02060nas a2200181 4500008004100000022002500041245010400066210006900170260001600239300001200255490000700267520147400274100002701748700001801775700002201793700002001815856004301835 2009 eng d a1082-6467, 1937-242600aThe Elaborate Courtship Behavior of Stenobothrus clavatus Willemse, 1979 (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae)0 aElaborate Courtship Behavior of Stenobothrus clavatus Willemse 1 cDec-01-2009 a171-1820 v183 a

The elaborate courtship behavior of the gomphocerine grasshopper Stenobothrus clavatus, endemic to a few mountains in Greece, incorporates acoustic signalling and visual display elements to prime the conspecific female. The courtship song, produced by rubbing hind legs against an elytral vein, can be divided into four consecutive phases. The basic movements of phases I, II and IV consist of simple up and interrupted downstrokes, with sound produced during the downstroke only. In contrast, phase III is characterized by a fast sound-producing elevation of the femora, a kick of the tibiae and other visual display elements, such as a fast raising of the antennae with their dark spatulate tips during each movement cycle. The latter is strongly pronounced and therefore a characteristic feature of this species.

The stridulatory file of each hind leg consists of two parts. The proximal part bears a double row of little pegs, whereas the pegs in the distal part are regularly aligned in a single row. The proximal part of the stridulatory file is incorporated in sound production only during phase III. However, frequency spectra from different sound elements produced during phase III were similar. Nevertheless, differences are found between phase I/II and phase III/IV, which are ascribed to variations in contact pressure of the stridulatory file against the forewing, rather than to different portions of the stridulatory file being involved.

1 aOstrowski, Tim, Daniel1 aSradnick, Jan1 aStumpner, Andreas1 aElsner, Norbert uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1665/034.018.020602287nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001600190520171800206653002201924653001201946653001701958653001701975100002801992700002002020700002202040856004302062 2018 eng d00aAuditory DUM neurons in a bush-cricket: A filter bank for carrier frequency0 aAuditory DUM neurons in a bushcricket A filter bank for carrier  cJun-01-20203 a

In bush-crickets the first stage of central auditory processing occurs in the prothoracic ganglion. About 15 to 50 different auditory dorsal unpaired median neurons (DUM neurons) exist but they have not been studied in any detail. These DUM-neurons may be classified into seven different morphological types, although, there is only limited correlation between morphology and physiological responses. 97% of the stained neurons were local, 3% were intersegmental. About 90% project nearly exclusively into the auditory neuropile, and 45% into restricted areas therein. Lateral extensions overlap with the axons of primary auditory sensory neurons close to their branching point. DUM neurons are typically tuned to frequencies covering the range between 2 and 50 kHz and thereby may establish a filter bank for carrier frequency. Less than 10% of DUM-neurons have their branches in adjacent and more posterior regions of the auditory neuropile and are mostly tuned to low frequencies, less sensitive than the other types and respond to vibration. 35% of DUM show indications of inhibition, either through reduced responses at higher intensities, or by hyperpolarizing responses to sound. Most DUM-neurons produce phasic spike responses preferably at higher intensities. Spikes may be elicited by intracellular current injection. Preliminary data suggest that auditory DUM-neurons have GABA as transmitter and therefore may inhibit other auditory interneurons. From all known local auditory neurons, only DUM neurons have frequency specific responses which appear suited for local processing relevant for acoustic communication in bush crickets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

10acarrier frequency10ahearing10aInvertebrate10alocal neuron1 aLefebvre, Paule, ChloƩ1 aSeifert, Marvin1 aStumpner, Andreas uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/cne.2439902262nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001300041245007900054210006900133520179000202100002901992700002202021700001902043856006602062 2017 eng d a0022191000aBrain regions for sound processing and song release in a small grasshopper0 aBrain regions for sound processing and song release in a small g3 a

We investigated brain regions – mostly neuropils - that process auditory information relevant for the initiation of response songs of female grasshoppers Chorthippus biguttulus during bidirectional intraspecific acoustic communication. Male-female acoustic duets in the species Ch. biguttulus require the perception of sounds, their recognition as a species- and gender-specific signal and the initiation of commands that activate thoracic pattern generating circuits to drive the sound-producing stridulatory movements of the hind legs. To study sensory-to-motor processing during acoustic communication we used multielectrodes that allowed simultaneous recordings of acoustically stimulated electrical activity from several ascending auditory interneurons and local brain neurons and subsequent electrical stimulation of the recording site. Auditory activity was detected in the lateral protocerebrum (where most of the described ascending auditory interneurons terminate), in the superior medial protocerebrum and in the central complex, that has previously been implicated in the control of sound production. Neural responses to behaviorally attractive sound stimuli showed no or only poor correlation with behavioral responses. Current injections into the lateral protocerebrum, the central complex and the deuto-/tritocerebrum (close to the cerebro-cervical fascicles), but not into the superior medial protocerebrum, elicited species-typical stridulation with high success rate. Latencies and numbers of phrases produced by electrical stimulation were different between these brain regions. Our results indicate three brain regions (likely neuropils) where auditory activity can be detected with two of these regions being potentially involved in song initiation.

1 aBhavsar, Mit, Balvantray1 aStumpner, Andreas1 aHeinrich, Ralf uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002219101630242602619nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260001600243300001100259490000700270520190700277653001702184653001702201653001702218100002202235700001702257700002102274700001902295700001902314856005602333 2013 eng d a1536-244200aTrue Katydids (Pseudophyllinae) from Guadeloupe: Acoustic Signals and Functional Considerations of Song Production0 aTrue Katydids Pseudophyllinae from Guadeloupe Acoustic Signals a cJan-12-2013 a1 - 160 v133 a

Guadeloupe, the largest of the Leeward Islands, harbors three species of Pseudophyllinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) belonging to distinct tribes. This study examined the basic aspects of sound production and acousto-vibratory behavior of these species. As the songs of many Pseudophyllinae are complex and peak at high frequencies, they require high quality recordings. Wild specimens were therefore recorded ex situ. Collected specimens were used in structure-function experiments. Karukerana aguilari Bonfils (Pterophyllini) is a large species with a mirror in each tegmen and conspicuous folds over the mirror. It sings 4–6 syllables, each comprising 10–20 pulses, with several peaks in the frequency spectrum between 4 and 20 kHz. The song is among the loudest in Orthoptera (> 125 dB SPL in 10 cm distance). The folds are protective and have no function in song production. Both mirrors may work independently in sound radiation. Nesonotus reticulatus (Fabricius) (Cocconotini) produces verses from two syllables at irregular intervals. The song peaks around 20 kHz. While singing, the males often produce a tremulation signal with the abdomen at about 8–10 Hz. To our knowledge, it is the first record of simultaneous calling song and tremulation in Orthoptera. Other males reply to the tremulation with their own tremulation. Xerophyllopteryx fumosa (Brunner von Wattenwyl) (Pleminiini) is a large, bark-like species, producing a syllable of around 20 pulses. The syllables are produced with irregular rhythms (often two with shorter intervals). The song peaks around 2–3 kHz and 10 kHz. The hind wings are relatively thick and are held between the half opened tegmina during singing. Removal of the hind wings reduces song intensity by about 5 dB, especially of the low frequency component, suggesting that the hind wings have a role in amplifying the song.

10abioacoustics10abush-cricket10astridulation1 aStumpner, Andreas1 aDann, Angela1 aSchink, Matthias1 aGubert, Silvia1 aHugel, Sylvain uhttp://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1673/031.013.15701