@inbook {58473, title = {Chapter 26: The role of hearing in mosquito behaviour}, booktitle = {Sensory ecology of disease vectors}, year = {2022}, pages = {683-708}, publisher = {Wageningen Academic Publishers}, organization = {Wageningen Academic Publishers}, abstract = {

Mosquitoes generate sounds by flapping their wings in flight, which are thought to have a role in acoustic communication. Furthermore, the auditory organs of mosquitoes are the most sensitive among all arthropods reported so far. However, the function of hearing in mosquitoes is still unclear, and various debates have been raised in the scientific community. This book chapter reviews current knowledge about mosquito hearing, and is directed to the mosquito ecology community. First, we review acoustical aspects of hearing which need to be taken into account to understand the capabilities of insect sensory systems across a range of distances (near-field/far-field, active/reactive field and air particle velocity/pressure). Second, the basic mechanism of antennal hearing is explained in terms of sound-level and frequency sensitivities, interactions with the Johnston\’s organ and spatial hearing. Third, we review a range of theories behind the role of the acoustic interactions between male and female mosquitoes (harmonic convergence, rapid frequency modulation and species-specificity), and discuss some of the main interpretations of these behaviours. Finally, we discuss the hearing range of mosquitoes in relation to communication and sound traps.

}, keywords = {distortion products, harmonic convergence, mating behaviour, rapid frequency modulation, sound trap}, isbn = {9789086863808, 9789086869329}, doi = {10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_26}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_26}, author = {Feug{\`e}re, L. and Sim{\~o}es, P.M.V. and Russell, I.J. and Gibson, G.} } @mastersthesis {58464, title = {Notes from the Underground: An Exploration of Burying Beetle Thermal Ecology, Sound Production and Reception, and Brain Morphology.}, volume = {PhD}, year = {2022}, school = {University of New Hampshire}, url = {https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2698?utm_source=scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/2698}, author = {Michelle Ward} } @article {58413, title = {Stridulatory sound production and acoustic signals of the longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)}, year = {2021}, abstract = {

Insects have evolved different structures and ways to produce sounds which play a crucial role in many aspects of insect biology, such as reproduction and predator\–prey interactions. Among acoustic insects, although a variety of stridulatory organs have been reported in beetles, acoustic behaviour of these insects has received little attention. Here, stridulatory organs, sound-producing behaviour and acoustic signals in males of the longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata were investigated for the first time. The detailed morphology of the file and scraper of the stridulatory organ are presented. Behavioural observations showed that sound production was associated with the rapid forward and backward movements of the pronotum. The forward and backward movements of the pronotum can both cause interactions between the file and scraper, and produce forward chirps and backward chirps, respectively. Oscillogram and frequency spectrum comparisons of the upward and backward chirps revealed that the two types of chirps exhibited significant differences in temporal and amplitude features, but had similar spectral characteristics. Acoustic studies on most longhorn beetles are strongly needed, which may make significant contributions in many areas, such as the evolution and diversity of the acoustic behaviour and the possibility of use of sounds in taxonomy of longhorn beetles.

}, keywords = {acoustic signals, Beetles, Cerambycidae, sound-producing structures, stridulatory mechanism}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.2021.1890640}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2021.1890640}, author = {Luo, Changqing and Huang, Shihui} } @article {58188, title = {The call of the squeak beetle: bioacoustics of Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775) revisited (Coleoptera: Hygrobiidae)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Hygrobiidae, or squeak beetles, originated in the Triassic-Jurassic and exhibit a relictual distribution in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australasian regions. Hygrobiids are well known for their sound-producing abilities, although studies of their bioacoustics remain limited. Here we describe sound producing organs and bioacoustics of the Palaearctic Hygrobia hermanni (Fabricius, 1775). Plectra and pars stridens were examined in both sexes, and sound characteristics analysed. Despite small differences between male and female last abdominal ventrites, plectra were identical. Pars stridens, however, differed subtly, tooth ridges being wider in females. Calls of both sexes were harmonic, with peak frequency at 6.1\ kHz, and secondary peak at 10.9\ kHz; males exhibiting longer inter-chirp intervals. Calls changed with time in the laboratory, this possibly condition-related effect being more apparent in males. The differences found between sexes suggest that sound production in squeak beetles may function in intraspecific communication, in addition to being an antipredator device.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Hygrobia hermanni, pars stridens, squeak beetle, stridulation}, doi = {10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01650424.2020.1726963}, author = {Blair, Jordan and Bilton, David T.} } @article {58084, title = {Dung beetle distress signals may be correlated with sex and male morph: a case study on Copris lunaris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Coprini)}, year = {2020}, abstract = {

Insect sounds are predominantly produced by stridulations, where specialised body parts contact repeatedly to induce acoustic pulse trains. We studied the stridulatory organ and sound emissions in Copris lunaris, by focussing separately on females, and on major and minor males. Results highlighted an isometric growth of pars stridens in response to body size, and identified a wing-pygidium locking structure that assists sound emission. Sex-specific acoustic differences of some degree were detected between major males and females, as sounds emitted by majors showed higher frequencies and shorter pulses with elevated impulse rates. This cannot be immediately explained by size differences in the components of stridulatory apparatus. Rather, divergence might be an indicator of some underlying behavioural difference in response to distressing events. In minor males, acoustic properties overlapped with both females and major males, although incomplete stridulations had a lower ratio in minor than major males. This paper provides the very first perspective of the potential role of sex and male polymorphism on sound production. However, future categorisations of sounds coupled to behavioural observations of specific interactions are needed to reveal the function of sex and morph-specific differences.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, dung beetles, elytro-abdominal stridulatory organ, male dimorphism, pars stridens, plectrum}, doi = {10.1080/09524622.2019.1710255}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09524622.2019.1710255https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09524622.2019.1710255}, author = {Kerman, Kaan and Roggero, Angela and Piccini, Irene and Rolando, Antonio and Palestrini, Claudia} } @article {57979, title = {Interspecific differences of stridulatory signals in three species of bark beetles from the genus Polygraphus Er. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) inhabiting the island of Sakhalin}, journal = {PeerJ Peprints}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Stridulatory signals are involved in conspecific interactions between bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In this study, we compared the qualitative profiles of acoustic signals in three species from the genus Polygraphus Er. Sympatry can be periodically observed in two of them \– P. proximus and P. subopacus. Sporadically they occur on the same plants. P. nigrielytris colonize distinctly different host plant species; however, on the island of Sakhalin it inhabits the same biotopes. The purpose of the study is to identify species-specific parameters and the extent of differences in stridulatory signals of these species. Airborne signals produced during the contact of males of the same species were experimentally recorded. Among tested parameters of stridulatory signals, as the most species-specific were noted: chirp duration, number of tooth-strikes per chirp, and intertooth-strike interval.

}, doi = {10.7287/peerj.preprints.27697v2}, url = {https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27697v2} } @article {57661, title = {Anatomy of the stridulation apparatus of the beech leaf-mining weevil and characterization of, and behavioral responses to, stridulation sounds}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

We investigated auditory signals and morphology of the stridulatory apparatus of the European beech leaf-mining weevil, Orchestes fagi L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an invasive herbivore now established in Nova Scotia, Canada, to determine their potential for enhancing survey tools to monitor the spread of the species in Canada. We recorded and described sounds produced by adult O. fagi, analyzed the morphology of the stridulatory mechanism for intersexual differences and asymmetry, and examined behavioral responses elicited in conspecifics by playback of stridulation recordings. Adult O. fagi produced sounds under three conditions: male in distress, female in distress, and male in the presence of female. Female distress chirps lasted significantly longer than male distress chirps and male chirps in the presence of females, but peak frequencies and mean number of chirps per s did not differ significantly among the three groups. Morphology of the stridulation structures in male and female O. fagi was compared using scanning electron microscopy. Orchestes fagi have an elytro-tergal file- and scraper-type sound production apparatus, through which sound is produced upon anterior motion of the abdomen. Female O. fagi have a \‘pars stridens\’ that is longer and has more ridges than males. Width and number of ridges per length of pars stridens did not differ between the sexes. Evidence of asymmetry was found in male pars stridens, with the right side being longer than the left. Playback of recorded sounds to adult weevils suggests female O. fagi were repelled by sounds produced by distressed males.

}, keywords = {auditory recording, beechweevil, Coleoptera, Curculionidae, distressstridulation, insectbehavior, insectbioacoustics, Orchestes fagi, pars stridens, playback, scanningelectron microscopy, sexual dimorphism}, doi = {10.1111/eea.12844}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eea.12844}, author = {Goodwin, Joel T.L. and Hillier, N. Kirk and Roscoe, Lucas E. and Sweeney, Jon D.} } @article {57595, title = {The site of stridulation in Geotrupes (Geotrupidae): An unsolved problem?}, journal = {Coleopterist}, volume = {2}, year = {1993}, pages = {56-57}, chapter = {56}, author = {A. A. Allen} } @article {57396, title = {New Data on Vibrational Communication in the Beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae)}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Many Bruchidae species are quarantine pests and are widely used as model species. However, as far as we know, acoustic communication has never been studied in detail in this group. Below we present the first data on the repertoire and emission mechanisms of acoustic communication in the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus. Three types of signal emission were recorded in A. obtectus: striking the head and abdomen against the substrate, abdominal tremulations, and wing vibrations. Two types of signals were recorded in males, and one type, in females. All the acoustic signals recorded in A. obtectus contained both stable (pulse duration, pulse period: CV = 5\–12\%) and variable (duration of the pulse series: CV = 50\%) signal elements. The frequency parameters showed low variation in all the signals (CV = 5\–11\%). Moreover, the dominant frequencies were similar in all the signal types (889\–1158 Hz).

}, doi = {10.1134/S0013873819040043}, author = {L. S. Shestakov and A. A. Kasparson} } @article {57391, title = {Effects of Hypoxia on Acoustic Activity of Two Stored-Product Pests, Adult Emergence, and Grain Quality}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Modified atmospheres such as hermetic storage are widely used for the control of stored grain insect pests. To improve their effectiveness, there is need to better understand insect responses to low-oxygen environments. Adult Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on cowpea and Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat were exposed to hypoxia treatments consisting of 1, 3, and 5\% oxygen levels for 14 d. Acoustic activity was monitored during the experiment, and insect mortality and grain quality were examined immediately after the hypoxia treatments. Adult emergence was assessed 45 d post-treatment. All three hypoxia treatments eliminated acoustic activity of both species within 4 d. There was neither insect survival for both species nor significant grain damage immediately after 14-d exposure to hypoxia treatments. No adult insects emerged 45 d post-exposure on grains maintained at 1\% oxygen level for 14 d. However, at 3 and 5\% oxygen levels, there were eggs on cowpea, holes in wheat, and emerging adults for both insect species 45 d post-exposure. Although insect activity ceased within 4 d when hypoxia was maintained below 5\%, there is need to explore exposure beyond 14 d for 3 and 5\% oxygen levels, to ensure to avoid potential adult emergence from eggs and other insect life stages post-treatments. Maintaining 3\–5\% hypoxia conditions for a longer duration would ensure insufficient oxygen is available for progeny development.

}, keywords = {cowpea, hermetic storage, insect pest, modified atmosphere, wheat}, doi = {10.1093/jee/toz110}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/jee/article/112/4/1989/5488927}, author = {Anastasia W. Njoroge and Richard W. Mankin and Smith, Bradley and Baributsa, Dieudonne} } @article {57384, title = {Bark beetles use a spring-loaded mechanism to produce variable song patterns}, year = {2019}, abstract = {

Many insects vary their song patterns to communicate different messages, but the underlying biomechanisms are often poorly understood. Here, we report on the mechanics of sound production and variation in an elytro-tergal stridulator, male Dendroctonus valens bark beetles. Using ablation experiments coupled with high-speed video and audio recordings, we show that: (1) chirps are produced using a stridulatory file on the left elytron (forewing) and a protrusion (plectrum) on the seventh abdominal segment; (2) chirps are produced by \‘spring stridulation\’, a catch-and-release mechanism whereby the plectrum catches on a file tooth and, upon release, springs forward along the file; and (3) variability in chirp types is caused by introducing multiple catch-and-release events along the file to create regular interruptions. These results provide experimental evidence for the mechanics of elytro-tergal stridulation, and provide insight into how an insect can incorporate variability into its acoustic repertoire using a spring-loaded mechanism.

}, keywords = {Acoustic, communication, Dendroctonus valens, Insect, sound, stridulation}, doi = {10.1242/jeb.190660}, url = {http://jeb.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/jeb.190660}, author = {Lindeman, Amanda A. and Yack, Jayne E.} } @article {57342, title = {Substrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in a cerambycid beetle}, journal = {Zoological Letters}, volume = {2}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan-12-2016}, abstract = {

Background
Vibrational senses are vital for plant-dwelling animals because vibrations transmitted through plants allow them to detect approaching predators or conspecifics. Little is known, however, about how coleopteran insects detect vibrations.

Results
We investigated vibrational responses of the Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus, and its putative sense organs. This beetle showed startle responses, stridulation, freezing, and walking in response to vibrations below 1 kHz, indicating that they are able to detect low-frequency vibrations. For the first time in a coleopteran species, we have identified the sense organ involved in the freezing behavior. The femoral chordotonal organ (FCO), located in the mid-femur, contained 60\–70 sensory neurons and was distally attached to the proximal tibia via a cuticular apodeme. Beetles with operated FCOs did not freeze in response to low-frequency vibrations during walking, whereas intact beetles did. These results indicate that the FCO is responsible for detecting low-frequency vibrations and mediating the behavioral responses. We discuss the behavioral significance of vibrational responses and physiological functions of FCOs in M. alternatus.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that substrate vibrations mediate behavioral responses via femoral chordotonal organs in M. alternatus.

}, keywords = {Behavior, Coleoptera, Sense organ, vibration}, doi = {10.1186/s40851-016-0053-4}, url = {http://zoologicalletters.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40851-016-0053-4}, author = {Takanashi, Takuma and Fukaya, Midori and Nakamuta, Kiyoshi and Skals, Niels and Nishino, Hiroshi} } @article {53598, title = {First description of sound emission of Rhaphiptera affinis Thomson, 1868 (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Pteropliini)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4567}, year = {2019}, month = {Jun-03-2020}, pages = {580}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4567.310.11646/zootaxa.4567.3.9}, url = {https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4567.3https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4567.3.9}, author = {HEPP, F{\'A}BIO and Andressa M. Bezerra and Juan P. Botero} } @article {53588, title = {Sound production by the larder beetle, Dermestes lardarius Linnaeus (Coleoptera Dermestidae)}, journal = {Journal of Stored Products Research}, volume = {4}, year = {1968}, month = {Jan-10-1968}, pages = {271 - 273}, issn = {0022474X}, doi = {10.1016/0022-474X(68)90020-9}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022474X68900209https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0022474X68900209?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:0022474X68900209?httpAccept=text/plain}, author = {S. W. Bailey and Lemon, R.W.} } @article {53519, title = {Vibrations in hemipteran and coleopteran insects: behaviors and application in pest management}, journal = {Applied Entomology and Zoology}, year = {2019}, month = {Nov-01-2019}, abstract = {

Many groups of insects utilize substrate-borne vibrations for communication. They display various behaviors in response to vibrations in sexual and social communication and in predator\–prey interactions. Although the number of reports on com- munication and behaviors using vibrations has continued to increase across various insect orders, there are several studies of the exploitation of vibrations for pest management in Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Here, we review the studies of behaviors and communication using vibrations in hemipteran and coleopteran insects. For instance, pentatomid bugs display species- and sex-specific vibrational signals during courtship, whereas cerambycid beetles show startle responses to vibrations in the context of predator\–prey interactions. Concepts and case studies in pest management using vibrations\—especially regarding the disruption of communication and behavior\—are also presented.

}, keywords = {Behavioral disruption, communication, Pest control, Sense organ, vibrational signals}, issn = {0003-6862}, doi = {10.1007/s13355-018-00603-z}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13355-018-00603-z}, author = {Takanashi, Takuma and Uechi, Nami and Tatsuta, Haruki} } @article {53430, title = {Description of life stages of dung beetle Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with notes on nesting and biology}, journal = {Journal of Threatened Taxa}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {Feb-12-2020}, pages = {12990 - 12994}, abstract = {

Immature stages of Scaptodera rhadamistus (Fabricius) are described for the first time along with notes on nidification and biology. The larvae differ from other Scarabaeinae species in the structure of raster on tenth sternum with two irregular bunches of serrations ventrally one on either half. Pupae with pronotum transverse having rounded margins resemble adults, and consist of four lateral, single caudal and single pteronotal support projection. Adult males and females differ in coloration, structure of pronotum, presence of spine like process on mesosternum and, in the structure of male and female genitalia.

}, keywords = {Description, immatures, nesting, Scaptodera rhadamistus, scarab beetle}, issn = {0974-7893}, doi = {10.11609/jott.3935.10.15.12990-12994}, url = {https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/issue/view/12907-13046}, author = {Khadakkar, Suvarna S. and Tiple, Ashish D. and Khurad, Arun M.} } @article {53338, title = {On the Design of a Bioacoustic Sensor for the Early Detection of the Red Palm Weevil}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {13}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-02-2013}, pages = {1706 - 1729}, abstract = {

During the last two decades Red Palm Weevil (RPW, Rynchophorus Ferrugineus) has become one of the most dangerous threats to palm trees in many parts of the World. Its early detection is difficult, since palm trees do not show visual evidence of infection until it is too late for them to recover. For this reason the development of efficient early detection mechanisms is a critical element of RPW pest management systems. One of the early detection mechanisms proposed in the literature is based on acoustic monitoring, as the activity of RPW larvae inside the palm trunk is audible for human operators under acceptable environmental noise levels (rural areas, night periods, etc.). In this work we propose the design of an autonomous bioacoustic sensor that can be installed in every palm tree under study and is able to analyze the captured audio signal during large periods of time. The results of the audio analysis would be reported wirelessly to a control station, to be subsequently processed and conveniently stored. That control station is to be accessible via the Internet. It is programmed to send warning messages when predefined alarm thresholds are reached, thereby allowing supervisors to check on-line the status and evolution of the palm tree orchards. We have developed a bioacoustic sensor prototype and performed an extensive set of experiments to measure its detection capability, achieving average detection rates over 90\%.

}, keywords = {acoustic sensor design, acoustic signal processing, pattern matching, pest detection, wavelet transform, wireless sensor networks}, doi = {10.3390/s130201706}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/2/1706}, author = {Rach, Miguel and Gomis, H{\'e}ctor and Granado, Otoniel and Malumbres, Manuel and Campoy, Antonio and Mart{\'\i}n, Juan} } @article {53153, title = {Untersuchungen zum Stridulationsverhalten der Hirschk{\"a}fer-Larven (Lucanus cervus L.) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)}, journal = {MITTEILUNGEN-SCHWEIZERISCHE ENTOMOLOGISCHE GESELLSCHAFT}, volume = {71}, year = {1998}, pages = {471{\textendash}479}, keywords = {larvae, Lucanus cervus, stridulation}, author = {Sprecher-Uebersax, E and Durrer, H} } @article {53110, title = {Marking by elytral clip changes stridulatory characteristics and reduces reproduction in the American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus}, journal = {Journal of Insect Conservation}, volume = {19}, year = {2015}, month = {Jan-02-2015}, pages = {155 - 162}, abstract = {

Some insects produce and use sound during multiple behaviors including many aspects of reproduction. Variation in call structure depends on the evolved mor- phological structures used to produce the sound and encode function. Beetles in the genus Nicrophorus produce strid- ulation by rubbing plectra, located on the ventral side of the elytra, against a pars stridens, located on the caudal end on the fourth and fifth abdominal segment in females and males, respectively. During field surveys for the endan- gered N. americanus, survey crews have historically used a small V-shaped notch cut in the caudal end of the right elytron to serves as a permanent marking method. No study, however, has examined the effect of this marking technique on the characters of stridulation or consequences
for reproductive behavior and fitness. Here we show that one temporal and one spectral character of sound change significantly following elytron clipping, and that repro- ductive success is significantly decreased in all breedings in which a parent beetle is elytron-clipped. We recommend replacement of this marking technique with non-invasive methods to ensure conservation of this endangered species.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, Elytron clipping, Marking technique, Nicrophorus americanus, stridulation}, issn = {1366-638X}, doi = {10.1007/s10841-015-9755-8}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10841-015-9755-8}, author = {Hall, Carrie L. and Howard, Daniel R. and Smith, Rosemary J. and Mason, Andrew C.} } @article {53109, title = {Beitrag zur kenntnis der Stridulationsapparate einheimischer Necrophorus-Arten (Necrophorus humator Ol., Necrophorus investigator Zetterst., Necrophorus vespilloides Herbst) (Insecta, Coleoptera)}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Morphologie der Tiere}, volume = {75}, year = {1973}, month = {Jan-01-1973}, pages = {65 - 75}, abstract = {

1. The elytro-dorsoabdominal stridulatory-apparatus of three native Necrophorus species have been investigated more closely with the aid of thes the stereoscan.

2. The course of the paired \“partes stridentes\” on the 5th abdominal tergit is characteristic for each species.

3. The paired plectrums are located on the back edge of the lower side of the elytrae and are protected against pollution by chitinous setae.

4. Besides defensive stridulation compared to earlier studies, species-specific communication is assumed.

}, issn = {0720-213X}, doi = {10.1007/BF00723670}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00723670}, author = {Schumacher, Rolf} } @article {53108, title = {Geh{\"o}rsinn bei polyphagen K{\"a}fern nachgewiesen}, journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {58}, year = {1971}, month = {Jan-07-1971}, pages = {368 - 369}, issn = {0028-1042}, doi = {10.1007/BF00602808}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00602808}, author = {Niemitz, C. and Krampe, A.} } @article {53107, title = {Description of Acoustic Characters and Stridulatory Pars Stridens of Nicrophorus (Coleoptera: Silphidae): A Comparison of Eight North American Species}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {106}, year = {2013}, month = {Jan-09-2013}, pages = {661 - 669}, abstract = {

Insects make use of sound in a variety of behavioral and reproductive contexts. Acoustic signals are known to serve in defense, sexual advertisement, prey location, and in cooperative activities such as offspring care and group foraging. In airborne signals produced by insects, information associated with species identi\Þcation is often related to the temporal structure of the sound, while spectral quality is more closely associated with intraspeci\Þc variation. The Nicrophorine burying beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) are a group known to produce sound through dorso-ventro stridulation, but the bioacoustics of this group remains understudied. Here, we examine the stridu- latory sound produced by eight North American species of Nicrophorus burying beetles, testing the hypothesis that interspeci\Þc differences will be encoded in temporal characteristics of the sound, and that signal divergence will be explained by one of three mechanisms: selection as an intraspeci\Þc signal, selection for interspeci\Þc aposematism, or random divergence through drift. We digitally recorded stridulation in each species, and analyzed recordings to describe each in respect to four spectral and eight temporal acoustic characters. All species produced a low amplitude biphastic sound pulse consisting of from 58 to 126 syllables, and exhibiting weak dominant frequencies (5.8\Ð12.7 kHz). Collapsing the 12 variables into three rotated factors using principal component analysis, we found no sex-related differences in sound, but signi\Þcant interspecies divergence in respect to all three factors. We constructed a phylogeny for the group based on the morphology of the stridulatory structures and the acoustic characters, and found weak support for an intraspeci\Þc signal divergence model.

}, keywords = {bioacoustics, burying beetle, Nicrophorus, sound production, stridulation}, issn = {00138746}, doi = {10.1603/AN13001}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1603/AN13001}, author = {Hall, Carrie L. and Mason, Andrew C. and Howard, Daniel R. and Padhi, Abinash and Smith, Rosemary J.} } @article {52782, title = {Files and scrapers: circumstantial evidence for stridulation in three species of Amblycerus, one new (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)}, journal = {Pan{\textendash}Pacific Entomologist}, volume = {69}, year = {1993}, pages = {122{\textendash}132}, abstract = {

Amblycerus stridulator NEW SPECIES,\ A. pollens (Sharp) and\ A. eustrophoides (Schaeffer) have in common a fusifrom node with transverse striations on the metepisternum and an apical tooth on the metafemur. The fusiform node (file) and the apical tooth (scraper) may be stridulatory organs. Similar structures in criocerine Chrysomelidae are discussed and compared to the bruchods.\ Ambycerus eustrophoides and\ A. pollens are redescribed.\ Ambylcerus stridulator NEW SPECIES is described from Mexico. The species differ in the sclerites in the internal sac. patterns of pubescence, and the position of the fusiform node on the metepisternum.

}, keywords = {A. eustrophoides, A. pollens, A. stridulator, Amblycerus, Bruchidae, Mexico, stridulation, taxonomy}, author = {Kingsolver, John Mark and Romero, JN and Johnson, Clarence D} } @article {52746, title = {Description of two new species of Amblycerus Thunberg (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) with a probable stridulatory mechanism}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington}, volume = {101}, year = {1999}, pages = {337-346}, chapter = {337}, author = {Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa} } @article {50904, title = {Acoustic communication in the pine engraver bark beetle: do signals vary between behavioural contexts?}, journal = {Physiological Entomology}, year = {2017}, month = {Aug-09-2018}, abstract = {

Acoustic communication is taxonomically widespread in bark beetles and is proposed to play an important role in a variety of social and defensive behavioural contexts. Yet our understanding of how signals vary between contexts is currently limited. The present study tests the hypothesis that acoustic signals vary between behavioural contexts in the female pine engraver beetle Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Female Ips pini produce acoustic chirps using a vertex-pronotal stridulatory organ. Randomly sampled chirps generated under three contexts (i.e. distress, predation and premating) are compared for their duration, number of pulses, interpulse intervals, pulse rate and amplitude envelope shapes. The results obtained show that, during premating events, chirps are significantly longer in duration and tend to have a higher proportion of descending amplitude envelopes than chirps occurring during distress and predation events. Chirps produced during distress and predation conditions are indistinguishable from one another. By contrast to the results from previous bark beetle studies, no support is found for categorizing chirps as \‘interrupted\’ or \‘uninterrupted\’ types based on temporal patterns. The functional significance of context-dependent variation in chirp characteristics is discussed. Previous studies on acoustic communication in bark beetles are limited as a result of a general lack of objective sampling and measurement criteria for characterizing signals. Recommendations are outlined for future studies on the functions and evolution of acoustic communication in bark beetles.

}, doi = {10.1111/phen.12222}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.12222}, author = {Dobai, Andras and Sivalinghem, Senthurran and Guedes, Raul N.C. and Yack, Jayne E.} } @article {50726, title = {Guidelines for the monitoring of Osmoderma eremita and closely related species}, journal = {Nature Conservation}, volume = {20}, year = {2017}, month = {Apr-08-2019}, pages = {79 - 128}, abstract = {

Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) is a saproxylic scarab beetle protected by the Habitats Directive in the European Union. The present paper is part of a special issue on monitoring of saproxylic beetles protected in Europe and starts with a revision of the current knowledge on systematics, ecology, ethology and conservation of O. eremita and its allied species, followed by experimental tests of different methods for monitoring its populations. Two methods were compared in several localities of central Italy: (1) the widely used pitfall traps into tree cavities and (2) black cross windows traps baited with a specific pheromone produced by male beetles. The first method, often used in northern and central Europe, did not give acceptable results in Italy probably because of the scarcity of veteran trees with large hollows. It could only be used successfully in areas where: 1) tree hollows were abundant, large enough and with sufficient amounts of wood mould for planting pitfall traps and 2) the team is composed of several operators in order to ensure the checking of at least 150 traps every two days during the whole period of mating activities (15 July\–25 August). The second method, consisting of hanging 30 black cross window traps during the mating period and checking them every two days, turned out to be better for capturing a significant number of individuals but cannot be used every year because of the possible disturbance on mating activities of the species.

}, issn = {1314-6947}, doi = {10.3897/natureconservation.20.12658}, url = {https://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=12658}, author = {Maurizi, Emanuela and Campanaro, Alessandro and Chiari, Stefano and Maura, Michela and Mosconi, Fabio and Sabatelli, Simone and Zauli, Agnese and Audisio, Paolo and Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto} } @article {50724, title = {Guidelines for the monitoring of Lucanus cervus}, journal = {Nature Conservation}, volume = {20}, year = {2017}, month = {Apr-08-2019}, pages = {37 - 78}, abstract = {

Lucanus cervus is one of the most charismatic saproxylic beetles, widely distributed in Europe. The species is typical of mature deciduous forests, especially oak woodlands. Loss and fragmentation of suitable habitats is one of the major threats for this species which is included in Annex II of the Habitats Directive. Despite several studies carried out in the last years for the monitoring methods of the species, an analytical comparison between them is still lacking.

The aims of this paper are (i) to review the current knowledge about systematics, ecology and conservation practices on L. cervus and (ii) to present the research carried out during the Life MIPP project, in order to define a standard monitoring method with a suitable protocol to be used for addressing the obligations of the Habitats Directive. Overall, five methods were tested during three years in two different study areas. Based on these results, a suitable standard method for L. cervus is proposed in this paper and, in order to assess the conservation status of populations and to compare them over time, a simple method for the calculation of a reference value is provided.

}, issn = {1314-6947}, doi = {10.3897/natureconservation.20.12687}, url = {https://natureconservation.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=12687}, author = {Bardiani, Marco and Chiari, Stefano and Maurizi, Emanuela and Tini, Massimiliano and Toni, Ilaria and Zauli, Agnese and Campanaro, Alessandro and Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto and Audisio, Paolo} } @article {47714, title = {Use of acoustics to deter bark beetles from entering tree material}, journal = {Pest Management Science}, volume = {70}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-12-2014}, pages = {1808 - 1814}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND
Acoustic technology is a potential tool to protect wood materials and eventually live trees from colonization by bark beetles. Bark beetles such as the southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, western pine beetle D. brevicomis and pine engraver Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) use chemical and acoustic cues to communicate and to locate potential mates and host trees. In this study, the efficacy of sound treatments on D. frontalis, D. brevicomis and I. pini entry into tree materials was tested.


RESULTS
Acoustic treatments significantly influenced whether beetles entered pine logs in the laboratory. Playback of artificial sounds reduced D. brevicomis entry into logs, and playback of stress call sounds reduced D. frontalis entry into logs. Sound treatments had no effect on I. pini entry into logs.

CONCLUSION
The reduction in bark beetle entry into logs using particular acoustic treatments indicates that sound could be used as a viable management tool.

}, doi = {10.1002/ps.2014.70.issue-1210.1002/ps.3720}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ps.2014.70.issue-12}, author = {Aflitto, Nicholas C and Hofstetter, Richard W} } @article {47713, title = {Sound production and cannibalism in larvae of the pine-sawyer beetle Monochamus sutor L.(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)}, journal = {Entomologisk Tidskrift}, volume = {117}, year = {1996}, pages = {29{\textendash}33}, abstract = {

One-year old larvae of the pine-sawyer beetle, Monochamus sutor L. (Coleoptera: Ceram\­ bycidae), produced regular, chirping sounds, easily heard up to 10 meters away. Larvae were positioned within their hibernation tunnel in sapwood of recently fire-killed spruce and pine trees. Their heads were directed outwards, and the sound was probably produced by the scratching of their mandibles against the bark. Since the larvae produce this sound in spite of the risk of attracting parasites and predators such as wood-peckers, this behaviour most likely has an adaptive value. We suggest that sound production helps a larva to secure resources around its hibernation tunnel for its own development by keeping away other potentially competitive larvae. That the larvae are cannibalistic was demonstrated during a trial perfor\­ med in petri dishes filled with sawdust. Any larva ignoring the sound signal could therefore face a real threat of being killed.

}, author = {Victorsson, Jonas and Wikars, Lars-Ove} } @article {47712, title = {Insect disturbance stridulation: Characterization of airborne and vibrational components of the sound}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Physiology ? A}, volume = {135}, year = {1980}, month = {Jan-01-1980}, pages = {259 - 268}, abstract = {

Some insects stridulate when attacked by a predator. This behavior has been interpreted as a defensive response, the sound being a warning to predators of the insect\&$\#$39;s noxiousness. Since to humans many such disturbance sounds are audibly similar, it is possible that they may in fact be mutually mimetic. This idea was investigated through analysis of the temporal and spectral characteristics of the disturbance sounds of a variety of insects that stridulate by a file- and -scraper device. Properties of both the airborne sound and the underlying cuticular vibration (detected by a special vibration measuring instrument) were examined, and four characteristic features found:

\ \ \  1. The temporal pattern is simple. Bursts of toothstrike impulses are about 80 ms long, and are separated by pauses about 90 ms long. Bursts occur at a rate of about 5 to 10/s.
\ \ \ \ 
\ \ \  2. The temporal pattern is irregular. For toothstrike interval, burst duration, pause duration and interburst interval, the standard deviation is usually \>30\% of the mean. Much of the irregularity is presumably caused by the insect struggling at the same time it stridulates. Some insects show less variability, and these appear to lack tight coupling between stridulatory movements and struggling movements, so struggling does not interfere with stridulation.
\ \ \ \ 
\ \ \  3. The airborne sound pressure waveform is impulsive. The frequency coverage of the sounds is quite broad with an average 10-dB bandwidth of about 40 kHz centered at 25 kHz. The sounds are not intense, ranging from about 10 to 60 dB (re 20\×10\−6 Pa) at 10 cm.
\ \ \ \ 
\ \ \  4. The cuticular vibration waveform is sharply peaked and contains maximum energy at a frequency determined by the tooth-strike rate, usually about 1 kHz. The average decrease in power above this frequency is about 12 dB/octave. The maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of cuticular motion is about 1 to 10 \μm.
\ \ \ \ 

These common characteristics may lead predators to treat insects producing disturbance sounds similarly, although this possibility should be tested empirically. If acoustic mimicry exists, the communicatory interchange between predator and prey may be subtler than is commonly appreciated.

Supported in part by an NSF predoctoral fellowship and Bache Fund stipend from the National Academy of Sciences (Masters), and NIH grant AI-02908 and NSF grant PCM77-25807 (T. Eisner). I thank the insect identification service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and E.R. Hoebeke for identification of insects. I am grateful to the Director and staff of the Archbold Biological Station, Lake Placid, Florida, for their hospitality while I was there. To my chairman, Dr. Thomas Eisner, I wish to acknowledge my great debt for his original proposal that I study insect disturbance sounds and the suggestion that the sounds might be mutually mimetic, and for his unfailing support throughout my graduate career. I also thank Drs. Eisner, R.R. Capranica, D.J. Aneshansley, W.L. Brown and J. Camhi for helpful criticism of the manuscript, Drs. Capranica and G. Hausfater for loan of equipment, and Dr. A. George for discussions of acoustics. Finally, for invaluable help with all phases of this research, I thank my wife, Anne Moffat.

}, issn = {0340-7594}, doi = {10.1007/BF00657254}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF00657254}, author = {Masters, W. Mitchell} } @article {47711, title = {Stridulatory Apparatus and Analysis of the Acoustics of Four Species of the Subfamily Lamiinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {65}, year = {1972}, month = {Mar-05-1973}, pages = {644 - 647}, abstract = {

Investigation of 4 species of the subfamily Lamiinae\—Tylocerina nodosus (F.), Neacanthocinus obsoletus (Olivier), Monochamus titillator (F.), and Plectrodera scalator (F.)\—shows that both sexes of each species produce a stridulatory sound when disturbed. The stridulatory apparatus of each species consists of a plectral ridge on the inner surface of the posterior margin of the pronotum and a pars stridens on the dorsal surface of the mesocutellum of the mesothorax. Scanning electron micrographs show the plectral ridges to be smooth, while the pars stridens consists of regularly spaced striae with height, width, and spacing measurements characteristic for each species. Audiospectrographic analysis of the beetle-produced sounds reveals definite frequency bands, pulse lengths, and relative intensities for each species. Investigation of behavioral aspects of the sounds indicates that they are not a necessary component of courtship and mating behavior, but they may serve as an alarm signal.

}, issn = {0013-8746}, doi = {10.1093/aesa/65.3.644}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/aesa/65.3.644https://academic.oup.com/aesa/article/65/3/644/30148/Stridulatory-Apparatus-and-Analysis-of-the}, author = {Finn, W. E. and Mastro, V. C. and Payne, T. L.} } @article {47294, title = {Bioacoustics of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) on Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae)}, journal = {Florida Entomologist}, volume = {100}, year = {2017}, month = {Jan-03-2017}, pages = {109 - 115}, abstract = {Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an economically important pest of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae), in the tropics and subtropics. The larvae are cryptic and spend most of their development time inside the bean seeds. Their presence is almost imperceptible except for circular emergence holes created by the last instar larvae in preparation for their exit as adults. We considered a hypothesis that readily available acoustic detection devices can be used to detect larvae and adults in stored beans. Laboratory experiments were conducted in an anechoic chamber to characterize the sounds of movement and feeding and estimate whether they could be distinguished from background noise in storage environments. The larvae produced low-amplitude insect sound impulses frequently occurring in trains (bursts) of 2 or more impulses (mean = 3.6). The adults produced lower-amplitude impulses, although at a higher rate than the larvae, and there were significantly fewer impulses per burst. These features of the acoustic signals were useful for real-time detection of A. obtectus infestation and discrimination from background noise in stored common beans in sub-Saharan Africa. The use of such technology in the future, especially if its costs can be reduced further, may contribute to efforts to alleviate hunger and poverty in the region.}, keywords = {acoustic detection, almacenamiento de grano, common bean, detecci{\'o}n ac{\'u}stica, grain storage, sub-Saharan Africa}, issn = {0015-4040}, doi = {10.1653/024.100.0116}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.100.0116}, author = {Affognon, Hippolyte and Mutungi, Christopher and Richter, Uwe and Hensel, Oliver and Rohde, Barukh} } @article {15287, title = {A comparative study of ultrasound-triggered behaviour in tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {251}, year = {2000}, month = {Jan-07-2000}, pages = {355 - 368}, abstract = {

This study examines the behavioural responses to ultrasound in 52 species from the family Cicindelidae using both tethered \Øight and non-\Øight assays. Tethered \Øying tiger beetles respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behaviour. There was no variation in the nature of the behavioural responses regardless of geographical distribution or phylogenetic position. Lowest mean behavioural thresholds lie predominantly between 30 and 45 kHz. Sensitivity, however, varies widely, and several species do not respond at all in these assays. The lowest thresholds for responders are most often between 70 and 80 dB SPL. Almost all subgenera of North American tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela have at least some species with low-threshold acoustic behaviour. The single exception is the large subgenus Cicindela where all species are completely unresponsive or have very high thresholds. There was little relationship between habitat and responsiveness to ultrasound, but there is a strong correlation with seasonal activity \± species with adults active in the spring and autumn (all in the subgenus Cicindela )do not show ultrasound-triggered behaviour whereas summer-active species generally do. Superimposing these data on a current phylogeny of the North American tiger beetles suggests that acoustic behaviour (and hearing) is a shared primitive trait among the taxa examined here and that there have been at least \Æve independent losses of this character.

}, keywords = {Cicindela, defensive behaviour, evolution, insect hearing, phylogeny}, issn = {0952-8369}, doi = {10.1111/jzo.2000.251.issue-310.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb01086.x}, url = {http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/toc/jzo/251/3}, author = {Yager, David D. and Cook, Aaron P. and Pearson, David L. and Spangler, Hayward G.} } @article {15286, title = {New Stridulatory Structures in a Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): Morphology and Sound Characterization}, journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin}, volume = {57}, year = {2003}, pages = {161-166}, chapter = {161}, abstract = {

The stridulatory mechanism in Oxycheila tristis (Fabricius) (Cicindelinae: Megacephatini) is described. Sound is produced by mates and females rubbing the internal edge of the hind femur (plectrum) on the ringed elytral epipleura (pars stridens). The hind legs usually alternate, and sound is mostly generated during backward movement. Abdominal movements seem to play a role in the amplitude modulation of the signals. Temporal characteristics of the sound are slightly different for both sexes (longer leg cycles in females) but the frequency spectra are similar. The same stridulatory structures were found in other Oxycheila species as well as in the closely related Cheiloxya binotata longipennis Horn. Considering the different stridulatory mechanisms described in cicindelids, sound production probably evolved independently at least three times in this group.

}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250068645_New_Stridulatory_Structures_in_a_Tiger_Beetle_Coleoptera_Carabidae_Cicindelinae_Morphology_and_Sound_Characterization}, author = {Artur R. Serrano and Anabela C. Diogo and Emanuel Vi{\c c}oso and Paulo J. Fonseca} } @article {11821, title = {Organs of Possible Stridulatory Function in Water-Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)}, journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin}, volume = {28}, year = {1974}, month = {06/1974}, pages = {53-63}, chapter = {53}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3999643}, author = {D. J. Larson and G. Pritchard} } @article {11819, title = {Stridulation variability and morphology: an examination in dung beetles of the genus Trypocopris (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae)}, journal = {Population Ecology}, volume = {46}, year = {2004}, month = {Jan-04-2004}, abstract = {Distress signals produced by dung beetles of the genus Trypocopris (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae) were analysed to test whether interspecific and intraspecific acoustic variability are species- and subspecies-specific and to ascertain to what extent bioacoustic parameters depend upon the morphology of the stridulatory organs (pars stridens). Bioacoustic analyses showed that the three species were clearly differentiated, despite the fact that disturbance stridulations presented the same stereotyped spectrographic pattern. Within each species, most of the subspecies and populations considered were also bioacoustically distinguishable. Subspecies and populations within each species were differentiated with regard to body size and stridulatory organ, and the length of the pars stridens was positively correlated with the width of the coxa, in turn positively correlated with body size. A few spectrographic measures were significantly constrained by the morphology of the stridulatory apparatus; in particular the duration of sound emission was positively correlated with the length of the apparatus and the sub-pulse rate was negatively related to the distance between two consecutive crests. For T. pyrenaeus, with the largest number of populations sampled, there was no significant correlation between morphological and spectrographic distances, but there were significant positive correlations between morphological and geographical distances and between morphological and genetic distances. It is hypothesized that genetic differentiation might directly affect variability of the stridulatory apparata which would also be indirectly influenced and constrained by external morphological traits (like the width of the coxa and body size). Stridulatory organs, in turn, would affect the ways a few stridulatory traits (especially the temporal ones) change in time and space.}, issn = {1438-3896}, doi = {10.1007/s10144-004-0170-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10144-004-0170-3http://www.springerlink.com/index/pdf/10.1007/s10144-004-0170-3}, author = {Carisio, Loredana and Palestrini, Claudia and Rolando, Antonio} } @article {11818, title = {On the functions of stridulation by the passalid beetle Odontotaenius disjunctus (Coleoptera: Passalidae)}, journal = {Animal Behaviour}, volume = {29}, year = {1981}, month = {Jan-05-1981}, pages = {483 - 486}, abstract = {Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are more hesitant to continue attacking and take longer to kill and eat stridulating passalid beetles (Odontotaenius disjunctus) than silenced beetles. This is an experimental demonstration of the deterrent capability of disturbance stridulation by an insect that has no active defences against the predator. Stridulation is not necessary for congregation by colony members. Silenced beetles congregate as effectively as controls. There is no evidence that the disturbance stridulation causes predictable responses in other colony members of this presocial beetle.}, issn = {00033472}, doi = {10.1016/S0003-3472(81)80108-X}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S000334728180108X}, author = {Buchler, E.R. and Wright, T.B. and Brown, E.D.} } @article {11817, title = {X. Stridulating Organs in Coleoptera}, journal = {Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London}, volume = {48}, year = {1900}, month = {Jan-10-1900}, pages = {433 - 452}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb01002.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1900.tb01002.x}, author = {Gahan, Charles J.} } @article {11816, title = {Stridulation and defensive behaviour in the ground beetle, Cychrus caraboides (L.)}, journal = {Journal of Entomology Series A, General Entomology}, volume = {49}, year = {1974}, month = {Jan-11-1974}, pages = {7 - 15}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {Adults of both sexes of C.caraboides stridulate by means of an elytroabdominal mechanism. The stridulatory surfaces consist of opposing series of microlamellae, only seen clearly with the surface scanning electron microscope. Sound emission covers a wide band of frequencies from audible to about 80 kHz. It is suggested that stridulation may act as an acoustic warning to certain vertebrate predators.}, doi = {10.1111/phen.1974.49.issue-110.1111/j.1365-3032.1974.tb00062.x}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/phen.1974.49.issue-1http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1974.tb00062.x}, author = {Claridge, M. F.} } @article {11815, title = {New Stridulatory Structures in a Tiger Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae): Morphology and Sound Characterization}, journal = {The Coleopterists Bulletin}, volume = {57}, year = {2003}, pages = {161-166}, chapter = {161}, abstract = {The stridulatory mechanism in Oxycheila tristis (Fabricius) (Cicindelinae: Megacephalini) is described. Sound is produced by males and females rubbing the internal edge of the hind femur (plectrum) on the ringed elytral epipleura (pars stridens). The hind legs usually alternate, and sound is mostly generated during backward movement. Abdominal movements seem to play a role in the amplitude modulation of the signals. Temporal characteristics of the sound are slightly different for both sexes (longer leg cycles in females) but the frequency spectra are similar. The same stridulatory structures were found in other Oxycheila species as well as in the closely related Cheiloxya binotata longipennis Horn. Considering the different stridulatory mechanisms described in cicindelids, sound production probably evolved independently at least three times in this group.}, doi = {10.1649/538}, author = {Artur R. Serrano and Anabela C. Diogo and Emanuel Vi{\c c}oso and Paulo J. Fonseca} } @article {11814, title = {The Origin Of Stridulation In Beetles}, journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology}, volume = {17}, year = {1942}, pages = {83-86}, chapter = {83}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-3032.1942.tb00508.x}, author = {Gilbert J. Arrow} } @article {11813, title = {Elytro-tergal stridulation in weevils (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {30}, year = {1996}, pages = {703-773}, chapter = {703}, abstract = {Many Curculionidae, Scolytidae and Platypodidae stridulate by rubbing a plectrum on tergite VII against a subapical file on the elytral underside. The file on the right elytron may be smaller than that on the left, or absent; on either elytron it usually comprises a series of parallel ridges. The plectrum generally consists of one or more pair of setiferous tubercles, although other structures are sometimes employed. This stridulatory system ({\textquoteleft}type 1{\textquoteright}) is found in members of 14 curculionid subfamilies and in Scolytidae. Platypodidae have a similar and probably homologous organ, although the morphology of the file differs somewhat from that found elsewhere and the plectrum is a simple flange. Within Curculionidae three other elytro-tergal stridulatory systems have been found. Firstly, in some Cossoninae and Molytinae, the file is a row of tubercles on tergite VII and the plectrum is a ridge on the elytron ({\textquoteleft}type 2{\textquoteright}); this is newly reported here. Secondly, females of Ithyporini, some Camptorhinini and some Cryptorhynchini have part of the wing binding patch on tergite VII modified to act as a file, with a plectrum on the elytra ({\textquoteleft}type 3{\textquoteright}). Thirdly, some Amycterinae have a file of ridges on tergite VII and a plectrum on the elytra ({\textquoteleft}type 4{\textquoteright}), apparently an autapomorphy of a restricted group of species. In addition, some Curculionidae have a plectrum on the hind femur and a file on the abdominal sternum (some Cryptorhynchinae) or elytron (some Otidocephalinae). Scolytidae have at least three other stridulatory organs: two on the head and one involving the elytra and sternum VIII. Some systematic conclusions are drawn: the clear homology of the type 1 structures in Scolytidae and the majority of the stridulating Curculionidae indicates that the Curculionidae is paraphyletic with respect to the Scolytidae; Scolytidae should therefore be treated as a subfamily of Curculionidae. The structure of the platypodid file and plectrum provide equivocal information and do not aid resolution of the phylogenetic placement of this family. Monophyly of some Ithyporini and Camptorhinini is suggested by the distribution of type 3, but there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate paraphyly of the Cryptorhynchini. The distribution of type 2 does not indicate monophyly of the Cossoninae and Molytinae since the structures in the two are almost certainly homoplastic. All known records of elytro-tergal stridulatory organs in the Scolytidae, Platypodidae and Curculionidae are listed.}, keywords = {classification, Curculionidae, Curculionoidea, morphology, Platypodidae, Scolytidae, stridulation}, doi = {10.1080/00222939600770391}, author = {C.H.C. Lyal and T. King} } @inbook {11812, title = {Stridulation in the Coleoptera {\textendash} An Overview}, booktitle = {Insect Sounds and Communication: Physiology, Behaviour, Ecology, and Evolution}, year = {2006}, pages = {397-403}, publisher = {CRC Press}, organization = {CRC Press}, chapter = {30}, issn = {9780849320606}, url = {http://download.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de/andreas.wessel/30_wessel.pdf}, author = {Andreas Wessel} } @article {11294, title = {On certain muscial Curculionidae: with descriptions of two new Plinthi}, journal = {Annals and Magazine of Natural History}, volume = {3}, year = {1860}, pages = {14-19}, chapter = {14}, url = {https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_52318_oncertainmuscialcurculionidaew1840}, author = {T. V. Wollaston} }