<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hemingway, Claire T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael J. Ryan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rachel A. Page</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cognitive constraints on optimal foraging in frog-eating bats</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Decision making</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">foraging</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frog-eating bat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">patch choice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">proportional processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">túngara frog</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2018</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-09-2018</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302227https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302227?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302227?httpAccept=text/plain</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">143</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43 - 50</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Animals are expected to optimize energy intake when choosing between different foraging options. A common explanation for deviations from optimal economic decisions is that there is an imperfect relationship between physical reality and an animal&amp;#39;s perceptual processes, which can constrain assessment of profitability. One such phenomenon that is apparently ubiquitous across taxa is proportional processing, where a perceived change in a stimulus is proportional to the change in stimulus magnitude. In this study, we investigated whether proportional processing explains how frog-eating bats, Trachops cirrhosus, discriminate between patches of frog choruses that vary in their number of calling frogs. To test this, we created artificial choruses consisting of one to six calling frogs. In the flight cage, we then tested the preference of bats (N = 17) with every pairwise combination of chorus size. We found that while bats generally preferred larger choruses, preferences for larger choruses were better explained by the relative, not absolute, differences in chorus sizes. This indicates that T. cirrhosus is perceptually limited in its ability to discriminate between choruses of varying size as the choruses increase in size. Foragers are likely to be less choosy when choosing among larger patches.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stange, Nicole</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rachel A. Page</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michael J. Ryan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Taylor, Ryan C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interactions between complex multisensory signal components result in unexpected mate choice responses</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">anurans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mate choice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">multimodal signalling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nonlinear interactions</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sexual selection</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">signal weighting</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">túngara frog</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocal sac</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-12-2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721630121X</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">134</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">239 - 247</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Multimodal (multisensory) signalling is common in many species and often facilitates communication. How receivers integrate individual signal components of multisensory displays, especially with regard to variance in signal complexity, has received relatively little attention. In nature, male t&amp;uacute;ngara frogs, Physalaemus pustulosus, produce multisensory courtship signals by vocalizing and presenting their inflating and deflating vocal sac as a visual cue. Males can produce a simple call (whine only) or a complex call (whine &amp;thorn; one or more chucks). In a series of two-choice experiments, we tested female preferences for variation in acoustic call complexity and amplitude (unimodal signals). We then tested preferences for the same calls when a dynamic robotic frog was added to one call, generating a multi- modal stimulus. Females preferred a complex call to a simple call; when both calls contained at least one chuck, additional numbers of chucks did not further increase attractiveness. When calls contained zero or one chuck, the visual stimulus of the robofrog increased call attractiveness. When calls contained multiple chucks, however, the visual component failed to enhance call attractiveness. Females also preferred higher amplitude calls and the addition of the visual component to a lower amplitude call did not alter this preference. At relatively small amplitude differences, however, the visual signal increased overall discrimination between the calls. These results indicate that the visual signal component does not provide simple enhancement of call attractiveness. Instead, females integrate multisensory components in a nonlinear fashion. The resulting perception and behavioural response to complex signals probably evolved in response to animals that communicate in noisy environments.&lt;/p&gt;
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