<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Farrell, Michael J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Bruce W.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A New Examination of Echolocation Calls of Some Neotropical Bats (Emballonuridae and Mormoopidae)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of MammalogyJournal of Mammalogy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anabat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pteronotus davyi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pteronotus parnellii</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pteronotus personatus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhynchonycteris naso</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saccopteryx bilineata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocal signatures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">87</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">954-963</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In northwestern Belize, two emballonurids Rhynchonycteris naso and Saccopteryx bilineata) and three mormoopids Pteronotus parnellii, P. davyi, and P. personatus) were examined acoustically with the Anabat II bat detector and associated analysis system. R. naso used calls consisting of a short constant frequency CF) at 47 kHz and concave downward frequency modulated FM) sweep to about 40 kHz with two strong harmonics. Echolocation sequences of S. bilineata revealed a paired cadence of calls. Both signals in a pair slowly increased in frequency, forming a quasi-CF QCF) component and terminated with a short, downward FM sweep. The initial call of a pair ranged from 44.5 to 46.6 kHz and the second ranged from 46.6 to 48.7 kHz. P. parnellii used a long CF call at 63.5 kHz, with a terminal downward FM sweep to about 54.5 kHz. P. davyi produced calls with an initial short CF at 68.1 kHz, a downward FM sweep, and a terminal short CF at 58.0 kHz. P. personatus emitted calls similar in shape to P. davyi, with the initial CF at 83.0 kHz and the terminal CF at about 68.0 kHz. Previous descriptions of echolocation calls for these species compare favorably with those obtained in this study, but the Anabat equipment generally revealed more variation and detail than previously described. The echolocation calls described in this study provide precise vocal signatures for the accurate identification of free-flying individuals of the species studied.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Farrell, Michael J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, Bruce W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gannon, William L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qualitative Identification of Free-flying Bats Using the Anabat Detector</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of MammalogyJournal of Mammalogy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anabat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chiroptera</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eptesicus furinalis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">identification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lasionycteris noctivagans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lasiurus cinereus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lasiurus ega</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molossus ater</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molossus molossus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molossus sinaloae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myotis californicus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myotis ciliolabrum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myotis yumanensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Noctilio leporinus</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saccopteryx bilineata</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tadarida brasiliensis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">technique</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocal signatures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-23</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A variety of ultrasonic bat detectors have been used over the past 3 decades to identify freeflying bats. Analyses of recorded echolocation calls were slow and typically restricted to few calls and at a resolution obscuring details of call structure. The Anabat II detector and associated zerocrossings analysis system allows an immediate examination, via a laptop computer, of the timefrequency structure of calls as they are detected. These calls can be stored on the hard drive for later examination, editing, and measurement. Many North American bats can be identified to species by qualitatively using certain structural characteristics of calls, primarily approximate maximum and minimum frequencies and morphological aspects of calls e.g., linearity and changes in slope). To identify calls precisely, it is important to use a continuous sequence of calls from an individual in normal flight rather than from single isolated calls. All calls are not equally useful, and many fragmentary calls must be discarded before making a determination. Each sequence of calls must be examined to ensure that multiple bats have not been simultaneously recorded, which confounds correct identification. We found the percentage of nonusable calls within usable vocal sequences to be highest in vespertilionids 20-40%), whereas for other families this was frequently &amp;lt;10%. Active rather than passive collection of data maximizes quality and quantity of diagnostic calls and provides a contextual base for the investigator.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRS</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Xing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhao, Jun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, Yan-hua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhou, Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hughes, Alice C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Automatic standardized processing and identification of tropical bat calls using deep learning approaches</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Algorithms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Automated monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Automatic processing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bioacoustics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiversity metrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calls</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deep learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">machine learning</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monitoring protocol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neural network</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320719308961</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Consistent and comparable metrics to automatically monitor biodiversity across the landscape remain a gold-standard for biodiversity research, yet such approaches have frequently been limited to a very small selection of species for which visual approaches (e.g., camera traps) make continuous monitoring possible. Acoustic-based methods have been widely applied in the monitoring of bats and some other taxa across extended spatial scales, but are have yet to be applied to diverse tropical communities.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this study, we developed a software program &amp;ldquo;Waveman&amp;rdquo; and prepared a reference library using over 880 audio-files from 36 Asian bat species. The software incorporated a novel network &amp;ldquo;BatNet&amp;rdquo; and a re-checking strategy (ReChk) to maximize accuracy. In Waveman, BatNet outperforms three other published networks: CNNFULL, VggNet and ResNet_v2, with over 90% overall accuracy and 0.94 AUC on the ROC plot. The classification accuracy rates for all 36 species are at least 86% when analysed in combination. Moreover, our library preparation and ReChk greatly improved the sensitivity and reduced the false positive rate, when tested with 15 species for which more detailed and situationally diverse records were available. Finally, BatNet was successfully used to identify Hipposideros larvatus and Rhinolophus siamensis from three different environments. We hope this pipeline is useful tool to process bioacoustic data accurately, effectively and automatically, therefore allowing for greater standardization and comparability for researchers to understand bat activities across space and time and therefore provide a consistent tool for monitoring biodiversity for management and conservation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eitan, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kosa, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yovel, Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sensory gaze stabilization in echolocating bats</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active sensing</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gaze stabilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sensory perception</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tracking</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1496</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sensing from a moving platform is challenging for both man-made machines and animals. Animals&amp;#39; heads jitter during movement, so if the sensors they carry are not stabilized, any spatial estimation might be biased. Flying animals, like bats, seriously suffer from this problem because flapping flight induces rapid changes in acceleration which moves the body up and down. For echolocating bats, the problem is crucial. Because they emit a sound to sense the world, an unstable head means sound energy pointed in the wrong direction. It is unknown how bats mitigate this problem. By tracking the head and body of flying fruit bats, we show that they stabilize their heads, accurately maintaining a fixed acoustic-gaze relative to a target. Bats can solve the stabilization task even in complete darkness using only echo-based information. Moreover, the bats point their echolocation beam below the target and not towards it, a strategy that should result in better estimations of target elevation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Bastian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Steve Jacobs</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To seek or speak? Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its versatility in communication</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acoustic communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co-option</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constraints</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eavesdropping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habituation–dishabituation playback</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individual and sex discrimination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">signal design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocal signatures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-05-2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217300775</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135 - 152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The perception of different attributes of conspecifics is an integral part of intraspecific communication. It can facilitate the recognition of interaction partners or the assessment of potential mates. Acoustic signals can encode fine-scaled information through the interplay of acoustic variability and specificity. A reliable vocal signature is both unique within a class and variable between classes. Therefore, acoustic complexity might be associated with the number of classes to be discriminated. We investigated the assumption that limitations to signal design may affect the communicative functionality of a signal. To do so, we chose a signal with potentially dual functionality which may therefore display such limitations. In bats, echolocation is used primarily for foraging and orientation but there is increasing support for its additional role in communication. An acoustic analysis of echolocation pulses of the bat Rhinolophus clivosus confirmed sex and individual vocal signatures in echolocation pulses. A habituation&amp;ndash;dishabituation playback experiment suggested that bats perceived these signatures because listening bats clearly discriminated between the sexes (two classes) and between individuals (representatives of a multiclass category), although to different degrees. The simple acoustic structure of these vocalizations provides sufficient specificity for sex discrimination but has limitations for individual discrimination because pulse parameters of individuals increasingly overlapped with increasing group size. We conclude that selection for the primary function of echolocation restricts the acoustic space available for communication. However, we frequently observed echolocation pulses with conspicuous structural modifications. Statistical analyses revealed that these vocalizations yielded increased individual distinctiveness. Such added systematic variation may indicate a communicative function and perhaps a signalling intent of the emitter, although the latter has yet to be tested. The findings suggest that the required specificity for effective communication could be obtained through modification of echolocation variants when adaptations for orientation and foraging constrain the evolution of complex communication signatures.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barber, J. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawahara, A. Y.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hawkmoths produce anti-bat ultrasound</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biology Letters</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arms race</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sphingidae</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sphinx moth</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nov-20-20132082</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0161https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0161</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20130161 - 20130161</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Bats and moths have been engaged in aerial warfare for nearly 65 Myr. This arms race has produced a suite of counter-adaptations in moths, including bat-detecting ears. One set of defensive strategies involves the active production of sound; tiger moths&amp;#39; ultrasonic replies to bat attack have been shown to startle bats, warn the predators of bad taste and jam their biosonar. Here, we report that hawkmoths in the Choerocampina produce entirely ultrasonic sounds in response to tactile stimulation and the playback of biosonar attack sequences. Males do so by grating modified scraper scales on the outer surface of the genital valves against the inner margin of the last abdominal tergum. Preliminary data indicate that females also produce ultrasound to touch and playback of echolocation attack, but they do so with an entirely different mechanism. The anti-bat function of these sounds is unknown but might include startling, cross-family acoustic mimicry, warning of unprofitability or physical defence and/or jamming of echolocation. Hawkmoths present a novel and tractable system to study both the function and evolution of anti-bat defences.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anna Bastian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David Steve Jacobs</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">To seek or speak? Dual function of an acoustic signal limits its versatility in communication</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Behaviour</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">acoustic communication</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">co-option</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">constraints</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eavesdropping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">echolocation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">habituation–dishabituation playback</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">individual and sex discrimination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">signal design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vocal signatures</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-05-2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347217300775</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">135 - 152</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The perception of different attributes of conspecifics is an integral part of intraspecific communication. It can facilitate the recognition of interaction partners or the assessment of potential mates. Acoustic signals can encode fine-scaled information through the interplay of acoustic variability and specificity. A reliable vocal signature is both unique within a class and variable between classes. Therefore, acoustic complexity might be associated with the number of classes to be discriminated. We investigated the assumption that limitations to signal design may affect the communicative functionality of a signal. To do so, we chose a signal with potentially dual functionality which may therefore display such limitations. In bats, echolocation is used primarily for foraging and orientation but there is increasing support for its additional role in communication. An acoustic analysis of echolocation pulses of the bat Rhinolophus clivosus confirmed sex and individual vocal signatures in echolocation pulses. A habituation&amp;ndash;dishabituation playback experiment suggested that bats perceived these signatures because listening bats clearly discriminated between the sexes (two classes) and between individuals (representatives of a multiclass category), although to different degrees. The simple acoustic structure of these vocalizations provides sufficient specificity for sex discrimination but has limitations for individual discrimination because pulse parameters of individuals increasingly overlapped with increasing group size. We conclude that selection for the primary function of echolocation restricts the acoustic space available for communication. However, we frequently observed echolocation pulses with conspicuous structural modifications. Statistical analyses revealed that these vocalizations yielded increased individual distinctiveness. Such added systematic variation may indicate a communicative function and perhaps a signalling intent of the emitter, although the latter has yet to be tested. The findings suggest that the required specificity for effective communication could be obtained through modification of echolocation variants when adaptations for orientation and foraging constrain the evolution of complex communication signatures.&lt;/p&gt;
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