic diversity index (ADI), and bioacoustics index (BI). We have utilized the data collected at Changhua (A1) and Miaoli (N1). During the Spring of 2016 and 2017, the region N1 was exposed to continual shipping activities, due to which there was ~10 dB increase in the low frequency (5\–500 Hz) noise levels. This enabled us to evaluate the fish chorus detection performance of various AI\’s and C-H method, and the robustness in the presence and absence of shipping activities. The results presented in this study shows that, during the fish chorusing hours, the introduced entropy is positively correlated with Pearson\’s correlation coefficient (P cc) \> 0.95 and complexity is anticorrelated with P cc \< -0.95. Therefore, the introduced C-H method has potential implication in efficient detection of fish chorus and overcome the limitations confronted by AI\’s such as ACI, ADI, and BI.

}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5067523}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5067523}, author = {Siddagangaiah, Shashidhar} } @article {53305, title = {Assessing vessel slowdown as an option for reducing acoustic masking for Arctic cod in the western Canadian Arctic}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {144}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-09-2018}, pages = {1662 - 1662}, abstract = {

Noise from this shipping traffic can lead to acoustic masking, reducing the ability of marine animals to detect and use biologically important sounds. Vessel-slow down may be an alternative mitigation option in regions where re-routing shipping corridors to avoid important habitat for fish and marine mammals is not possible. We investigated the potential relief in masking from a 10 knot speed reduction of container and cruise ships. Based on ambient sound measurements and real shipping data, the percentage reduction in the available listening space for fish as a container or cruise ship passes under varying speeds and ambient sound conditions was shown. The mitigation effects from slower vessels (travelling at 15 knots compared to 25 knots), in terms of auditory masking, was equal between ambient sound conditions, but not equal between the type of vessel. Slowing vessels led to a substantial decrease in the listening space reductions, with the amount of reduction varying by distance away from vessels. Vessel slowdown through sensitive habitat could be an effective mitigation strategy for reducing the extent of auditory masking.

}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5067412}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5067412}, author = {Pine, Matthew and Hannay, David E. and Stephen J. Insley and William D. Halliday and Juanes, Francis} } @article {53273, title = {Describing new fish sounds from the northeast Pacific: A quantitative approach}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {144}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-09-2018}, pages = {1693 - 1693}, abstract = {

In order to identify fish sounds in British Columbia soundscapes, we need catalogues of validated fish sounds from Pacific species. These catalogues will help in comparing validated examples to unknown sounds found in long-term autonomous recordings. In addition, it is important that the sounds be described quantitatively for accurate identification and comparison. Our goal is to contribute to building such catalogues and to fill knowledge gaps in fish acoustic behaviour to support studies on the impact of anthropogenic noise on Pacific fishes. Since distinguishing sound sources in the ocean is extremely difficult, we are collaborating with aquaria, marine science centers and ocean-based aquaculture facilities to monitor, audition and record the acoustic behaviour of captive and semi-captive fish species. To date, we have acquired over 3,000 hours of recordings in these conditions. Sounds that we have already validated include Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), and grunt sculpin (Rhamphocottus richardsonii) vocalizations. Here, we will present a description of these newly validated sounds.

}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5067526}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5067526}, author = {Riera, Amalis and Juanes, Francis} } @article {53266, title = {Acoustic recordings of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) from a hatchery on Vancouver Island}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {144}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-09-2018}, pages = {1693 - 1693}, abstract = {

Sound production in fish has been documented; however, the diversity of species that create sound is not fully understood. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are ecologically, economically, and culturally important in the northeast Pacific. Recent declines in specific species and stocks have increased their public interest. Other species from the family Salmonidae produce sounds, but there is little evidence of any species of Pacific salmon producing sounds. Recording salmon in the wild would be difficult but local hatcheries allow for a unique opportunity to listen for salmon sounds in a semi-natural environment. Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), and coho salmon (O. kisutch) were recorded using two stationary acoustic recorders that were deployed at a salmon hatchery in Qualicum beach Vancouver Island, British Columbia, for three consecutive weeks in September and October 2017. Audio files were collected in 5 minute subsections and examined for salmon sounds. Here, we present spectrograms and time-frequency composition of potential sounds found for Chinook, pink, and coho salmon. All sounds were then compared to sounds produced by other soniferous fish and to the hearing range of Pacific salmon.

}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5067527}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5067527}, author = {Murchy, Kelsie and Mouy, Xavier and Juanes, Francis} } @article {53117, title = {Underwater Soundscape Monitoring and Fish Bioacoustics: A Review}, journal = {Fishes}, volume = {3}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-09-2018}, pages = {36}, abstract = {

Soundscape ecology is a rapidly growing field with approximately 93\% of all scientific articles on this topic having been published since 2010 (total about 610 publications since 1985). Current acoustic technology is also advancing rapidly, enabling new devices with voluminous data storage and automatic signal detection to define sounds. Future uses of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) include biodiversity assessments, monitoring habitat health, and locating spawning fishes. This paper provides a review of ambient sound and soundscape ecology, fish acoustic monitoring, current recording and sampling methods used in long-term PAM, and parameters/metrics used in acoustic data analysis.

}, keywords = {acoustic monitoring, ambient noise, coral reef, Environmental monitoring, fish, passive acoustic detection, underwater sound}, doi = {10.3390/fishes3030036}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/3/3/36}, author = {Lindseth, Adelaide and Lobel, Phillip} } @article {52611, title = {An approach for automatic classification of grouper vocalizations with passive acoustic monitoring}, journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America}, volume = {143}, year = {2018}, month = {Jan-02-2018}, pages = {666 - 676}, abstract = {

Grouper, a family of marine fishes, produce distinct vocalizations associated with their reproductive behavior during spawning aggregation. These low frequencies sounds (50\–350 Hz) consist of a series of pulses repeated at a variable rate. In this paper, an approach is presented for automatic classifica- tion of grouper vocalizations from ambient sounds recorded in situ with fixed hydrophones based on weighted features and sparse classifier. Group sounds were labeled initially by humans for training and testing various feature extraction and classification methods. In the feature extraction phase, four types of features were used to extract features of sounds produced by groupers. Once the sound features were extracted, three types of representative classifiers were applied to categorize the spe- cies that produced these sounds. Experimental results showed that the overall percentage of identifi- cation using the best combination of the selected feature extractor weighted mel frequency cepstral coefficients and sparse classifier achieved 82.7\% accuracy. The proposed algorithm has been imple- mented in an autonomous platform (wave glider) for real-time detection and classification of group vocalizations.

}, issn = {0001-4966}, doi = {10.1121/1.5022281}, url = {http://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5022281}, author = {Ibrahim, Ali K. and Ch{\'e}rubin, Laurent M. and Zhuang, Hanqi and Sch{\"a}rer Umpierre, Michelle T. and Dalgleish, Fraser and Erdol, Nurgun and Ouyang, B. and Dalgleish, A.} }