01809nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001600232300000700248490000700255520111400262100002001376700002301396700002401419856020801443 2020 eng d00aDescription of the Advertisement and Aggressive Calls of the Enigmatic Trinidad Thin-Toed Frog Leptodactylus nesiotus0 aDescription of the Advertisement and Aggressive Calls of the Eni cJan-04-2020 a630 v153 a

Research on elusive amphibians is challenging, resulting in a lack of basic information on their natural history. This is the case of Leptodactylus nesiotus, a rare and elusive frog found in a small swamp in the southwestern peninsula of the island of Trinidad (West Indies). Here, we provide additional call descriptions for data collected in the field (Trinidad) and laboratory in 2004, including descriptions of both advertisement and aggressive calls. The notes in the advertisement calls were divided in two types of pulses, both lasting on average less than 0.04 s and with average peak frequencies less than 16,000 Hz. The aggressive calls also displayed two types of pulses lasting 0.06 s maximum on average and with highest average peak frequency of 1,612 Hz. The only significant difference between these two call types relates to the temporal structures, but a larger dataset is needed to confirm the pattern. There were no temporal significant differences between the calls described here and the ones described in earlier literature, although we provide a more detailed call description.

1 aBorzée, Amaël1 aNguyen, Hoa, Quynh1 aJowers, Michael, J. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/south-american-journal-of-herpetology/volume-15/issue-1/SAJH-D-18-00011.1/Description-of-the-Advertisement-and-Aggressive-Calls-of-the-Enigmatic/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00011.1.full02349nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001600227300000800243490000700251520146400258653001301722653002001735653003301755653001801788100003201806700003601838700002101874700002501895856021101920 2019 eng d00aBioacoustics of Pithecopus rusticus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae): A Rare Species Possibly Threatened with Extinction0 aBioacoustics of Pithecopus rusticus Anura Phyllomedusidae A Rare cJan-12-2019 a1960 v143 a

Vocalization is an important means of intra- and interspecific communication in anurans and is essential for reproduction. Here, we describe the advertisement and territorial calls of Pithecopus rusticus and determine the influence of air temperature and morphometric variables on advertisement call parameters. We recorded the vocalizations at the type-locality, in the municipality of Água Doce, state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, from September 2015 to February 2016. The advertisement call was composed of a short note, emitted sporadically, with a duration of 0.023 ± 0.002 ms (0.019–0.033 ms; n = 244). We recorded two types of territorial calls that were observed during the interaction between males. Territorial call I was composed of two notes and had a duration of 0.095 ± 0.043 ms (0.033–0.166 ms; n = 27). Territorial call II was a multipulsed note lasting 0.911 ± 0.340 ms (0.504–1.346 ms; n = 9) composed of 7–58 pulses emitted after territorial call I. Advertisement call duration was negatively related to air temperature. The duration and number of notes of the advertisement call of P. rusticus were similar to those of phylogenetically close species. Information on vocal repertoires of amphibians and factors influencing acoustic parameters are essential to understand the systematic taxonomy and evolution of groups, especially little-known species such as P. rusticus.

10aAmphibia10aAtlantic Forest10aHighlands of southern Brazil10avocalizations1 aBoschetti, Joana, Priscilla1 aDe Bastiani, Veluma, Ialú Moli1 aLingnau, Rodrigo1 aLucas, Elaine, Maria uhttps://bioone.org/journals/south-american-journal-of-herpetology/volume-14/issue-3/SAJH-D-17-00071.1/Bioacoustics-of-Pithecopus-rusticus-Anura-Phyllomedusidae--A-Rare-Species/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00071.1.full01959nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260002000255300001400275490000700289520134900296100003501645700003001680700002301710856005601733 2018 eng d a1808-979800aReproductive Behavior of the Amazonian Nurse-Frog Allobates paleovarzensis (Dendrobatoidea, Aromobatidae)0 aReproductive Behavior of the Amazonian NurseFrog iAllobates pale cMar-26-20182022 a260 - 2700 v133 a

Allobates paleovarzensisis a diurnal leaf-litter anuran of the Dendrobatoidea superfamily inhabiting Amazonian forests. Based on behavioral field observations, conducted between 2008–2017 at three localities, we describe the courtship, mating, parental care behavior and territoriality of the species. Vocal activity is more intense in the morning and during the rainy season. Resident males respond aggressively to other males that invade their territories, whereas females are not territorial. Females are attracted by the advertisement call of males and enter their territories to breed. The male courtship call has a lower frequency than the advertisement call, indicating that males can modulate the frequency characteristics of their vocalizations. Amplexus stimulates the release of oocytes by females. Males attend multiple egg clutches within their territories and transport tadpoles on their backs to aquatic habitats. Males carry up to 60 tadpoles on a single transport event—the largest number ever recorded forAllobates.We did not record male nor female cannibalism of tadpoles. In summary, we found thatAllobates paleovarzensisis a polygamous species with uniparental care performed by the male, complex courtship behavior, high fecundity, and territoriality related to male competition for space and females.

1 ada Rocha, Sulamita, Marques Co1 aLima, Albertina, Pimentel1 aKaefer, Igor, Luis uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00076.1