@article {53370,
	title = {Experimental evidence that titi and saki monkey alarm calls deter an ambush predator},
	journal = {Animal Behaviour},
	volume = {145},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-11-2018},
	pages = {141 - 147},
	abstract = {<p>Many animals use alarm calls in intraspecific communication to warn conspecifics of a predator\&$\#$39;s presence or to elicit coordinated group responses. However, alarm calls may also be aimed directly at the predator to discourage further pursuit. These \&$\#$39;pursuit-deterrent\&$\#$39; signals are particularly important in the presence of ambush predators that rely on stealth to hunt prey. Here, we conducted playback experiments over a 16-month period on radiocollared ocelots, Leopardus pardalis, in Peru using audio stimuli of titi monkey (Callicebus toppini) and saki monkey (Pithecia rylandsi) alarm calls, with nonalarm loud calls as controls. We predicted that, if titi and saki alarm calls function as deterrent signals, then ocelots would move away from the sound source and leave the area following exposure to alarms but not following controls. We tracked ocelots via radiotelemetry for 30 min prior to and 30 min following experiments. At 15 min intervals we noted subject location, whether the cat was stationary or moving towards, away from or parallel to the playback area (calculated using a deflection angle) and distance travelled. Results showed a significantly different pattern in response movement between playback trials; ocelots moved away from the sound source in the majority of alarm trials but remained stationary/hidden or moved in a variety of directions following control trials. Ocelots also moved significantly farther following exposure to alarm trials than following exposure to controls. We conclude that ocelots can distinguish alarm calls from other loud calls and are deterred by alarm-calling monkeys. This is the first study to use playbacks on wild predators to test the pursuit-deterrent function of primate alarm calls.</p>
},
	keywords = {Callicebus, interspecific communication, Leopardus pardalisocelot, perception advertisement, Pithecia, playback experiment, pursuit-deterrent signal, radiotelemetry},
	issn = {00033472},
	doi = {10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.09.010},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721830280Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830280X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830280X?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Adams, Dara B. and Kitchen, Dawn M.}
}
@article {53242,
	title = {Duetting Patterns of Titi Monkeys (Primates, Pitheciidae: Callicebinae) and Relationships with Phylogeny},
	journal = {Animals},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {178},
	abstract = {<p>Long-range vocal communication in socially monogamous titi monkeys is mediated by the production of loud, advertising calls in the form of solos, duets, and choruses. We conducted a power spectral analysis of duets and choruses (simply \&ldquo;duets\&rdquo; hereafter) followed by linear discriminant analysis using three acoustic parameters\&mdash;dominant frequency of the combined signal, duet sequence duration, and pant call rate\&mdash;comparing the coordinated vocalizations recorded from 36 family groups at 18 sites in Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador. Our analysis identified four distinct duetting patterns: (1) a donacophilus pattern, sensu stricto, characteristic of P. donacophilus, P. pallescens, P. olallae, and P. modestus; (2) a moloch pattern comprising P. discolor, P. toppini, P. aureipalatii, and P. urubambensis; (3) a torquatus pattern exemplified by the duet of Cheracebus lucifer; and (4) the distinctive duet of\&nbsp;P. oenanthe, a putative member of the donacophilus group, which is characterized by a mix of broadband and narrowband syllables, many of which are unique to this species. We also document a sex-related difference in the bellow-pant phrase combination among the three taxa sampled from the moloch lineage. Our data reveal a presumptive taxonomic incoherence illustrated by the distinctive loud calls of both P. urubambensis and P. oenanthe within the donacophilus lineage, sensu largo. The results are discussed in light of recent reassessments of the callicebine phylogeny, based on a suite of genetic studies, and the potential contribution of environmental influences, including habitat acoustics and social learning. A better knowledge of callicebine loud calls may also impact the conservation of critically endangered populations, such as the vocally distinctive Peruvian endemic, the San Martin titi, P. oenanthe.</p>
},
	keywords = {Callicebus, Cheracebus, conservation, Plecturocebus, taxonomy, vocal communication},
	doi = {10.3390/ani8100178},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/10/178},
	author = {Adret, Patrice and Dingess, Kimberly and Caselli, Christini and Vermeer, Jan and Mart{\'\i}nez, Jesus and Luna Amancio, Jossy and van Kuijk, Silvy and Hernani Lineros, Lucero and Wallace, Robert and Fernandez-Duque, Eduardo and Di Fiore, Anthony}
}
