01502nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004700041210004700088520103400135653002201169653001801191653001401209653001501223653002101238100001801259856006701277 1999 eng d00aMATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN0 aMATE CHOICE IN TREE CRICKETS AND THEIR KIN3 a

Mate choice theory has become a major field of research in behavioral ecology. Tree crickets provide excellent opportunities for studying the diversity and variability of mate choice. The evidence for female mate choice in tree crickets is reviewed, and broad comparisons with other orthopteran groups are made. The evidence shows that female choice may occur during several different stages of mating and may target several different criteria. Song preferences are perhaps dominated by stabilizing preferences for the cues of species recognition, but there is a growing body of evidence for directional preferences based on sensory biases or mate quality. Mate rejection during courtship and forms of postcopulatory choice may favor males, based both on phenotypic quality and on the amount of nutritious courtship gifts they provide, and may differ with the value of mating incentives. Understanding the balance and trade-offs between different forms of mate choice may help in understanding their evolutionary causes.

10acourtship feeding10aFemale choice10aGryllidae10aOrthoptera10asexual selection1 aBrown, W., D. uhttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.37101645nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245018200055210006900237260001600306300000600322490000900328520081100337653001901148653001701167653001401184653001601198653001301214653001701227100002001244700002501264700001901289700002601308856005701334 2014 eng d a1175-532600aRevision of the cricket genus Cardiodactylus (Orthoptera, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini): the species from both sides of the Wallace line, with description of 25 new species0 aRevision of the cricket genus emCardiodactylusem Orthoptera Eneo cAug-08-2015 a10 v38543 a

The genus Cardiodactylus is the most speciose and widely distributed genus of the cricket subfamily Eneopterinae and of the Lebinthini tribe. Along with diverse acoustic features, this genus is also characterized by a wide distribution area running from Japan to Southeast Asia, Northern Australia and in many archipelagos in the Western Pacific, with a high contrast in species distributions. In this paper we start revising Cardiodactylus by focusing on the western region of its wide distribution and the Novaeguineae species group. We describe 25 new species of Cardiodactylus, redescribe 3 species and bring new signalizations for 5 species. Whenever possible, information is provided about species distribution, male calling song and male and female genitalia, forewing venation and habitat.

10aCardiodactylus10aEneopterinae10aGryllidae10anew species10arevision10aWallace line1 aROBILLARD, TONY1 aGOROCHOV, ANDREJ, V.1 aPOULAIN, SIMON1 aSUHARDJONO, YAYUK, R. uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3854.102021nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001300200300001100213490000800224520135300232653002401585653001701609653001201626653002001638653001401658653002401672100002501696700002401721856004601745 2002 eng d a0022-094900aTicking of the clockwork cricket: the role of the escapement mechanism.0 aTicking of the clockwork cricket the role of the escapement mech c2002 Mar a613-250 v2053 a

The 'clockwork cricket' model for cricket sound production suggests that the catch-and-release of the file of one forewing by the plectrum on the opposite wing act as an 'escapement' to provide the phasic impulses that initiate and sustain the vibration of the resonant regions of the wings from which the sounds are produced. The action of the escapement produces the familiar ticking sound of clocks. The higher-frequency components of the songs of twelve species of cricket were analysed after removing the dominant low-frequency components and amplifying the remaining higher-frequency components. In normal song pulses of all species, the higher-frequency components showed a close phase-locking to the waveform of the dominant frequency, but the amplitude of the higher-frequency components did not correlate with that at the dominant frequency. Anomalous pulses occurred spontaneously in the songs of several species: multimodal, interrupted or curtailed pulses are described. In all of these, the anomalous pulse envelope was associated with changes in the amplitude and/or instantaneous frequency of the higher-frequency components of the sound. A model of the escapement suggests that the frequency of the residual components of the song depends on the symmetry of action of the plectrum on the teeth of the file.

10aanimal vocalization10aanimal wings10aAnimals10aescape reaction10aGryllidae10aspecies specificity1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aBailey, Winston, J. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/4786803191nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001300251300001100264490000800275520240800283653002502691653002402716653001202740653002202752653001302774653001402787653000902801653001402810100002002824700001802844700001702862856004602879 2000 eng d a0022-094900aThe control of carrier frequency in cricket calls: a refutation of the subalar-tegminal resonance/auditory feedback model.0 acontrol of carrier frequency in cricket calls a refutation of th c2000 Feb a585-960 v2033 a

The subalar-tegminal resonance/auditory feedback hypothesis attempts to explain how crickets control the carrier frequency (f(C)), the loudness and the spectral purity of their calls. This model contrasts with the 'clockwork cricket' or escapement model by proposing that f(C) is not controlled by the resonance of the cricket's radiators (the harps) but is instead controlled neurally. It suggests that crickets are capable of driving their harps to vibrate at any frequency and that they use a tunable Helmholtz-like resonator consisting of the tegmina and the air within the subalar space to amplify and filter the f(C). This model predicts that f(C) is variable, that call loudness is related to tegminal position (and subalar volume) and that low-density gases should cause f(C) to increase. In Anurogryllus arboreus, f(C) is not constant and varied by as much as 0.8 % between pulses. Within each sound pulse, the average f(C) typically decreased from the first to the last third of a sound pulse by 9 %. When crickets called in a mixture of heliox and air, f(C) increased 1.07- to 1.14-fold above the value in air. However, if the subalar space were part of a Helmholtz-like resonator, then its resonant frequency should have increased by 40-50 %. Moreover, similar increases occurred in species that lack a subalar space (oecanthines). Experimental reduction of the subalar volume of singing crickets resulted neither in a change in f(C) nor in a change in loudness. Nor did crickets attempt to restore the subalar volume to its original value. These results disprove the presence of a subalar-tegminal resonator. The free resonance of freshly excised Gryllus rubens tegmina shifted by 1.09-fold when moved between air and a mixture of helium and air. Auditory feedback cannot be the cause of this shift, which is similar to the f(C) shifts in intact individuals of other species. Calculations show that the harp is 3.9-1.8 times more massive than the air that moves en masse with the vibrating harps. Replacing air with heliox-air lowers the mass of the vibrating system sufficiently to account for the f(C) shifts. These results re-affirm the 'clockwork cricket' (escapement) hypothesis. However, as realized by others, the harps should be viewed as narrow-band variable-frequency oscillators whose tuning may be controlled by factors that vary the effective mass.

10aacoustic stimulation10aanimal vocalization10aAnimals10abiological models10afeedback10aGryllidae10amale10avibration1 aPrestwich, K, N1 aLenihan, K, M1 aMartin, D, M uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/4786100769nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001300223300001100236490000700247653002100254653001200275653002200287653001400309653001400323653001500337653001100352653000900363653002200372653002400394653002400418100001500442856004600457 1999 eng d a1055-790300aA nested analysis of song groups and species boundaries in the Hawaiian cricket genus Laupala.0 anested analysis of song groups and species boundaries in the Haw c1999 Mar a332-410 v1110aanimal behaviour10aAnimals10abiological models10aecosystem10aGryllidae10aHaplotypes10aHawaii10amale10amitochondrial DNA10apopulation genetics10aspecies specificity1 aShaw, K, L uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/4778502125nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001600240300000800256490000900264520137700273653001401650653001501664653003301679653002701712100001801739700001501757700001501772700001901787700002001806856005701826 2016 eng d a1175-532600aMicromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)0 aMicromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulator cDec-06-2017 a5530 v41273 a

The present study compared micromorphological differentiation of stridulatory apparatus between the functional right tegmen and non-functional left tegmen, analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM), among eight Gryllidae species. The results showed that the main differences were found on the length and shape of files and teeth. The length of stridulatory file and teeth number were lower on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in all species. However, the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth was significantly higher on the left stridulatory apparatus than that on right stridulatory apparatus in Dianemobius fascipes, Polionemobius taprobanensis, Pteronemobius gifuensis, Teleogryllus occipitalis and Oecanthus longicauda. In addition, the length of stridulatory teeth was positively related to number of stridulatory teeth, however, the interval of stridulatory teeth was negatively related to the ratio between the length of stridulatory teeth and the interval of stridulatory teeth for left and right stridulatory apparatus. Our result illustrated that the length of left and right stridulatory file and teeth length could be an effective character to distinguish species. Left stridulatory apparatus was not entirely degraded than right stridulatory apparatus.

10aGryllidae10aOrthoptera10ascanning electron microscope10astridulatory apparatus1 aLI, XIAOQIANG1 aZhang, Xue1 aLuo, Wenqi1 aWang, Yinliang1 aRen, Bing-Zhong uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4127.301458nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001300041245017000054210006900224260001600293300001200309490000800321520053900329653001400868653001900882653001200901653002000913653001400933653001600947653001500963653002100978100002600999700001901025700002101044700001701065700002001082856006601102 2015 eng d a0044523100aGnominthus gen. nov., a new genus of crickets endemic to Papua New Guinea with novel acoustic and behavioral diversity (Insecta, Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae)0 aGnominthus gen nov a new genus of crickets endemic to Papua New  cJan-09-2015 a82 - 910 v2583 a

The present study describes Gnominthus, a new genus of Eneopterinae crickets from New Guinea Island (Papua New Guinea), which belongs to the tribe Lebinthini. Descriptions focus on general morphology, male and female genitalia, and forewing venation. Bioacoustical analyses of the calling song and the description of the mating behavior are also provided. The novelties found here increase the idea hypothesized before that the Lebinthini may represent a very diverse group in terms of shapes, behaviors and acoustic signals.

10aGryllidae10ahigh frequency10aInsecta10amating behavior10anew genus10anew species10aOrthoptera10aPapua New Guinea1 aVicente, Natallia, M.1 aOlivero, Paola1 aLafond, Augustin1 aDong, Jiajia1 aRobillard, Tony uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004452311530002403301nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001300225300001200238490000800250520258400258653001402842653002402856653001202880653001402892653001602906653001402922100002402936700002502960700001902985856005503004 2001 eng d a0022-094900aAcoustics of a small Australian burrowing cricket: the control of low-frequency pure-tone songs.0 aAcoustics of a small Australian burrowing cricket the control of c2001 Aug a2827-410 v2043 a

For most insects, size determines the call frequency. This paper describes the acoustics of a small brachypterous cricket (Rufocephalus sp.; body length 9.6 mm) producing a call with a carrier frequency of approximately 3.2 kHz from a subterranean burrow. Crickets such as Gryllus campestris are approximately twice this length and produce a call frequency close to 5 kHz. The burrow of Rufocephalus opens via a small hole with a diameter of 3.2 mm. The neck of the hole at approximately 1.4 mm depth opens to a vertical two-part burrow with an upper vase-shaped chamber 16.1 mm in height with a diameter of 9.4 mm. This top chamber connects via a 6.4mm high (diameter 5.2 mm) neck to a more irregular chamber approximately 18 mm high with a width of approximately 11 mm. The walls of the top chamber neck and of the upper part of the lower chamber are smooth and appear to be sealed with saliva. The song has a mean centre frequency of 3.2 kHz and is made up of variable-length trills of pulses of mean duration 15.8 ms. Many song pulses had smooth envelopes and their frequency did not vary by more than +/-40Hz from the centre frequency, with a relative bandwidth Q-3dB of over 50. Other pulses showed considerable amplitude and frequency modulation within the pulse. When driven by external sound, burrows resonated at a mean frequency of 3.5 kHz with a mean quality factor Q of 7.4. Natural-size model burrows resonated at similar frequencies with similar Q values. One cricket, which had previously called from its own burrow at 2.95 kHz, sang at 3.27 kHz from a burrow that resonated at the same frequency. Life-size model burrows driven by external sound resonated at similar frequencies to the actual burrows; models three times life size resonated at one-third of this frequency. In all models, the sound pressure was more-or-less constant throughout the top chamber but fell rapidly in the neck of the burrow; the phase of the sound was effectively constant in the top chamber and neck and fell through approximately 180 degrees in passing from the neck into the lower chamber. A numerical model of the sound flow from region to region gave essentially similar results. A resonant electrical model fed from a high-impedance source with discrete tone bursts at different frequencies showed similar amplitude and frequency modulation to the various types of song pulses that were observed. It is suggested that the high purity of the songs results from close entrainment of the sound-producing mechanism of the insect's wings to the sharply resonant burrow.

10aacoustics10aanimal vocalization10aAnimals10aAustralia10aenvironment10aGryllidae1 aBailey, Winston, J.1 aBennet-Clark, H., C.1 aFletcher, N, H uhttp://jeb.biologists.org/content/204/16/2827.long04720nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001300200300001200213490000800225520411800233653002504351653001704376653001204393653001404405653002404419100002504443856004604468 2003 eng d a0022-094900aWing resonances in the Australian field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus.0 aWing resonances in the Australian field cricket Teleogryllus oce c2003 May a1479-960 v2063 a

The anatomy and mechanics of the fore-wings of the Australian cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus were examined to study how resonances of the wings were excited, to model the interactions between the two wings during sound production, to account for the frequency changes that occur within the pulses and to determine the variation in sound amplitude during the pulses. Sound is produced after raising the wings by closing the right wing over the left; the plectrum of the left wing engages and releases teeth on the file on the underside of the right wing. The mean number of teeth on the right file is 252; the teeth are more closely spaced in the posterior part of the file, which is engaged at the start of the song pulses. The anterior part of the file is separated from the base of the harp by a short flexible region. The dorsal field of the wing, in which the harp is situated, is largely mechanically isolated from the driving veins of the lateral field, except for a cross vein at the apex of the harp. The harps of the two wings did not differ significantly in area but the plectrum of the left wing was significantly longer and wider than that of the right wing. The posterior edge of the plectrum has a radius of approximately 0.5 micro m, which allows it to engage the 20 micro m-tall teeth of the file. The plectrum is separated from the wing by a 0.5 micro m-thick crescent that allows it to twist lengthways and thus disengage the file teeth. The sigmoid shape of the file allows the plectrum to engage teeth over most of the length of the file. The calling song of T. oceanicus consists of a chirp of four similar pulses followed by a trill of pairs of pulses. The dominant frequency of all pulses is approximately 4.8 kHz but cycle-by-cycle analysis suggests that the different types of pulse are produced by wing-closing movements through different arcs. Free resonances of the left wing occurred at 4.56 kHz [quality factor (Q)=25.1] and of the right wing at 4.21 kHz (Q=23.9). Driven by loud sound, maximum vibration of the harp was seen at approximately 4.5 kHz; at lower sound levels, the vibration was confined to the cross-veins of the harp that extend distally from the file. Resonances of the left wing driven by vibration of the same wing, either at the plectrum or on the anal area, occurred at similar frequencies to those of the songs and had similar Qs but were approximately anti-phase, demonstrating that movement of the plectrum (e.g. by the file teeth) causes an opposite movement of the harp. When the right wing was driven directly on the file, the resonant frequency was 5.88 kHz but, when driven on the file via a length of the left file and the left plectrum, it was 4.83 kHz. The amplitude of the vibration increased from the posterior end of the file to the middle then fell towards the anterior end of the file. Pushing a left plectrum across the middle of the right file produced trains of damped sound pulses at 4.82 kHz (Q=23.4). Clicks excited from the anterior end of the file had lower frequencies. The resonances excited from both the left wing via its plectrum and from the right wing when driven via the left plectrum were similar in frequency to that of the song. The resonance of the dorsal field persisted after ablation of the harp but the mean resonant frequency increased 1.12-fold with a similar Q to the intact wing. Droplets of water on the distal end of the harp or proximal part of the dorsal field raised the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency was lowered by the addition of weights to the harp or the file; the factor of the decrease suggested that the mass of the resonant system was approximately 1.4 mg, which accords with the mass of the harp plus file plus anal area of the wing (left wing, 1.27 mg; right wing, 1.15 mg) but is far heavier than the harp (0.22 mg). An earlier suggestion that the harp is the resonator is not supported; instead, it is proposed that the major elastic component of the resonant system is the file plus 1st anal vein and that the mass component is the combined mass of the file, anal area and harp.

10aanimal communication10aanimal wings10aAnimals10aGryllidae10asound spectrography1 aBennet-Clark, H., C. uhttps://bio.acousti.ca/zh-hans/node/17206