<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Windmill, James Frederick Charles</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jackson, Joseph Curt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuck, Elizabeth Jane</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robert, Daniel</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Keeping up with Bats: Dynamic Auditory Tuning in a Moth</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982206023219</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Many night-flying insects evolved ultrasound sensi- tive ears in response to acoustic predation by echolo- cating bats [1&amp;ndash;10]. Noctuid moths are most sensitive to frequencies at 20&amp;ndash;40 kHz [6], the lower range of bat ultrasound [5, 11&amp;ndash;13]. This may disadvantage the moth because noctuid-hunting bats in particular echo- locate at higher frequencies shortly before prey cap- ture [7, 11&amp;ndash;13] and thus improve their echolocation and reduce their acoustic conspicuousness [6&amp;ndash;10, 12&amp;ndash;16]. Yet, moth hearing is not simple; the ear&amp;rsquo;s non- linear dynamic response shifts its mechanical sensi- tivity up to high frequencies. Dependent on incident sound intensity, the moth&amp;rsquo;s ear mechanically tunes up and anticipates the high frequencies used by hunt- ing bats. Surprisingly, this tuning is hysteretic, keep- ing the ear tuned up for the bat&amp;rsquo;s possible return. A mathematical model is constructed for predicting a lin- ear relationship between the ear&amp;rsquo;s mechanical stiff- ness and sound intensity. This nonlinear mechanical response is a parametric amplitude dependence [17, 18] that may constitute a feature common to other sen- sory systems. Adding another twist to the coevolu- tionary arms race between moths and bats, these re- sults reveal unexpected sophistication in one of the simplest ears known and a novel perspective for inter- preting bat echolocation calls.&lt;/p&gt;
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