02711nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245011300054210006900167260001600236300001200252490000800264520182600272653003202098653002002130653002402150653002402174653002702198100001802225700001702243856023302260 2018 eng d a0003347200aObligate, but not facultative, satellite males prefer the same male sexual signal characteristics as females0 aObligate but not facultative satellite males prefer the same mal cJan-10-2018 a37 - 430 v1443 a

Signalling is energetically expensive and increases the risk of predation and parasite infection. To balance the costs and benefits of mate attraction, individuals may adopt an alternative mating strategy such as satellite behaviour, in which nonsignalling males will settle near signalling males and attempt to intercept approaching females. While many suggest that alternative strategies are ‘making the best of a bad job’, little research has examined whether satellites, particularly obligate satellites, have the potential to increase their mating success by preferentially targeting more attractive signallers. Using the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, we tested the hypothesis that males are more likely to act as satellites to signalling males with particularly attractive songs, as these callers are likely to attract the most females. In this species, a novel male wing mutation, ‘flatwing’, renders some males unable to call. Flatwings are obligate satellites, while nonmutated, normal-wing males switch between calling and satellite strategies. We presented males with calling song models varying in the percentage of long-to-short chirps, a characteristic important in female choice. As was shown for females in previous work, flatwings exhibited a strong preference for calling songs composed of 60% long chirp. Normal wing males did not prefer any particular calling song model. Our results lead to the paradoxical conclusion that males with highly attractive songs may not have the highest mating success. Such male preference for male sexual signals may oppose selection by females and increase competition between signalling and satellite males. This could potentially slow the rate of male trait evolution and influence the evolution of male competition.

10aalternative mating strategy10arapid evolution10asatellite behaviour10asignal exploitation10aTeleogryllus oceanicus1 aOlzer, Rachel1 aZuk, Marlene uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721830229Xhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S000334721830229X?httpAccept=text/plain02577nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015500041210006900196260001600265300001400281490000800295520199800303100002602301700002102327700001702348856005402365 2018 eng d00aLimited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket ( Teleogryllus oceanicus) exploratory behaviors in response to perceived social environment0 aLimited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket iTeleogryllu cJan-09-2018 a650 - 6560 v1243 a

How populations adapt, or not, to rapid evolution of sexual signals has important implications for population viability, but is difficult to assess due to the paucity of examples of sexual signals evolving in real time. In Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus), selection from a deadly parasitoid fly has driven the rapid loss of a male acoustic signal, calling song, that females use to locate and evaluate potential mates. In this newly quiet environment where many males are obligately silent, how do phonotactic females find mates? Previous work has shown that the acoustic rearing environment (presence or absence of male calling song) during late juvenile stages and early adulthood exposes adaptive flexibility in locomotor behaviors of males, as well as mating behaviors in both sexes that helps facilitate the spread of silent (flatwing) males. Here, we tested whether females also show acoustically induced plasticity in walking behaviors using laboratory‐reared populations of T. oceanicus from Kauai (HI; >90% flatwings), Oahu (HI; ~50% flatwings), and Mangaia (Cook Islands; no flatwings or parasitoid fly). Though we predicted that females reared without song exposure would increase walking behaviors to facilitate mate localization when song is rare, we discovered that, unlike males, female T. oceanicus showed relatively little plasticity in exploratory behaviors in response to an acoustic rearing environment. Across all three populations, exposure to male calling song during development did not affect latency to begin walking, distance walked, or general activity of female crickets. However, females reared in the absence of song walked slower and showed a marginally non‐significant tendency to walk for longer durations of time in a novel environment than those reared in the presence of song. Overall, plasticity in female walking behaviors appears unlikely to have facilitated sexual signal loss in this species.

1 aHeinen-Kay, Justa, L.1 aStrub, Daina, B.1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/eth.2018.124.issue-902627nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001300041245004800054210004800102260001600150300001600166490000700182520177900189100001901968700002101987700001902008700001802027700002102045700002102066700002502087700001702112700002302129856023302152 2014 eng d a0960982200aRapid Convergent Evolution in Wild Crickets0 aRapid Convergent Evolution in Wild Crickets cJan-06-2014 a1369 - 13740 v243 a

The earliest stages of convergent evolution are difficult to observe in the wild, limiting our understanding of the incipient genomic architecture underlying convergent phenotypes [1, 2]. To address this, we capitalized on a novel trait, flatwing, that arose and proliferated at the start of the 21stcentury in a population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) on the Hawaiian island of Kauai [3]. Flatwing erases sound-producing structures on male forewings. Mutant males cannot sing to attract females, but they are protected from fatal attack by an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly (Ormia ochracea). Two years later, the silent morph appeared on the neighboring island of Oahu. We tested two hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of flatwings in Hawaii: (1) that the silent morph originated on Kauai and subsequently introgressed into Oahu and (2) that flatwing originated independently on each island. Morphometric analysis of male wings revealed that Kauai flatwings almost completely lack typical derived structures, whereas Oahu flatwings retain noticeably more wild-type wing venation. Using standard genetic crosses, we confirmed that the mutation segregates as a single-locus, sex-linked Mendelian trait on both islands. However, genome-wide scans using RAD-seq recovered almost completely distinct markers linked with flatwing on each island. The patterns of allelic association with flatwing on either island reveal different genomic architectures consistent with the timing of two mutational events on the X chromosome. Divergent wing morphologies linked to different loci thus cause identical behavioral outcomes - silence - illustrating the power of selection to rapidly shape convergent adaptations from distinct genomic starting points.

1 aPascoal, Sonia1 aCezard, Timothee1 aEik-Nes, Aasta1 aGharbi, Karim1 aMajewska, Jagoda1 aPayne, Elizabeth1 aRitchie, Michael, G.1 aZuk, Marlene1 aBailey, Nathan, W. uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982214005247https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982214005247?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0960982214005247?httpAccept=text/plain02052nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001300041245009000054210006900144260001600213300001400229490000800243520140600251653002701657653001301684653001701697653002901714653002001743100001701763856006601780 2015 eng d a0003347200aRoaming Romeos: male crickets evolving in silence show increased locomotor behaviours0 aRoaming Romeos male crickets evolving in silence show increased  cJan-03-2015 a213 - 2190 v1013 a

Loss of sexual signals should be strongly selected against when these signals are necessary for mate attraction or acquisition. Male Teleogryllus oceanicus field crickets produce a long-distance calling song to attract females. Separate genetic mutations recently evolved on the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai and Oahu, rendering approximately 90% and 50% of males, respectively, incapable of calling. We examined whether males from three populations, each with a distinct prevalence of this silent ‘flatwing’ phenotype, show behavioural plasticity in response to being reared in a call-less environment. Crickets from Kauai, Oahu and Mangaia, a Cook Islands population without the flatwing phenotype, either were or were not exposed to calling song during late juvenile and early adult development. Movement assays showed that when males originating from Kauai were reared in silence, they moved sooner, moved more and spent more time walking during silent behaviour trials than did their counterparts reared with calling song. Males from Oahu and Mangaia, however, showed no such effect of acoustic rearing environment on these behaviours. This suggests that there has been directional selection on Kauai for males to respond to a silent environment by increasing their mobility, thus compensating for their lack of song and increasing their chance of encountering receptive females.

10abehavioural plasticity10aflatwing10an signal los10as Teleogryllus oceanicus10asexual selectio1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334721400476X01996nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245015400054210006900208260001600277300001300293490000700306520106800313653002701381653003101408653003501439653001801474653001901492653001901511653001901530100002001549700002401569700002101593700002101614700001701635856006601652 2007 eng d a0003347200aBehavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea utilizing different cricket species as hosts0 aBehavioural specialization among populations of the acoustically cJan-01-2007 a99 - 1040 v733 a

Tightly coupled evolutionary associations between parasites and their hosts are well known. What is less well characterized is the behavioural specialization of parasites that exploit different hosts in different parts of the parasite’s geographical range. Here we examine behavioural specialization among populations of a parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea, that exploit different host species of crickets in different parts of the fly’s range. We conducted a field experiment to compare phonotactic attraction of flies from Florida, Texas, California and Hawaii (U.S.A.) to the songs of their local host species of cricket versus their attraction to the songs of species of crickets utilized as hosts elsewhere within the flies’ range. We found strong behavioural specialization of fly populations, with preferential phonotaxis towards the song of the local host species of cricket. These results suggest strong behavioural specialization of flies, but that specialization does not constrain or preclude the rapid adoption of novel hosts.

10aacoustic communication10abehavioural specialization10adiptera-orthoptera coevolution10aeavesdropping10ahost selection10aOrmia ochracea10aparasitoid fly1 aGray, David, A.1 aBanuelos, Christina1 aWalker, Sean, E.1 aCade, William H.1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720600393901289nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001300041245014200054210006900196260001600265300001600281490000700297520072100304100002301025700001701048856006601065 1992 eng d a0003347200aVariability in call structure and pairing success of male field crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus: the effects of age, size and parasite load0 aVariability in call structure and pairing success of male field  cJan-12-1992 a1145 - 11520 v443 a

The effects of male body size, age and gregarine parasite load on the structure of calls and success at attracting mates were investigated in a natural population of the field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus. The syllable rate within chirps was negatively related to male size, and the duration of syllables was positively related to size. Older males had more variable syllable rates within their chirps. Size did not influence pairing success. However, paired males were significantly older than solitary calling males. Parasitic infection influenced the pairing success of young males but not old males. These data are discussed in the context of direct and indirect selection for female mating preferences.

1 aSimmons, Leigh, W.1 aZuk, Marlene uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334720580326400559nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210007000152260001600222100001700238700002300255700002600278700001800304700002400322856005500346 2017 eng d a0892-755300aCalls of Recently Introduced Coquí Frogs Do Not Interfere with Cricket Phonotaxis in Hawaii0 aCalls of Recently Introduced Coquí Frogs Do Not Interfere with C cJul-01-20181 aZuk, Marlene1 aTanner, Jessie, C.1 aSchmidtman, Elizabeth1 aBee, Mark, A.1 aBalenger, Susan, L. uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10905-017-9597-101541nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001300041245011100054210006900165260001600234300000800250490000700258520098500265100001701250700002501267700002301292856005601315 1998 eng d a0014382000aCalling Songs of Field Crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) With and Without Phonotactic Parasitoid Infection0 aCalling Songs of Field Crickets Teleogryllus oceanicus With and  cJan-02-1998 a1660 v523 a

The field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus has been introduced to Hawaii, where it is parasitized by an acoustically orienting parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. Previous work showed that call parameters from parasitized populations differ from those in unparasitized populations in a direction expected if selection by flies is occurring. Here we examined songs of males collected in the field and compare calling song characters of crickets later found to harbor parasitoid larvae with those of males free of parasitoids. The two groups differ significantly in several song characteristics, particularly the trill-like long chirp given at the beginning of each song. Males with longer long chirps containing shorter interpulse intervals are more likely to be parasitized, suggesting that the flies find such males more attractive. Depending on the traits females prefer, sexual selection may oppose natural selection in altering T. oceanicus song in parasitized populations.

1 aZuk, Marlene1 aRotenberry, John, T.1 aSimmons, Leigh, W. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2410931?origin=crossref