02070nas a2200217 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156520134000225653005201565653001801617653000901635653002201644653001701666100002101683700001801704700002101722700002201743700002201765700002201787856004301809 2021 eng d00aIt Is Not Just a Matter of Noise: Sciaena umbra Vocalizes More in the Busiest Areas of the Venice Tidal Inlets0 aIt Is Not Just a Matter of Noise Sciaena umbra Vocalizes More in3 a

Boat noise is known to have a detrimental effect on a vulnerable Mediterranean sciaenid, the brown meagre Sciaena umbra. During summer 2019, two acoustic surveys were conducted at 40 listening points distributed within the inlet areas of Venice (northern Adriatic Sea). Two five- minute recordings were collected per each point during both the boat traffic hours and the peak of the species’ vocal activity with the aims of (1) characterizing the local noise levels and (2) evaluating the fish spatial distribution by means of its sounds. High underwater broadband noise levels were found (sound pressure levels (SPLs)50–20kHz 107–137 dB re 1 μPa). Interestingly, a significantly higher background noise within the species’ hearing sensibility (100–3150 Hz) was highlighted in the afternoon (113 ± 5 dB re 1 μPa) compared to the night (103 ± 7 dB re 1 μPa) recordings due to a high vessel traffic. A cluster analysis based on Sciaena umbra vocalizations separated the listening points in three groups: highly vocal groups experienced higher vessel presence and higher afternoon noise levels compared to the lower ones. Since the species’ sounds are a proxy of spawning events, this suggests that the reproductive activity was placed in the noisier part of the inlets.

10aanthropogenic noise passive acoustic monitoring10acoastal areas10afish10aprotected species10areproduction1 aPicciulin, Marta1 aFacca, Chiara1 aFiorin, Riccardo1 aRiccato, Federico1 aZucchetta, Matteo1 aMalavasi, Stefano uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/9/2/23702084nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133520153800202100002101740700002101761700002401782856015601806 2020 eng d00aSound Production and Mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas (Polyprionidae)0 aSound Production and Mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass Stereolepis3 a

This study provided a first detailed description of the acoustic calls and the possible sound production mechanism in the Giant Sea Bass (Stereolepis gigas). Passive acoustic (hydrophone) recordings of Giant Sea Bass sounds were made of three mature individuals (40–45 kg) held in a circular 17,000 l seawater tank isolated from other fish species. Four basic sounds plus combinations were identified from the tank recordings when fish were present and were encountered on numerous occasions throughout the study. We classified the basic sounds as two types of pulses (A and B), short bursts, and long bursts, and combinations of short and long bursts. Mean peak frequencies of the four sound types were less than 39 Hz, while mean durations ranged from 67 ms to 545 ms, depending on sound type. We also obtained and dissected two mature, adult Giant Sea Bass to describe the morphology of a putative sound production mechanism. Five putative sonic muscles were discovered between each of the first six pleural ribs of the male examined. These five massive muscles (=obliquus superioris?) unite ribs 3 to 9 and were found at the level of the deep hypaxial musculature. The identification of these sounds and accompanying sonic mechanism marks the first occurrence of sound production in the family of wreckfishes (Polyprionidae). This knowledge of the acoustic characteristics increases our ability to document the presence, activity, and possibly the abundance of this critically endangered species at spawning sites.

1 aAllen, Larry, G.1 aLadin, Emily, S.1 aRowell, Timothy, J. uhttps://bioone.org/journals/copeia/volume-108/issue-4/CI2020041/Sound-Production-and-Mechanism-in-the-Giant-Sea-Bass-Stereolepis/10.1643/CI2020041.full02413nas a2200253 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169520160500238653001701843653001001860653000901870653001101879653001501890100002101905700002501926700001801951700002001969700002201989700002402011700002002035700002202055700002102077856006102098 2019 eng d00aPassive monitoring of phenological acoustic patterns reveals the sound of the camouflage grouper, Epinephelus polyphekadion0 aPassive monitoring of phenological acoustic patterns reveals the3 a

1. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a non‐invasive technique that uses hydro- phones to monitor populations and ecosystem dynamics. Although many applica- tions of PAM have been developed in recent years, it has never been used to identify a calling marine species.
2. ThesouthpassofFakaravaAtoll,FrenchPolynesia,hostsspawningeventsofmany reef fish species, including the camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion, with a spawning aggregation abundance exceeding 17 000 individuals during the full moons of June and July.
3. The current study aimed to use PAM to distinguish camouflage grouper sounds among the vocal activities of all fish recorded during the aggregation periods. Audio recordings analysis resulted in the identification of 29 sound types, some of which showed diel and lunar patterns.
4. Temporal analysis of these sounds in relation to spawning activities allowed the identification of camouflage grouper calls. These calls can be described as a single pulse or a series of ‘boom(s)’ with a pulse duration of ~44 ms and a low dominant frequency of 103 ± 31 Hz. Video recordings show that the camouflage grouper pro- duces the ‘booms’ to initialize spawner ascent and to promote synchronous gamete release into the water column.
5. The study highlights for the first time that PAM can be used to identify the previ- ously unknown sound of a fish species. Moreover, we can use it to understand the phenology of some biological activities for improving the resolution of fish bio- diversity assessments.

10abiodiversity10acoral10afish10alagoon10amonitoring1 aJublier, Noémie1 aBertucci, Frédéric1 aKéver, Loïc1 aColleye, Orphal1 aBallesta, Laurent1 aNemeth, Richard, S.1 aLecchini, David1 aRhodes, Kevin, L.1 aParmentier, Eric uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aqc.324201743nas a2200181 4500008004100000245013600041210006900177520108800246653002401334653002501358653001901383653002601402100001501428700001401443700001701457700002001474856006701494 2019 eng d00aThe role of ambient sound levels, signal-to-noise ratio, and stimulus pulse rate on behavioural disturbance of seabass in a net pen0 arole of ambient sound levels signaltonoise ratio and stimulus pu3 a

Anthropogenic sources increasingly contribute to the underwater soundscape and this may negatively impact aquatic life, including fish. Anthropogenic sound may mask relevant sound, alter behaviour, physiology, and may lead to physical injury. Behavioural effect studies are often seen as critical to evaluate individual and population-level impact. However, behavioural responsiveness likely depends on context and characteristics of sound stimuli. We pose that ambient sound levels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and pulse rate interval (PRI), could affect the behavioural response of fish. To study this, we experimentally exposed groups of tagged European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to different impulsive sound treatments that varied in pulse level, elevated background level, SNR, and PRI. Upon sound exposure, the seabass increased their swimming depth. The variation in the increase in swimming depth could not be attributed to pulse level, background level, SNR or PRI. It may be that the current range of sound levels or PRIs was too narrow to find such effects.

10aanthropogenic noise10aDicentrarchus labrax10aFish behaviour10asignal-to-noise ratio1 aHubert, J.1 aNeo, Y.Y.1 aWinter, H.V.1 aSlabbekoorn, H. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S037663571930329802019nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260001600208300001600224490000800240520141400248653002301662653002001685653001701705653002101722100002601743856005601769 2019 eng d a0378-190900aThe acoustic behavior of Southern King Weakfish (Macrodon atricauda-Sciaenidae)0 aacoustic behavior of Southern King Weakfish Macrodon atricaudaSc cJan-10-2019 a1253 - 12640 v1023 a

Many species of fishes use acoustic signals for a variety of purposes, and sciaenid are well-known producers of sound. The Southern King Weakfish (Macrodon atricuada- Sciaenidae) possesses sexually dimorphic bilateral sonic muscles used for sound production. The bilaterally paired muscles lie on the inner body wall of the male, surrounding the swimbladder. The Southern King Weakfish produces three different sounds: advertisement calls, disturbance calls and dual-knocks, these sounds were recorded from Rio de la Plata estuary, Uruguayan coastal waters and laboratory. The advertisement call, related to courtship, was recorded in the field and from spawning males in the laboratory. Disturbance calls were produced when captive M. atricauda were startled, chased with a net or grabbed by the tail. Disturbance calls consist of a burst of pulses produced at short intervals. In disturbance call interpulse interval increased and dominant frequency decreased linearly (P < 0.05), pulse duration did not change with fish size. M. atricauda start producing disturbance call at 14 cm LT (Total Length), but only individuals over than 25 cm LT were who produced the advertisement call. Dual-knocks, call compose of only two pulses together, was recorder only in captivity. Sounds are a valuable non-invasive tool for fisheries biologists can used to monitor on males in spawning populations.

10aMacrodon atricauda10aRio de la Plata10aSonic muscle10asound production1 aTellechea, Javier, S. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10641-019-00902-602330nas a2200169 4500008004100000245014100041210006900182260001600251300001300267490000700280520174000287100002302027700001502050700002202065700002102087856005202108 2019 eng d00aAutomatic detection, classification, and quantification of sciaenid fish calls in an estuarine soundscape in the Southeast United States0 aAutomatic detection classification and quantification of sciaeni cApr-01-2020 ae02099140 v143 a

In the Southeast USA, major contributors to estuarine soundscapes are the courtship calls produced by fish species belonging to the family Sciaenidae. Long-term monitoring of sciaenid courtship sounds may be valuable in understanding reproductive phenology, but this approach produces massive acoustic datasets. With this in mind, we designed a feature-based, signal detector for sciaenid fish calls and tested the efficacy of this detector against manually reviewed data. Acoustic recorders were deployed to collect sound samples for 2 min every 20 min at four stations in the May River estuary, South Carolina, USA from February to November, 2014. Manual analysis of acoustic files revealed that four fish species, belonging to the family Sciaenidae, were the major sound producers in this estuarine soundscape, and included black drum (Pogonias cromis), silver perch (Bairdiella chrysoura), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Recorded calls served as an acoustic library of signature features that were used to create a signal detector to automatically detect, classify, and quantify the number of calls in each acoustic file. Correlation between manual and automatic detection was significant and precision varied from 61% to 100%. Automatic detection provided quantitative data on calling rates for this long-term data set. Positive temperature anomalies increased calling rates of black drum, silver perch, and spotted seatrout, while negative anomalies increased calling rates of red drum. Acoustic monitoring combined with automatic detection could be an additional or alternative method for monitoring sciaenid spawning and changes in phenology associated with climate change.

1 aMonczak, Agnieszka1 aJi, Yiming1 aSoueidan, Jamileh1 aMontie, Eric, W. uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020991402024nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260001600260300001600276490000800292520140700300100002201707700002001729700001901749700002301768856005101791 2018 eng d a0001-496600aAutomatic detection of fish sounds based on multi-stage classification including logistic regression via adaptive feature weighting0 aAutomatic detection of fish sounds based on multistage classific cJan-11-2018 a2709 - 27180 v1443 a

This paper presents a method for automatic detection of fish sounds in an underwater environment. There exist two difficulties: (i) features and classifiers that provide good detection results differ depending on the underwater environment and (ii) there are cases where a large amount of training data that is necessary for supervised machine learning cannot be prepared. A method presented in this paper (the proposed hybrid method) overcomes these difficulties as follows. First, novel logistic regression (NLR) is derived via adaptive feature weighting by focusing on the accuracy of classification results by multiple classifiers, support vector machine (SVM), and k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). Although there are cases where SVM or k-NN cannot work well due to divergence of useful features, NLR can produce complementary results. Second, the proposed hybrid method performs multi-stage classification with consideration of the accuracy of SVM, k-NN, and NLR. The multi-stage acquisition of reliable results works adaptively according to the underwater environment to reduce performance degradation due to diversity of useful classifiers even if abundant training data cannot be prepared. Experiments on underwater recordings including sounds of Sciaenidae such as silver croakers (Pennahia argentata) and blue drums (Nibea mitsukurii) show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid method.

1 aHarakawa, Ryosuke1 aOgawa, Takahiro1 aHaseyama, Miki1 aAkamatsu, Tomonari uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.506737301962nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260001600227300001400243490000800257520124200265100002101507700002701528700001801555700003501573700002201608700001801630700001501648700001801663856005101681 2018 eng d a0001-496600aAn approach for automatic classification of grouper vocalizations with passive acoustic monitoring0 aapproach for automatic classification of grouper vocalizations w cJan-02-2018 a666 - 6760 v1433 a

Grouper, a family of marine fishes, produce distinct vocalizations associated with their reproductive behavior during spawning aggregation. These low frequencies sounds (50–350 Hz) consist of a series of pulses repeated at a variable rate. In this paper, an approach is presented for automatic classifica- tion of grouper vocalizations from ambient sounds recorded in situ with fixed hydrophones based on weighted features and sparse classifier. Group sounds were labeled initially by humans for training and testing various feature extraction and classification methods. In the feature extraction phase, four types of features were used to extract features of sounds produced by groupers. Once the sound features were extracted, three types of representative classifiers were applied to categorize the spe- cies that produced these sounds. Experimental results showed that the overall percentage of identifi- cation using the best combination of the selected feature extractor weighted mel frequency cepstral coefficients and sparse classifier achieved 82.7% accuracy. The proposed algorithm has been imple- mented in an autonomous platform (wave glider) for real-time detection and classification of group vocalizations.

1 aIbrahim, Ali, K.1 aChérubin, Laurent, M.1 aZhuang, Hanqi1 aUmpierre, Michelle, T. Schäre1 aDalgleish, Fraser1 aErdol, Nurgun1 aOuyang, B.1 aDalgleish, A. uhttp://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5022281