BioAcoustica is a free, open repository of wildlife sound recordings from the Natural History Museum, London.
Taxonomic index of the BioAcoustica collection
Acoustic and biological measurements in the BioAcoustica collection
Recording annotations from ann-o-mate
The specimens that recordings are of, from the collections
Where the specimens that recordings are of were collected, not where the sound was recorded
Calling song (Figs 24–27, 30–33) The calling song of Chorthippus oschei pusztaensis is different from the albomarginatus song by a higher rate of the leg movements (50/s) and a higher pulse rate (90–110/s). The legs in the nominate subspe- cies move even more frequently, at a rate of 60–65/s, and besides, these movements are modulated by a lower frequency of about 8/s. Oscillographic anal- ysis shows that the gaps between pulses are some- times distinct in the songs of pusztaensis, however, these gaps are completely absent from the songs of the nominate subspecies. In the latter subspecies, the sound is sometimes modulated in the ampli- tude. Other parameters of the calling song, like the number and duration of songs, are similar to those in albomarginatus. Courtship song (Figs 56–59, App. 2) Similarly to Ch. albomarginatus, the courtship song of oschei also starts with alternation of A and B ele- ments. The rate of the leg vibrations during A and B elements, as well as the leg-movement pattern producing A elements, in oschei are quite similar to that in albomarginatus. However, the leg movement pattern producing B elements is more complex than in albomarginatus. The rate of sound pulses in A and B elements is similar to that in Ch. albomarginatus: about 59–62/s in the A element and about 22–24/s in the B element. However in Ch. oschei, B elements are always of a higher intensity than A elements. After about 20–30 alternations of A/B pairs, a complex of B1-A1-C elements follows. In Ch. o. pusztaensis, an amplitude of the leg movements during the B1 element gradually increases and the sound loud- ness essentially increases as well (3–4 times higher in comparison to the loudness of B element). The B1 element lasts for 2 s on average. During the up movement, the legs produce a low-amplitude pulse, during the down movement – a high amplitude pulse. The high amplitude pulses of the B1 element follow each other rather regularly at a rate of about 20–30/s. After that, a rapid leg vibration at a rate of about 75–80/s produces a very short (about 0.18 s) element A1 that contains the pulses following at the same rate. The complex element C starts with lifting of the abdomen at a maximal angle of 50°, accompa- nied with a fast movement of the legs into an extra- high position and a very characteristic stroke with the tibiae. The maximal angle between the tibia and femur is 100–130°; the tibial stroke lasts for 0.2–0.4 s. During the up-stroke, the C1 element is produced. Then the tibiae come again to their normal position and the legs vibrate in a complex pattern. In two sub- species, B1 and C elements are different. In the B1 element of the nominate subspecies, the pulses fol- low regularly only in the first third of the duration of B1 element; then the pulse rate starts abruptly to be very low (5/s). The B1 element is shorter, lasting for 0.8–1 s. When producing the C element, after fin- ishing the tibiae stroke, the legs vibrate in a different pattern in the two subspecies. In Ch. o. pusztaensis the legs vibrate at a rate of 60–70/s modulated by the frequency of 15–20/s, whereas in Ch. o. oschei they vibrate at a similar rate of 55–60/s, however, this vibration rate is modulated by much lower frequency of 4–5/s. As a result, an amplitude-modulated hissing sound is produced in the nominate subspecies and a quieter sound without modulation of an amplitude is generated by Ch. o. pusztaensis.