@article {57571,
	title = {Acoustic crypsis in communication by North Atlantic right whale mother{\textendash}calf pairs on the calving grounds},
	year = {2019},
	abstract = {<p>Mammals with dependent young often rely on cryptic behaviour to avoid detection by potential predators. In the mysticetes, large baleen whales, young calves are known to be vulnerable to direct predation from both shark and orca predators; therefore, it is possible that mother\&ndash;calf pairs may show cryptic behaviours to avoid the attention of predators. Baleen whales primarily communicate through low-frequency acoustic signals, which can travel over long ranges. In this study, we explore the potential for acoustic crypsis, a form of cryptic behaviour to avoid predator detection, in North Atlantic right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs. We predicted that mother\&ndash; calf pairs would either show reduced calling rates, reduced call amplitude or a combination of these behavioural modifications when compared with other demographic groups in the same habitat. Our results show that right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs have a strong shift in repertoire usage, significantly reducing the number of higher amplitude, long-distance communication signals they produced when compared with juvenile and pregnant whales in the same habitat. These observations show that right whale mother\&ndash;calf pairs rely upon acoustic crypsis, potentially to minimize the risk of acoustic eavesdropping by predators.</p>
},
	keywords = {acoustic crypsis, baleen whale, eavesdropping, predator avoidance, right whale},
	doi = {10.1098/rsbl.2019.0485},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0485},
	author = {Parks, Susan E. and Cusano, Dana A. and Sofie M. Van Parijs and Nowacek, Douglas P.}
}
@article {53254,
	title = {Implementing conservation measures for the North Atlantic right whale: considering the behavioral ontogeny of mother-calf pairs},
	journal = {Animal Conservation},
	year = {2018},
	abstract = {<p>Understanding the behavioral ecology of a species is fundamental to effective conservation and management efforts. This study quantifies the behavioral ontogeny of North Atlantic right whale mother-calf pairs from birth to weaning spanning three critical habitat areas off the eastern coast of the United States and Canada. Data from 55 focal follows of 34 mother-calf pairs were collected from 2011 to 2015. Resting behaviors dominated the activity budgets for both mother and calf during the first 5 months, putting them at increased risk of vessel collisions. There was an increase in the proportion of active behaviors (travel, foraging, social activity) in both mother and calf as the calf matured. Importantly, the type of active behaviors, in particular surface skim feeding and surface active social behavior, meant that the risk of vessel collision to the pair did not decrease as the calf matured. Mother-calf right whale pairs showed very low calling rates on the calving grounds, suggesting that passive acoustic monitoring may not be an effective mitigation tool during the early months. However, calling rates increase once the pair leave the calving areas with both calf age and activity levels increasing, at which point passive acoustic monitoring becomes valuable. Protective measures need to take these rapid developmental changes throughout calf growth into account to improve the efficacy of protection measures for the endangered North Atlantic right whale and other species where behavioral ecology changes rapidly during maturation.</p>
},
	keywords = {activity budget, behavioral ontogeny, callrate, marine mammal, NorthAtlantic right whale, passive acoustic monitoring, vessel collision},
	doi = {10.1111/acv.12457},
	author = {D. A. Cusano and L. A. Conger and Sofie M. Van Parijs and S. E. Parks}
}
@article {16647,
	title = {Management of acoustic metadata for bioacoustics},
	journal = {Ecological Informatics},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {122 - 136},
	issn = {15749541},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2015.12.002},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1574954115001983},
	author = {Roch, Marie A. and Batchelor, Heidi and Baumann-Pickering, Simone and Catherine L. Berchok and Cholewiak, Danielle and Fujioka, Ei and Garland, Ellen C. and Herbert, Sean and Sofie M. Van Parijs and Risch, Denise and {\v S}irovi{\'c}, Ana and Soldevilla, Melissa S.}
}
