02109nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006500124260001600189520134000205653002301545653001201568653003001580653001301610653001501623653000901638100002201647700002201669700002301691700003101714700003101745700002401776856005501800       2018                        eng d  a2193-719200aThe buzz segment of Savannah sparrow song is a population marker0 abuzz segment of Savannah sparrow song is a population marker  cMar-12-20183 a<p>Different components of learned birdsongs change at different rates across generations, and the rate of change may correspond to the information carried by each component. To characterize the role of the buzz segment of Savannah sparrow songs, we examined recordings from southeastern Canada and the northeastern US and fully characterized buzz segments in songs recorded from two populations: one on Kent Island, NB, Canada and another in Williamstown, MA, USA. Buzzes varied geographically: Kent Island buzzes had higher mean frequencies and shorter pulse periods than Williamstown buzzes and the differences between the two populations persisted over time. Population-specific buzz characteristics also appeared to be resistant to change. Variants appeared on Kent Island in the late 1980s and were learned by some younger birds; however, these buzz variants disappeared by 2011. We conducted a playback experiment and found that males from both populations had longer responses to local buzzes. Therefore, buzz structure varies geographically; population characteristics of the buzz persist through time despite the introduction of variant forms; and territorial males discriminate between buzzes from different populations. The learned buzz segment of the song may thus serve as a population marker for Savannah sparrows.</p>
10aCultural evolution10adialect10aPasserculus sandwichensis10aplayback10aPopulation10asong1 aWilliams, Heather1 aRobins, Clint, W.1 aNewman, Amy, E. M.1 aFreeman-Gallant, Corey, R.1 aWheelwright, Nathaniel, T.1 aMennill, Daniel, J.  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10336-018-1611-702438nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001300041245011600054210006900170260001600239300001400255490000800269520143800277653001201715653001201727653001601739653001601755653001601771653001901787653001701806100002601823700002501849700001801874700001901892700001601911856023301927       2018                        eng d  a0003347200aKinship and association do not explain vocal repertoire variation among individual sperm whales or social units0 aKinship and association do not explain vocal repertoire variatio  cJan-11-2018  a131 - 1400 v1453 a<p>Vocal learning often results in distinct dialects among individuals or groups, but the forces selecting for these phenomena remain unclear. Female sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus, and their dependent offspring live in matrilineally based social units, and the units associate within sympatric clans. The clans have distinctive dialects of codas (patterns of clicks), as do, to a lesser extent, the units within clans. We examined the similarity of coda repertoires of individuals and units from the eastern Caribbean and related these to patterns of kinship and social association. Similarity in coda repertoires was not discernibly correlated with close kinship or association rates for either individuals or units (matrix correlation coefficients &lt;0.12 for all tests using whole repertoires and data from all units). This supports the prevailing hypothesis that these vocalizations are culturally transmitted. The lack of correlation also indicates that vocal learning may occur broadly within clans, rather than preferentially from close kin or close social associates within social units, or that biases in vocal learning at lower levels of social structure are diffused by clan-level processes, such as conformity. Finally, an absence of signals of kinship in vocalization patterns suggests that a different mechanism, perhaps familiarity through repeated association, mediates kin selection among sperm whales.</p>
10adialect10akinship10amatrilineal10asocial unit10asperm whale10avocal learning10avocalization1 aKonrad, Christine, M.1 aFrasier, Timothy, R.1 aRendell, Luke1 aWhitehead, Hal1 aGero, Shane  uhttps://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347218302811https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302811?httpAccept=text/xmlhttps://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347218302811?httpAccept=text/plain